1、第二讲 完形填空解题技巧 专题三 完形填空 做真题感悟高考_真题体验_透视命题规律(2020新高考全国卷)Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second _21_He learned the value and beauty of _22_ there from a very young age.When he was 16,Molai began to notice something _23_ happening around his ho
2、me.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _24_ it caused had driven away a number of birds._25_,the number of snakes had declined as well.He _26_ that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the _27_The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek
3、 _28_ during the daytime.He turned to the _29_ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However,Molai went looking on his own and _30_ a nearby island where he began to plant trees._31_ young plants in the dry season was _32_ for a lone boy.Molai built at the _33_ of each sapli
4、ng(幼树)a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to _34_ rainwater.The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai _35_ to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturallygrown land that has become home to many plants and animals.语篇解
5、读 主题:人与自然(环境保护)。话题:保护湿地。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了在湿地附近的村庄长大的16岁的印度男孩Molai所发现的在湿地发生的令人不安的事情:鸟飞走,蛇的数量下降。为了改变这一现状,Molai决定植树,经过37年不懈的努力,终于使湿地变成了森林。文章倡导人们关注自然生态并保护环境,意在提高人们与自然和谐共处的意识。21A.dream BjobChome Dchoice解析:上文语境题。根据前一句句意“Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大”可知,这里是他的第一个“家”。村庄附近的湿地就是他的第二个“家”(home)。此处把“湿地”比喻为Molai的“第二个家”,说明他对湿地的热
6、爱。dream梦想;job工作;choice选择。答案:C22A.nature ByouthCculture Dknowledge解析:上文语境题。根据上一句中的wetlands(湿地)可知,他了解到的是“自然”nature(湿地是自然的一部分)的价值和美。句意:在他很小的时候,他就在那儿了解到了自然的价值和美。youth青年;culture文化;knowledge知识。答案:A23A.preciousBinterestingCdisturbingDawkward解析:下文语境题。根据下文可知,洪水造成的破坏使得鸟和蛇的数量减少,这些现象是“令人不安的”(disturbing)。句意:当Mol
7、ai 16岁的时候,他开始注意到在他家附近有一些令人不安的事情发生了。precious宝贵的,珍贵的;interesting有趣的;awkward尴尬的,棘手的。答案:C24A.wasteBtensionCpainDdamage解析:上文语境题。根据前半句句意“洪水在那年初袭击了那个地区”可知,是洪水造成的“破坏”(damage)使得大量的鸟飞走。waste浪费;tension紧张;pain痛苦。答案:D25A.BesidesBHoweverCThereforeDOtherwise解析:语意逻辑题。根据上文可知,鸟飞走是洪水带来的破坏所造成的负面影响,“除此之外”(besides),蛇的数量也
8、下降了。此处表示语意上的递进,故用besides。however然而;therefore因此;otherwise否则。答案:A26A.agreed BrealizedCremembered Dpredicted解析:下文语境题。由下文提到的“是因为没有足够多的树来保护”可知,这是他“意识到”(realize)的原因。agree同意;remember记得;predict预测。答案:B27A.noise BheatCdisease Ddust解析:下文语境题。这则故事发生在印度,因此这儿的温度常年都很高。再结合后面的干燥的季节(dry season)可知,应该是保护鸟和蛇免受“高温、炎热”的侵袭。
9、noise噪音;disease疾病;dust灰尘。答案:B28A.directions BpartnersChelp Dshelter解析:上文语境题。根据上文可知,问题是没有足够多的树,那么由此推断,解决这一问题的方式就是种树,这样动物们在白天的时候就可以找到“庇护处,遮蔽物”(shelter)。direction方向;partner同伴;help帮助。答案:D29A.labor BpoliceCforest Dfinance解析:上文语境题。上文说Molai想种树,因此他寻求帮助的部门应该是与此相关的部门。句意:他向森林(forest)部门寻求帮助,却被告知那里什么都种不了。labor劳动
10、;police警察;finance财政。答案:C30A.rebuilt BdiscoveredCleft Dmanaged解析:上下文语境题。句意:然而,Molai没有放弃,他开始自己去寻找,“发现”(discover)了附近的一个岛,并开始在那里种树。rebuild重建;leave离开;manage设法做成,管理。答案:B31A.Decorating BObservingCWatering DGuarding解析:下文语境题。根据本段的最后一句“水会滴落在下面的植物上”可知,在干燥的季节,给小树“浇水”(water)是很难的。decorate装饰;observe观察;guard保卫。答案:C
