1、第二讲 阅读七选五“二步”解题法专题二 阅读七选五 做真题感悟高考_真题体验_透视命题规律(2020新高考全国卷)Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking._16_ Do you want to be a good public speaker？Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting，relaxed and comfortable.Too often，when you stan
2、d up to give a speech，you focus on the“public”at the expense of the“speaking.”_17_ Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience，be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet，the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking
3、.Peoples attention wanders constantly.In fact，most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message.So，dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious one._18_Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker._19_ And like everything else in life，that takes practice.Reme
4、mber，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis._20_ Its rare to hear someone say，“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.”On the other hand，you probably cant count the times that youve thought，“Im glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever！”So surprise your audie
5、nce.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.ADo the opposite.BYou want to be an effective public speaker.CYou dont need to apologize for a mino
6、r slip.DWhen it comes to public speaking，less is usually more.EThe objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.FTake the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.GHowever，the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。有些人是天生的演说家，但大多数人能
7、成为有影响力的演说家，是因为他们受过训练。文章就如何成为一名出色的演说家给出了一些建议。本文以提高演讲水平为话题，关注自我发展与成长，有助于读者提高思辨能力和学习能力。16解析：关联逻辑法解题。上句提到“一些人生来就有公开演讲的天赋”，与此承接的语意应该是另一些人则要经过后天培训，故选G项“然而，大多数人能成为有影响力的演说家，是因为他们受过训练”。G项中的the majority of people(大多数人)对应上句的some individuals(一些人)，train to be(训练使然)对应上句的are bornwith(与生俱来)。答案：G17解析：关联逻辑法解题。前面一句说的是
8、“当你站在公众面前演讲时，大多数情况下你关注的是公众，却牺牲了演讲”。言外之意，作者认为演讲者应关注演讲本身而不是公众，故选A项“反过来做”。F选项虽然也提到要关注“听众”，但是选项中的the fear在前文中没有提到，因此排除。答案：A18解析：关联逻辑法解题。前文说的是“即使最成功的演说家也会犯错所以，除非错误非常严重，否则犯了错也不要停止演讲”。由此可推断设空处应该与“犯错”有关，故选C项“你没有必要为小失误道歉”。a minor slip(小错误)与前文的a mistake为同义替换。答案：C19解析：关联逻辑法解题。由前句“你的目标不是成为一名完美的演说家”可以锁定B、E两项。但后句
9、“就像生活中的其他一切事情一样，这需要练习”中有关键词that，因此空格处应提及that指代的内容，故选B项“你想成为一名有影响力的演说家”，这是需要加以练习的。答案：B20解析：设题位置法解题。空后提到“很少听到有人会说：我希望演讲者能讲得更久一些。”另外，本段还给出了建议“总是让你的演讲比预期的稍短一点”，由此可知，位于本段段首的空格处应与缩短演讲时间有关。D项“说到公开演讲，通常越少就是越多”符合段落主题。这里的less指的是less time，more指的是more benefits或者more gains。答案：D依据挖空位置，可将5个题目分为段首题、段中题和段尾题；依据句子在文中的
10、作用，可分为“主旨概括句(涉及段落整体内容)”，“过渡句(反映文章结构)”和“细节支撑句(反映上下文的逻辑关系)”三个类型。1略读文章抓大意以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语。2重点阅读上下句因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。3看看结构变轻松在解题过程中，通过观察语言结构可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松。4词语复现显神功作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现。5代词逻辑亦管用代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，
11、故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。第一步 看位置定类型句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：研题型解锁疑难_题型突破_揭示命题热点挖空位置 逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来段中题例证关系表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example，for instance，in fact/as a matter of fact，actually，in othe
12、r words/that is to say等段中题转折关系表示转折关系的标志词语有：but，however，yet，while/though/although，or/otherwise，on the contrary，instead，nevertheless(然而)，still，in contrast/comparison，by comparison等因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：so，therefore，thus，consequently(结果)，as a result(of)，so/such.that.，so that.等段中题递进关系表示递进关系的标志词语有：too，also，be
13、sides，further，furthermore，moreover，likewise,similarly，whats more，whats worse，in addition，as well，to make matters worse，not.but.,not only.but also等并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and，first(ly)，second(ly)；first，then/next；to begin with，some.others.；for one thing，for another thing；then/next，finally/last等段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容
14、，常含有总结性的词语承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来(2020高考全国卷节选).Emoji can help communication feel friendlier，and even aserious note can be softened with an encouraging smile._40_，and emoji can contribute directly to that positiveoutcome.And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis totheir business communic
15、ation，youll know you have succeeded inimproving your work culture.AMessages with emojis feel more conversationalBEven a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyCSending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeDThe popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyEGiving employees the tools en
16、ables them to communicate honestlyFStudies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceGAn easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform分析 本题位于段首，一般文章的段首句可以作为主题句，也可起承上启下的作用，因此我们需要格外关注空格前后的内容。空格前面介绍表情符号的作用，即Emoji can help communication feel friendlier，空格后面
17、同样是概括表情符号的作用，即positive outcome。通过观察选项，我们发现F项提到的friendlier communication与前文联系紧密，且从文章结构来看，F项可以通过and与后一个简单句连接，使文章结构严谨。故选F。(2020高考全国卷节选).There is also the matter of tone(语气)Who hasnt received anemail so annoying that it ruined an entire day？_39_Emoji canhelp communication feel friendlier，and even a seri
