1、Unit 4Earthquakes核心单词earthquakequakeburstevent1._ n.地震_ n.震动；地震2._ vi.爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发3._ n.事件；大事4._ n.国家；民族；国民_ adj.国家的；民族的；全国的_ n.国籍5._ n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产_adj.(建筑物)毁坏了的；严重受损的nationnationalnationalityruinruined6._ n.苦难；痛苦_ vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历_ n.患者；受难者7._ adj.极度的_ adv.极其；非常8._ vt.损害；伤害_ adj.受伤的_n.伤害，损害；受伤9
2、._ n.幸存者；生还者；残存物_ vt.&vi.幸存；存活下来_ n.生存；存活；幸存10._ vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭_ n.破坏者；毁灭者_ n.破坏；毁灭sufferingsuffersuffererextremeextremelyinjureinjuredinjurysurvivorsurvivesurvivaldestroydestroyerdestruction11._ adj.无用的；无效的；无益的_ adj.有用的uselessusefulshockshocking12._ vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊_ adj.令人震惊的_ adj.震惊的13._ n.
3、&vt.援救；营救_ n.救援者14._ vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境15._ n.电；电流；电学_ adj.电的；带电的_ adj.用电的；与电有关的16._ n.灾难；灾祸17._ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏shockedrescuerescuertrapelectricityelectricelectricaldisasterbury18._ n.矿；矿山；矿井_ n.矿工19._ n.&vt.损失；损害20._ vt.使惊吓；吓唬_ adj.受惊的；受恐吓的_ adj.令人恐惧的_ n.惊吓；吓唬21._ n.祝贺；(复数)贺词_v.祝贺22._ adv.真诚地；真挚地_ adj.真诚的
4、；真挚的mineminerdamagen.快车；速递_23._ vt.表示；表达n.表达；表情frightenfrightenedfrighteningfrightsincerelysincerecongratulationcongratulateexpressexpression常考短语1._ away 立刻；马上2._ if 仿佛；好像3.at an _ 结束；终结4.in _ 严重受损；破败不堪5._ out 掘出；发现6.a(great)_ of 许多；大量的7.be _ of 以而自豪8._ away from 从逃离9._ money 筹钱；募捐rightasendruinsdig
5、numberproudgetraise经典佳句Whatdoyouthink1._ _ _ _ will happenbefore an earthquake?发生地震前你认为会发生什么事？2.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were_ _ _ _.农场里的鸡和猪太恐慌以至不吃东西。toonervoustoeat3.It _ _ _ the world was at anend！仿佛到了世界末日！seemedasif4.All hope _ _ lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。wasnotwhosehomes5.Workers b
6、uilt shelters for survivors _ _had been destroyed.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。课文回顾A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28,1976,in which thousands of people died and many 1._(injure).Many houses fell down and sand filled the wells instead2._ water.People were 3._(great)shocked.All theelec
7、tricity in the city was cut off and people began to wonder howlong the disaster 4._(will)last.The whole city wascompletely 5._(destroy)and the world seemed at an end.The people of Tangshan didnt lose hope 6._ 150,000soldiers were sent to help the rescue workers.The soldiers triedwere injuredofgreatl
8、ywoulddestroyedbecausetheir best to dig out those who 7._(trap).They alsobuilt shelters for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city byevery means.Slowly,the city began to come back 8._ life.It was said that before the quake,strange things werehappening in the countryside.The water in the vil
9、lage 9._(well)rose and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noiseswere heard in the sky,but people 10._(think)littleof them.were trappedtowellsthought单句语法填空were usedtrappedinjuredshocked1.(2017 年新课标卷语法填空)Steam engines _(use)to pull the carriages.2.Thousands of soldiers were sent there to rescue
10、 those_(trap)in the building.3.(2018 年北京卷阅读理解 A)One of my ankles was _(injure)and this meant not running for two weeks.4.Kate was deeply _(shock)to hear of his suddendeath.5.He is a person who thinks little _ his own interest.6.Hearing the news,the girl rushed to the school right _.7.The earthquake
11、left the whole town _ ruins.8.(2017 年北京卷 单项填空)Peter,please send us postcards_ well know where you have visited.9.(2018 年新课标卷阅读理解 A)Explore the monumentsand memorials on the _(nation)Mall as your guideshares unique facts and history at each stop.10.It was a _(frighten)night.ofawayinsoNationalfrighten
12、ing1.burst vi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发burst forth 突然出现；突然爆发出；突然喊出a burst of laughter 一阵笑声burst in on sb./sth.闯进；打断，扰乱(某人或某事)burst into tears/laughter/flamesburst out crying/laughing/burning 突然大哭/大笑/燃烧burst into(a room)闯进(房间)易混辨析burst 和 breakburst 和 break 都指“打破；破裂”，burst 强调因为内部力量而爆发、破裂；break 则强调从外