11、32A.toughBillegalCfantasticDbeneficial解析:下文语境题。从a lone boy可知,对于独自一个人干活的小男孩来说,给小树浇水是“很难的”(tough)。illegal违法的;fantastic极好的;beneficial有益的。答案:A33A.backBtopCfootDside解析:下文语境题。根据本段的最后一句可知,植物在下面(theplants below),因此Molai建的竹子做的平台应该在小树的“上面”(top)。句意:Molai在每棵幼树的上面建了一个竹子做的平台back后面;foot底部;side旁边,侧面。答案:B34A.cool do
12、wn Bkeep offCpurify Dcollect解析:上下文语境题。Molai在每棵幼树的上面建了一个竹子做的平台,平台上面放着带有小孔的陶罐,这些陶罐是用来“收集”(collect)雨水的。然后雨水就会滴落在下面的小树上。cool down冷却下来;keep off远离;purify净化。答案:D35A.returnedBlearnedCfailedDcontinued解析:下文语境题。Molai种树一直“持续”(continue)了37年。return回到;learn学习;fail失败。答案:D题型分为句内层次题、句组层次题、语篇层次题等三个层次,以句内层次题和句组层次题为主,语篇
13、层次题为辅,较难的语篇层次题仅有3道左右。完形填空本不难,把握主旨最关键。首句特别要重视,信息丰富莫小看。考题在手先别忙,急于做题太慌乱。从头到尾读全文,空格暂且放一边。脑中形成一幅画,紧扣中心不走偏。纵使有误也正常,不会连错一大片。若不清楚重来过,这样不算费时间。毕竟目标在高分,符合正确效率观。一、5大方法速判句内层次题解题信息分布在本句内,在读懂文义的前提下,利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接作答。对于此类题目,可边读边填,将原文信息尽量复原。研题型解锁疑难_题型突破_揭示命题热点1利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式,这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题
14、。(2020高考全国卷节选)That taught me a valuable _54_ and I pass it on to the people who 55.work in the market.Dont take it 56.personallyIf a customer is rude or difficult,just think“Maybe shes had a row with her husband.Maybe her childs not 57.well.”54A.lesson BtrickCskillDtrade分析 固定搭配题。结合下文作者的认识可知,这件事给作者上了
15、宝贵的一课(lesson)。teach sb.a lesson表示“给某人一个教训”。(2019高考全国卷节选).Wednesday,residents(居民)of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine:A rowof reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to _48_48A.repairBriskCrestDuse分析 固定搭配题。根据上文“A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside w
16、ere put to.”可知,在附近的山坡上安装的一排反射板被投入使用。put to use“投入使用”,固定搭配。答案核查 54.A 48.D2利用生活常识和文化背景解题完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。(2019高考天津卷节选)I was ready to pay for mybananas at the grocery one night,when fear seized m
17、e.My wallet wasgone.I could only have left it on the G9 bus,which was now speedingin the dark to some _16_ station.16A.accessibleBhiddenCunknownDconvenient分析 背景常识题。根据常识可知,作者把钱包遗忘在公交车上了,现在公交车在夜幕中正疾驰着去哪一个车站作者是不知道的。答案核查 C3利用对应成分分析法解题完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系,它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知
18、填空相对应的已知成分,将它作为线索,通过它推断出未知填空的答案。(2019高考浙江卷节选)Whats 47.particularly interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchets cause.Berlin has been the _48_ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There,he had to 49.ask at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding f
19、ood.The 50.challenge is all the more serious when you consider the 51.demanding exercise required to bike from France to Poland.48A.easiest BnearestCbiggestDrichest分析 本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。was the Czech town of Pilsen.根据空后的“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知,空处应该是与最困难的作对比,因此柏林是最容易的(e
20、asiest)。答案核查 A4利用逻辑关系解题此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案,主要应用于完形填空的两类题型:一是考查连接词和起连接作用的短语,二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。(2020高考全国卷节选).Theyll have out half the45.goods in the shop,and want the only style you dont have left in a_46_ colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can get,but I try topersuade them to keep 47.s