18、ous note can besoftened with an encouraging smile.AMessages with emojis feel more conversationalBEven a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyCSending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeDThe popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyEGiving employees the tools enables them to co
19、mmunicate honestlyFStudies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceGAn easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform分析 根据前句“Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？(谁没有收到过如此令人生气的电子邮件以至于它毁掉一整天呢？)”和后文介绍表情符号的优点可知，这里是陈述电子邮件的缺点
20、，所以选项B“即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷冰冰、不友好”与上文语意承接，故为答案。空前的email与选项B中的email相呼应。故选B。(2018高考全国卷节选).The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings，and floors.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant._40_AWhile all of them are u
21、sefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure，because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up
22、from the small ones in two major ways分析 该空位于段尾，应属于总结句。根据空前的the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant可知，大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与F项构成因果关系。第二步 由类型定技法(2020高考全国卷节选)._37_Some people register a list of things they want or need fortheir new home at a local store or stores.Some comm
23、on things peoplewill put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and thingslike curtains.Even if there isnt a registry，a good housewarming gift issomething to decorate the new house with，like a piece of art or a plant.AThis isnt usual though.BIt is traditional to bring a gift to a house
24、warming party.CYou can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.DIf youre lucky enough to receive gifts，keep them in a safe place.EIt also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.FThe best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.GThis was so that
25、the person could keep their home warm for the winter.分析 本题考查主题句。空格位于第二段句首，是该段的主题句，空后的内容都在介绍客人可以带到聚会上的礼物，空格处应与聚会时所带礼物有关，故选B项“带礼物去乔迁聚会是传统”。先提出应该带礼物，后面讲述如何选礼物等。(2019高考全国卷节选)Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example，you may want to be a pilot but cant become one because your eyesight
26、 is not good enough._40_ You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.AThis can affect your work.BSo how should you motivate yourself?CHowever，this should not discourage you.DSo why should we try to set specific goals?EThey can change according to circumstances.FMotivatio
27、n is what you need most to do a good job.GWithout motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析 设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。根据空格前举的例子，想当飞行员，但视力不够好，你不能因为视力不够好就泄气了，你得把自己当飞行员的目标换一下，重新设定一个目标，选项C“然而，这不应该使你气馁”与之对应。故选C。(2019高考全国卷节选)Imagine a child standing on adiving board four feet high and asking himself th
28、e question：“ShouldI jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivationand goal setting are the two sides of the same coin._36_Like thechild on the diving board，you will stay undecided.AThis can affect your work.BSo how should you motivate yourself?CHowever，this should not discourage y
29、ou.DSo why should we try to set specific goals?EThey can change according to circumstances.FMotivation is what you need most to do a good job.GWithout motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析 本题考查推断句。空格前有motivation and goal setting，而且说它们是同一枚硬币的两面，缺一不可，由此可知此处讲动力与设定目标的关系，故G项“没有动力，你既不能设定目标
30、也不能实现它”符合语境。(2020高考全国卷节选)._38_This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will，however，probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes，bec
31、ause a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home，people may be asked to help unpack boxes.This isnt usual though.AThis isnt usual though.BIt is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.CYou can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.DIf
32、youre lucky enough to receive gifts，keep them in a safe place.EIt also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.FThe best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.GThis was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.分析 此题可用代词指代线索解题。空格后的代词this是关键信息
33、词。由since后的内容可知，在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多，由此可判断this是指带食物去参加聚会，故选C项“你也可以带食物或饮料与其他客人分享”。(2018年11月浙江卷节选)._32_Think of how long it takes to listen to one of thosemessages.In texts，you dont have to declare who you are or even sayhello.Email，too，is slower than a text.The worst are those who leavea voice mail and then
34、send an email message to tell you they left avoice mail.AThen there is voice mail.BOthers，like me，want no reply.CBut people still ask these things.DDont these people realize that theyre wasting your time?EWont new technology bring about changes in our daily life?FFacetoface communication makes compr
35、ehension much easier.GWhen the telephone was invented，people didnt know how to greet a caller.分析 此题可用词汇复现线索法解题。根据段中“.who leave a voice mail.they left a voice mail.”可知，段首要引出voice mail，下文才能对其进行介绍。故选A。阅读七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。刷题组题型突破_即时演练_巩固复习成果A(2020福建三校高三联考)Everyone complains.Ev
