1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家【2014考纲解读】动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。其考点主要包括：1考查动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。2考查动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的辨 析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词副词介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get，turn，make，
2、put，go，give，break， cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold， fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take等。高考对动词、动词短语的考查，除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如：polish抛光， 磨光(本意)修正，文饰(引申); sniff嗅，闻(本意)鄙视地说，嗤之以鼻(引申); stir移动，搅拌(本意)煽动(引申); break down发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申)，同时还有“恸哭”之意； look into向里面看(本意)调查， 研究(引申)，同时还
3、有“浏览”之意； work out的基本意思为“解决， 算出， 制订出”，较生意思为“锻炼”。3.考查系动词、半系动词用法。动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。此外，一些无被动语态形式的“个性”动词(短语)也是学习的重点，如belong to(属于)，witness (见证，目击)等。201
4、4年高考命题仍然会坚持结合语境考查考生对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用能力，尤其是动词短语的新义、动词的一词多义等。【重点知识梳理】考点一：高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1injure，hurt，wound，destroyinjure一般指在意外事故中受伤hurt是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害wound常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害destroy一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。2beat，hi
5、t，strike，defeat，winbeat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”hit表示对准目标打一下，强调击中strike表示突然性或一次性的击打defeat(beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体win是“(在中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词Our team beat the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。The tower was s
6、truck by lightning.该塔被闪电击中了。He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。3adopt，attach，adapt，adjustadoptvt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养attachvt. 把附(在上)；重视attach much importance to. 非常重视adaptvt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于adjustvt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于This kind of desk can be adjusted to
7、 the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。Parents attach much importance t
8、o education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。考点二：高考常考的动词短语辨析1breakbreak away from. 脱离，奋力挣脱break down 出故障，累垮，分解break in 打断，插话，强行进入break into. 闯入，破门而入break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break through 突围，冲破，突破break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开If you go on work
9、ing like that, you will break down sooner or later.如果你继续像那样工作，迟早你会累垮的。2bringbring about 引起，导致，使发生bring in 引进(技术)，赚钱，带来(收入)bring up 抚养，培养，哺育bring down/up (the price) 使降低，减少，降价/提价比较：(prices) go down/up (价格)下降/上涨bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出The government has taken measures to bring down the high price
10、s of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。3callcall at (someplace) 访问(某地)，拜访(某地)比较：call on(sb.) 拜访(某人)，访问(某人)call back 回电话call in 请来，召集call off 取消call on/upon 号召call up 给打电话，使人想起call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories
11、of her childhood.孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。4comecome about 发生，产生come across 偶然相遇come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发(芽)，(花)开come up 被提出，上来，走近，上升，长出来come up with. 提出，想出(主意)，找出(答案)，赶上come into being 形成come into use 投入使用If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assis
12、tant to reduce the price.如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服务员降价。在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。6givegive away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发give in 投降，让步，屈服give back 归还，送回give off 释放，放出(烟、光、热等)give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放give up 放弃，辞去He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam, but the look on his face gave himse
13、lf away.他说他对期末考试的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。Id hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。9looklook back on. 回顾，回忆look on 旁观，观望look into. 往里面看，浏览，调查look out 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up仰视，往上看，(在字典或参考书中)查阅，查询The authorit
14、ies will look into the case further before they can come to a conclusion about it.官方要对此案做进一步调查才能得出结论。11putput away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存put down 扑灭，镇压，记下put forward 提出，建议put off 延期，拖延put on (戏)上演，穿上，戴上put out 扑灭，熄灭，出版，生产put up 挂起，张贴，搭起，建立put up with 忍受，容忍Why do we have to put up with Susans selfish behavior
15、? We have to teach her to care for others.为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为？我们得教她关心别人。He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night。他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。考点三：动词的熟词生义很多动词都有些平
16、时考试中很少考到的用法，出题人往往在此处设陷阱。1address vt. 向发表演说；直接向说话(熟义：n.地址 v. 写地址)It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。2act vi. 起作用(熟义：行动)It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.药物需要几分钟起作用。3drive v. 迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义；驾驶)Hunger drove her to steal.饥饿迫使她偷窃。4escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：