21、miling46A.particularBdifferentCmatchingDnatural分析 逻辑关系题。根据上文的want the only style可知,店员拿出很多商品,但他们想要店里没有的特定(particular)颜色的。different不同的;matching相同的,相配的;natural自然的。答案核查 A5利用语境暗示分析法解题上下文语境具体体现:全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中,我们通常可以通过上下文语境,即根据已知信息,推出正确答案。(2019高考全国卷节选).Ehlers 41.thought about
22、the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.He had43.tried to coax(哄)the dog to him but,frightened,it had _44_44A.calmed downBstood upCrolled overDrun off分析 语境暗示题。根据并列连词but以及形容词frightened可知小狗被吓跑了,run off逃跑。答案核查 D二、4大方法智取句组层次题句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在空格前后的信息中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合前后信息解答。即本句信息不
23、足填,空格前后再找信息源。1利用语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的复现来选择正确的答案。(2020高考全国卷节选)As a businesswoman,I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection,_41_ can also drive you mad.Theyll come rushing in,42.sa
24、ying their handbags been stolen.41A.shopkeepers BcustomersCsalespersons Dreceptionists分析 词义复现题。根据上一句可知,作者非常关心顾客,下文举例说明了顾客的一些挑剔行为,结合but可知,此处是指顾客(customer)有时也会让人抓狂。shopkeeper店主;salesperson售货员;receptionist接待员。(2019高考江苏卷节选)Chris and Tim work at a zoo,helping endangered cranes with their 38.reproduction.
25、Emma,afemale crane,has been in their _39_ since she arrived in 2004.Born at an international crane foundation,Emma was 40.raised byhuman caretakers.39A.careBeyeCmindDstory分析 词义复现题。自从2004年,Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顾。该空和下一段中的“human caretakers”呼应。答案核查 41.B 39.A2利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在高考完形填空文章中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中,仔细找出能够
26、反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定一些题目的正确答案。(2019高考全国卷节选)Every year about 40,000people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain inAfrica.They 41.bringwith them lots of waste.The 42.crowdsmightdamage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing,chan
27、ging the 43.face of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,Im _44_ about the placeotherdestinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.44A.silentBskepticalCseriousDcrazy分析 本题可以利用作者感情色彩关联解题。第一段谈到大批登山者给乞力马扎罗山带来了很多的垃圾,人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。冰川正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验,所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏这一情况表示怀疑。由下
28、文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,作者想解开这个疑问。(2016高考四川卷节选)Aunt Dede,a teacher,hadread the book to her students,and they loved it.44.Even the youngestchildren in the class were 45.attracted by the story.They 46.listenedwith great interest,and then _47_ joined in grand conversationsabout Harrys adventures.47A.suspecte
29、dlyBanxiouslyCcalmlyDenthusiastically分析 态度关联题。根据前文中的动词loved,were attracted以及介词短语with great interest的提示可知,47题的感情色彩是积极向上的,所以47题选择enthusiastically“热情地”。答案核查 44.B 47.D3利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。(2020高考全国卷节选)I remember the first really _48_ customer we had at Covent Garden.She was 49.displeasedw