36、en if you arguethat you are the happiest person in the world，you still complainsometimes.Sometimes you complain without even realizing it，butrarely is it ever helpful._1_ Here are some tips to stop complainingand give up the negative thoughts._2_When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative c
37、omment about something or someone，stop and force yourself to say something positive instead.Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation.Make a list of things you are grateful for.You often complain about the things you dont hav
38、e without noticing those things you already have.Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves._3_Learn to adapt to the changes.There are many things you cant change._4_Always find the positive side of each situation，regardless of however difficult the
39、situation is.With parents and friends support，you can survive any life changes.Allow yourself to vent(发泄)your feelings every once in a while.Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up.If you are really going through a rough time，dont be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or fa
40、mily member or see a therapist.Find what makes you happy._5_Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career.Uncover what your biggest complaints are about and see if you can change the situation to make you happy.Choose happiness，focus on the positive，and be kind alway
41、s!AChange the way you think.BMake friends with positive people.CThe best and only thing you can do is to accept them.DAre you constantly complaining about your present job?ESometimes this list can be easy，full of hobbies you enjoy.FSo how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining?GSet do
42、wn things you are thankful for and youll see that you dont have any reason to complain.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了停止抱怨的方法和策略。1解析：根据下文“Here are some tips to stop complaining and giveup the negative thoughts.”可推知，空处应是表述如何停止抱怨，所以选F。答案：F2解析：根据文章结构及空处所在位置可知，空处为本段的标题。根据下文对本段的整体理解可知，本段主要讲的是改变思考方式，所以选A。答案：A3解析：根据本段
43、的标题Make a list of things you are grateful for.并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，G选项“把你所感激的事情写下来，然后你就会发现没有理由抱怨了”符合语境。答案：G4解析：根据上文“There are many things you cant change.”，并结合下文“Always find the positive side of each situation，regardlessof however difficult the situation is.”可推知，在不能改变的情况下，接受并适应改变才是上策，与本段标题Learn to adapt t
44、o thechanges.呼应，所以选C。答案：C5解析：根据下文“Maybe it is time to make the hard decision tomove on to another job or career.”并结合本文的关键词complain可推知，此处表示对自己的工作不满，所以选D。答案：DB(2020潍坊统考)The Science of Talking with Your PreschoolerLanguage is the fullest and most useful way of communication，and we can teach young child
45、ren how to use language by engagingtheminconversations._1_.Therearethreemainconversationtechniques that parents can use to help their preschoolers developimportant oral language skills._2_The more details that are added in a conversation，the more opportunities the young child has to learn new words.
46、Listen closely to what the child is talking about，and then explain it further to help a preschooler expand language.Interact by asking questions and telling answers that are meaningful to the childs interests._3_It also gives preschoolers opportunities to use the new words.By asking different types
47、of questions like who，where，why，what，how and when，young children are encouraged to use their own words and express their own ideas.Help young children learn to use their language to consider and solve a problem.By“wondering aloud”，an adult models his thinking process and exposes preschoolers to curi
48、osity and the abstract uses of language.“Wondering aloud”is simply saying out loud what you are thinking._4_，you can involve your children in what you are doing and demonstrate how to think through a problem to come to a conclusion.Strong oral language skills developed during the preschool years wil
49、l help a childs success with later reading comprehension in school.Engaging your young children in rich conversations can help them build important language skills._5_AIf gestures are addedBBy expressing your thoughts in wordsCClearly explain new words and add detailsDIt can also help you and your c
50、hildren to have fun togetherEHaving good conversations with preschoolers is a“science”FEmploy simple words to make abstract thoughts easier to understandGSuch practice helps a child maintain interest in a topic or an activity语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要对如何科学地和学龄前儿童谈话进行了简要的说明。1解析：空处承接上文“Language is the fullest a
51、nd most usefulway of communication，and we can teach young children how to uselanguage by engaging them in conversations.”，且与文章标题TheScience of Talking with Your Preschooler呼应，所以选E项。答案：E2 解 析：根 据 下 文“The more details that are added in aconversation，the more opportunities the young child has to learn n
52、ewwords.”可推知，C项符合语境。答案：C3解析：结合上文“Interact by asking questions and telling answersthat are meaningful to the childs interests.”，且空处与下文“It alsogives preschoolers opportunities to use the new words.”呼应可知，此处应是讲这样做的益处，选项G符合语境。答案：G4解析：根据上文“Wondering aloud is simply saying out loudwhat you are thinking.”可推知，此处应是说通过语言将想法表达出来，所以选B项。答案：B5解析：根据空前一句“Engaging your young children.buildimportant language skills.”可推知，此处应是讲和学龄前儿童谈话的益处，所以选D项。答案：D