17、v. 逃跑；逃脱)His name escapes me for the moment.此刻我忘记了他的名字。 9admit vt. 允许进入，容纳(熟义：承认)The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.仆人打开门，并请我进去。The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.这个剧场只能容纳一千人。10back vt. 支持(熟义：n.背，后面)Many of his friends backed his plan.他的许多朋友支持他的计划。11count vi. 重要；vt. 认为 熟义：
18、数(数目)Every minute counts.每分每秒都重要。On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.总的说来，她自认为还是一个幸运的妻子。 16figure v. 认为，想像(熟义：n.数字；雕塑，人物)She figured that she would be next.她认为她可能就是下一个。17fine v. & n. 罚款(熟义：adj. 好的，晴朗的)He was fined $200.他被罚了200美元。18head v. 动身去(熟义：头)The ship was heading for Shanghai.这艘船开
19、往上海。19jump n. & vi. (大幅度)上涨(熟义：跳)Last week the price of goods jumped.上周物价急剧上涨。20lay vt. 向提出；制定(熟义：放，摆设，生蛋)The prisoner laid an escape plan.那个囚犯制定了一个越狱计划。【高频考点突破】 【解析】B句意：“这座城市如此美丽啊！我喜爱它。”“我也是。这座城市的特征得到了很好的保存。” preserve意为“保护，保存”，符合题意。qualify有资格；decorate装饰；simplify简化。考点二、考查动词短语辨析例2、（2013江西卷）She _ the
20、carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.A. connected Bfitted C. equipped Dmatched【变式探究】（2013福建卷）Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks _in disasters.A. turn down Bturn outC. break down D. break out【变式探究】（2013江苏卷）Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avo
21、id the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.Aget over Blook over Ctake over Dcome over考点三、近义动词或形近动词辨析例3. Those who want to say anything more _ your hand and then _ to speak.Aarise; raise Braise; riseCraise; arouse Drise; raise（2013浙江）12.A good listener takes part in the conversation,_ ideas
22、 and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.A.realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding（2013浙江）9.When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to _it with important points.A.conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold（2013大纲卷）22. Would you like to with us to the film tonight?A. come a
23、longB. come offC. come acrossD. come through（2013湖北卷)22. Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.A. difference B. comparison C. connection D. barrier（2013江苏卷)33. With inspiration from other food
24、cultures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.A. shareB. chanceC. turnD. lead（2013江苏卷)29. Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.A. get overB. look overC. take overD. come over（2013江苏卷)23. The town is
25、so beautiful! I just love it.Me too. The character of the town is well _.A. qualifiedB. preservedC. decoratedD. simplified（2013江西卷)27.Mother always complains that children _ their shoes very quickly.A. find outB. wash outC. wear outD. set out（2013辽宁卷)31.Hard is feeling uncomfortable.He _ too much at
26、 the party last night.A.could drink B.should drink C.would have drunk D.must have drunk【2012江西卷】30We were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.AmakeBturnCtakeDhave【2012全国II】12. We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set about B.
27、set up C. set out D. set down【2012浙江卷】15.Armed with the information you have gathered, you can_ preparing your business plan.A. set outB. set aboutC. set offD. set up【2012浙江卷】12.According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to_from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.A. differ
28、B. shrinkC. failD. decline【2012湖北卷】21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to _ our schools campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years agoA. sponsorB. launchC. organize D. plan【2012湖北卷】22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and
29、 comments on my paper and _ every page of my draft.A. approvedB. quotedC. polishedD. folded【2012湖北卷】23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage.A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up（2011江苏卷,30You look upset. Whats the matter？ I had my proposal _ again.Aturned over Bturned o
30、n Cturned off Dturned down（2011江苏卷,28Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.AdenyBrefuseCrejectDdecline（2011福建卷,28Id prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve（2011安徽卷,21As the story_, the truth about the strange figure
31、 is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops（2011湖北卷,27The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult（2011湖北卷,28Clinical evidence began to_, suggesting that the new drugs had a wid
32、er range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. accumulate（2011辽宁卷,22What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre to be asleep. ,A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered（2011辽宁卷,24You are old enough to your own living.A.win B
33、. gain C. take D. earn（2011浙江卷,6The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose Ill just have to _it,A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with（2011湖北卷,29The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down（2011辽宁卷,26The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away（2011江西卷35You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out. - 18 - 版权所有高考资源网