13、部去打破。运用单句语法填空intocryinglaughter(1)He burst _ my room without knocking at the door,which made me very angry.(2)She burst out _(cry)for a while,and burst into_(laugh)for another moment,which left us at a loss.2.injure vt.损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的the injured 伤员injury n.伤害；损伤do sb.an injurydo an injury to sb
14、.伤害某人写作佳句(1)If you injure conscience，it will have its revenge on you.伤害良心，将受到良心的严惩。(2)(2017 年新课标卷 阅读理解 D)These chemicals comefrom the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.这些化学物质来自植物的受伤部位，(对周围的植物)好像是一种警报。易混辨析injure,hurt,damage,harm 和 wound(1)injure 指在意外事故中受伤。(2)hurt 强调精神或情感上受伤害或肉体疼痛。也可指
15、因为自身原因而身体上受伤。(3)damage 通常指物体有所损失。(4)harm 指对身体有损害，比较常用。(5)wound 一般指刀伤、枪伤等外伤。运用用上面的辨析词的适当形式填空(1)What you said _ him deeply.(2)The soldier received a _ in the leg.(3)The child was badly _ in the accident.(4)The sunlight will _ your skin.(5)Last summer,a hailstorm _ ten square kilometersof good lands.hu
16、rtwoundinjuredharmdamaged3.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使陷入；沉浸；覆盖bury sth.in.把某物埋在 bury oneself in.埋头于，专心于 be buried in sth./doing sth.专心于(做)某事联想发散表示“埋头做”的表达有：be devoted to sth./doing sth.;be absorbed in sth./doing sth.;be occupied with sth./in doing sth.等。运用用 bury 的适当形式填空(1)He walked slowly with his hand _(bur
17、y)in hispocket.buriedburyingwas buriedBurying(2)The girl was sitting on the bench in the park,_(bury)her head in the book in her hands.(3)They think she _(bury)in the desert,alongwith a few others.(4)_(bury)himself in study,he wasnt aware thatall the others had left.4.rescue n.&vt.援救；营救in a rescue 在
18、营救中come to ones rescue/the rescue of sb.给予某人援助rescue services/workers 救援工作/人员rescue sb./sth.from sb./sth.从营救 联想发散表示“给予某人帮助”可用 come to ones rescue/aid/assistance/help 等表达。运用完成句子，每空一词(1)抢救人员冲向飞机坠毁的现场。_ _ rushed to the site of the plane crash.(2)他从失火的建筑物内救出了三个孩子。He _ three children _ the burning buildi
19、ng.(3)他从桥上跳入水中去营救那个溺水儿童。He dived off the bridge and came to the _ _the drowning child.Rescueworkersrescuedfromrescueof5.ruin n.废墟；毁灭v.毁坏；使破产come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料)衰落，败落bring.to ruin 使失败；使毁坏be/lie in ruins 成为废墟ruin sb./sth./oneself 毁坏某人/某物/某人自己写作佳句Wasting time doing nothing is to ruin ourselves.无所
20、事事就是自我毁灭。运用单句语法填空to ruinhimself(1)(2018 年新课标 卷 七选五型阅读理解)Who wouldwant _(ruin)their good workout by eating junk food?(2)Drunk driving not only ruined _(he)but alsokilled several passers-by.1.right away 立刻；马上right now 此时；立即at once 立刻；立即immediately 立即；马上；直接地in no time 马上；立即；即将without delay 及时；赶快；立刻用法指引
21、(1)right now 既表示“立刻；马上”，也可表示“现在”。(2)at once 既表示“立刻；马上”，还可表示“同时”。(3)immediately 既是副词，也可用作连词，引导从句，相当于 as soon as。运用完成句子，每空一词(1)他没有马上回答我的问题。He didnt answer my question _ _.(2)我马上还书。Ill return the book _ _.(3)(2018 年浙江卷完形填空)我到家的时候，只有几个小时 用来做作业，我必须马上开始做作业。By the time I got home,I only had a few hours to
22、do myhomework,and I had to do it _ _.(4)一吃完茶点，他就匆忙起身外出。_ he had finished tea,he rose to go outhurriedly.right/right/ataway/now/oncerightaway/nowrightImmediatelynow/away2.at an end 结束；终结come/draw to an end 结束；完结make an end of sth.put an end to sth.结束或终结某事物in the end 最后；终于at the end of 在末尾；在结束时by the
23、end of 到结束时；到末尾时without end 永远的；没有完结的end in(doing)sth.以(做)某事结束或告终end to end 头并头，尾并尾；首尾衔接end up doing sth.结束；完事；最终做某事end(up)with 以结束用法指引toanendanat an end 常用作表语，表示“完了；了结”。运用同义句转换，每空一词The meeting was at an end.The meeting _ _ _ _.(come)We _ the meeting _ _ _.(bring)We _ _ _ _ the meeting./We_ the meet
24、ing _ _ _.(put)putanendtoputtoanendcamebroughttoend3.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪；毁灭lie/be in ruins 成为废墟come/get to ruin 毁灭；落空bring sth.to ruin 使毁灭；使落空fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败get ruined 毁坏ruin oneself 毁掉自己用法指引与 harm，destroy 相比较，ruin 是指破坏最严重的，几乎无法复原的，既指对城市、建筑物的破坏，也指对人的方方面面的破坏、毁坏。运用单句语法填空ruinsyourselfruined(1)Wit