30、ith absolutely everything,nothing was right and I was rather 50.surprised that she became a“regular”.48A.generous BpoliteCcarelessDdifficult分析 逻辑关系题。根据下文“.absolutely everything,nothingwas right.”可知,此处举例说出作者曾经遇到过的一个难对付的(difficult)顾客。generous慷慨的;polite有礼貌的;careless粗心的。答案核查D4利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往
31、也需要通过上下文语境,即根据已知信息,推出正确答案。(2019高考全国卷节选).He had 43.tried to coax(哄)the dog to him but,frightened,it had 44.run_offBack home,Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So,four days later,he called his friend Greg,and the two drove 46.backAfter a long and careful 47._search,Greg saw,across a field,the dog
32、 moving _48_ away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joyIt just started licking(舔)Ehlers face.48A.cautiouslyBcasuallyCskillfullyDangrily分析 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据文中提到的frightened,nervousness,fear等词可知,那条狗受到惊吓,感到紧张不安和恐惧,因此当Greg看到它的时候,它正小心谨慎地移动
33、。cautiously谨慎地,小心地。答案核查 A三、坚持“一原则”,活用“三方法”,力争语篇层次题不丢分一原则不急于解答,读完全文后综合思考再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇,因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答,要跨越段落,顺藤摸瓜,仔细比对,最终得出答案。具体来说,可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。三方法方法1 利用语义复现解题在语篇层次题中,我们同样可以利用语义复现解题。(2019高考天津卷节选)I was ready to pay for mybananas at the grocery one night,when fear seized me.My wallet wasg
34、one.I could only have left it on the G9 bus,which was now speedingin the dark to some 16.unknown station.The _17_ moment was quickly followed by mental math.How much time and money would it cost to replace the 18.contents of that little wallet?17A.facesaving BbrainwashingCeyecatching Dheartstopping分
35、析 本题是典型的语篇层次题,只看题目所在的句子我们无法确定答案,此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。由第一段中的fear seized me可以推知,作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后,作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近或同义。heartstopping“令人心悸的”。答案核查 D方法2 利用首尾呼应关系解题完形填空在许多情况下不仅仅是在讲述一个故事,而是通过故事来升华主题,而升华的内容往往在文章结尾处,与首段内容形成首尾呼应关系。因此,我们做题不是只看到最后一空,而是看到最后一个词,而且要学会“回头看”
36、(重点看首段)。不要过早地放松而忽略了首尾呼应关系,在最后一两道题上留下遗憾。(2019高考全国卷节选)(Paras.12介绍乞力马扎罗山受到污染;Paras.34描述乞力马扎罗山环境污染得到大改观及其奇妙的生态系统)Does Kilimanjaro _60_ its reputation as acrowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere ofpeace?I found the opposite to be true.60A.enjoyBdeserveCsaveDacquire分析 本题可以采用首尾呼应关系法来
37、解题。纵观全文,文章开头讲到有报道称乞力马扎罗山受到污染,作者提出了质疑,并发现其环境污染问题已经有了很大改观;随后作者以大段文字描述了乞力马扎罗山奇妙的生态系统,因此作者最后得出结论,乞力马扎罗山应该背负一座被游客毁掉了宁谧意境的拥挤之山的名声吗?答案是否定的。deserve ones reputation 意为“名不虚传,实至名归”。答案核查 B方法3 利用文章发展脉络解题做完形填空题时要合理想象,即合理思考和推理,但绝不能脑洞大开,甚至“胡思乱想”,必须“随文应变”,不可“一意孤行”,要随着文段的发展脉络来调整预测偏差。(2019高考全国卷节选)(描述了乞力马扎罗山的四种不同的生态系统)
38、.I 56.count twelve shades of green from where Istand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57.desert:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks._58_ you climb into an arcticlike zone with59.permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.58A.ObviouslyBEasilyCConsequentlyDFinally分析 本段前面的内容已经描述了四种不同的生态系统,此处应该要达到了乞力马扎罗山的最高处了,“最终(finally)”登山者进入了一个类似北极的区域。答案核查 D