25、h time going on,the castle which once was verybeautiful is now completely in _(ruin).(2)If youre addicted to computer games,youll ruin _(you)at last.(3)If you go on like this,what you have got will get _(ruin).4.a(great)number of 许多；大量的in number 总共；在数字上the number of 的数量/目to the number of 合计数为 联想发散表示
26、“许多”的短语可分为三类：(1)修饰可数名词：a large/great/good number of,a good/greatmany,quite a few,dozens of,scores of,many a单数可数名词。(2)修饰不可数名词：a good/great deal of,a large amount of,quite a little。(3)修饰可数或不可数名词：a lot of,lots of,a large quantityof,large quantities of,plenty of。易混辨析a(great)number of 和 the number of(1)a
27、(great)number of 意为“许多；大量的”，后面常跟复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)the number of 意为“的数量/目”，后面也跟复数可数名词，但谓语动词用单数形式。运用用 be 动词的适当形式填空(1)The number of teachers present at the meeting _200.is/wasare/were(2)A number of teachers _ present at the meeting.完成句子，每空一词(3)我向那儿的孩子捐献了许多书。I gave away _ _ _ _ booksto the children th
28、ere.agreatnumberof(4)我们学校学生的数量从 1000 名增加到 1500 多名。_ _ _ the students in our school hasgrown from 1,000 to more than 1,500.Thenumberof原句 1 Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠跑出田地，寻找地方躲藏。looking for places to hide 为现在分词(短语)在句中做伴随状语，表示其动作与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或与主语构成主动关系。运用单句语法填空doingreadin
29、gfeaturing(1)I enjoyed myself in the ocean of knowledge，either _(do)research for my papers or _(read)special editionbooks.(2)Impression West Lake _(feature)the localculture of Hangzhou and unique charm of West Lake,is one ofChinas Top Seven Shows.原句 2 It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日
30、！(1)as ifas though 意为“仿佛；好像”，既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导表语从句。当说话者认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气，其动词时态的形式如下：从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”；从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。(2)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实或极有可能发生的情况，从句使用陈述语气。(3)如果所引导的从句的主语与主句的主语相同，而且含有be 动词时，从句可以省略主语跟 be 动词，直接接表语(名词、形容词、不定式、介
31、词短语或分词等)。运用单句语法填空had doneto saywere broken(1)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking tome as if I _(do)it?(2)He opened his mouth as if(he were)_(say)something.(3)When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it_(break).原句 3 Thousands of families were killed and many childrenwere
32、 left without parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许许多多的孩子变成了孤儿。were left without parents 是被动结构，without parents 是介词短语，在句中做主语的补语，表示主语的状态。此处使用的是“leave sb./sth.宾语补足语”结构，可做宾语补足语的词有分词、不定式、介词短语、形容词和副词等。运用单句语法填空openhomelessseated(1)He came in,leaving the door _(open).(2)The young couple were killed in the accident,leaving tw
33、ochildren _(home).(3)All the students have gone,leaving him _(seat)alone in the classroom.(4)Our teacher went away angrily and left some questions_(answer).unanswered运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵下来At 3：42 a.m.everything began to shake.It seemed as if theworld was at an end！Eleven kilometers 1._(direct)bel
34、owthe city,and the 2._ (great)earthquake of the 20thcentury have begun.It was felt in Beijing,3._ is more thantwo hundred kilometers away.One third of the nation felt it.A hugecrack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut4._ houses,roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in thegrou
35、nd.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terribledirectlygreatestwhichacrossseconds a large city 5._(lie)in ruins.The suffering of thepeople 6._ (be)extreme.Two-thirds of them died or7._(injure)during the earthquake.Thousands offamilies were killed and many 8._(child)were leftwithout p
36、arents.9._ number of people who were killed orseriously injured reached more than 400,000.Then,later thatafternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan.More buildings felldown.Water,food,and electricity were hard 10._(get).People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.laywaswere injuredchildrenTheto get
