1、高考资源网（ ），您身边的高考专家难点23 有章可循的主旨大意题阅读中的主旨大意题主要是考查学生在阅读全文的基础上归纳总结文意的能力，然而，学生在阅读中常犯的毛病之一就是：只见树木，不见森林。难点磁场1.（）A World of OpportunityThe New York Times is now better than ever.All the more reason to order home delivery now.NEW-SEPARATE sections for The Arts.Monday through Thursday,and Sports 7 days a week
2、that you can pull out,take with you or pass along.NEW-The Dining In,Dining Out section,Wednesdays,a banquet (宴席) of great meals you can make yourself,order up or eat out.NEW-The House & Home section.Thursdays,filled with useful,interesting features and articles about making the most of all sorts of
3、living spaces.NEW-An expanded,two-part Weekend section.Fridays,with more ideas about movies,shows,art exhibitions,outdoor and indoor recreations.Latest news and sports results daily.And of course,daily world and national news,Sundays special sections and all the other great features youll continue t
4、o find in The Times.Find out just how much YOU can benefit from The Times every day.Call 1-800-331-1969 or use the postage-paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50% OFF our regular price.Question 1:The main idea of this advertisement is that _.A.many opportunities will be provided jus
5、t to those who order home deliveryB.several new sections have been printed separately from now onC.readers can be well informed of the latest news and sports resultsD.people can pick up all the information they are interested in2.()Millions of people use contact lenses(隐形眼镜）.For anyone who doesnt mi
6、nd sticking his fingers in his eyes,there are clear advantages:contacts correct vision better than glasses,are less often crushed underfoot,dont make you look boring,and come in a huge variety of formssoft,firm,colored,and even theatrical.More and more people are turning to use of contact lenses.But
7、 are they safe?Latest research from Australia shows that not all chemicals are effective in killing all germs(细菌）and some of these germs can cause blindness in just 24 hours.While most problems with contacts still can go back to poor hygiene(卫生）or overuse,not all sight-threatening conditions only ha
8、ppen to those who wash their lenses under the tap or decide,while tired and emotional,to sleep in their lenses for the third night running.Two of the biggest eye-damaging killersprotozoan acanthamoeba and bacteria pseudomonasare all around us,in our homes and water supplies.This seemingly harmless p
9、air can cause blindness through keratitis(disease of the cornea).“The cornea(角膜)is like a five-layered sandwich”,says Raymond Curran,a doctor from Omagh,Northern Ireland.“Once the bacteria get into a layer they can reproduce there and turn the cornea opaque(too dark to see through).”An optician(验光师）
10、may see one possibly sight-threatening case each month,but at an eye hospital there may be several each week.Acanthamoeba,often seemingly mild,can be misjudged until it is too late.Meanwhile,pseudomonas,more seriously,can cause increasing sight loss with each hour that passes.If not treated immediat
11、ely,patients may need a corneal replacement.And the really bad news,according to Professor Roger Buckley,at the Moorfields eye hospital in London,is that acanthamoeba is“one of the hardest germs on Earth”it can survive in Antarctica.Question 2:In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us _.A.th
12、e possible danger of contactsB.the importance of keeping contacts cleanC.some doctors opinions about contactsD.the advantages and disadvantages of contacts3.()With only about000 pandas left in the world，China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种)Thats a mo
13、ve similar to what a Texas AM University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark”Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs，embryos(胚胎)，semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liuid nitrogenIf certain species should become extinct，DrDuane K
14、raemer，a professor in Texas AMs College of Veterinary Medicine，says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the futureIt is estimated that as many as 2 000 species of mammals，birds and reptiles will become extinct in over 00 yearsThe panda，native only to Chin
15、a，is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 yearsThis week，Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbitThey are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animalThe entire procedure could take from thr
16、ee to five years to complete“The nuclear transfer（核子移植)of one species to another is not easy，and the lack of available （capable of being used）panda eggs could be a major problem”Kraemer believes“They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy （having a baby）It take
17、s a long time and its difficult，but this could be groundbreaking science if it worksThey are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk，so it is worth the effort，”adds Kraemer，who is one of the leaders of the roject at Texas AM，the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog“They are trying to do somethi
18、ng thats never been done，and this is very similar to our work in Noahs ArkWere both trying to save animals that face extinctionI certainly appreciate their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to doIts a research that is very much needed”Question 3:The best title for th
19、e passage may be AChinas Success in Pandas CloningBThe First Cloned Panda in the WorldCExploring the Possibility to Clone PandasDChinathe Native Place of Pandas Forever4.()American women experience a great variety of lifestyles. A “typical” American woman may be single . She may also be divorced or
20、married. She may be a homemaker, a doctor, or a factory worker. It is very difficult to generalize about American. However, one thing that many American women have in common is their attitude about themselves and their role in American life.Historically , American women have always been very indepen
21、dent . The first settlers to come to New England were of ten young couples who had left behind their extended family (i.e. their parents , sisters, cousins, etc.).The women were alone in a new, undeveloped country with their husbands. This had two important effects. First of all, this as yet uncivil
22、ized (未开化)environment (环境)demanded that every person share in developing it and in survival (生存).Women worked with their husbands and children to make themselves accepted in this new land. Second, because they were in a new land without the established (确定的)influence of older members of society , wo
23、men felt free to step into nontraditional roles.This role of women was strengthened in later years as Americans moved west,again leaving family behind and meeting a new environment. Even later, in the East, as new settlers arrived , the women often found jobs more easily than men. Women became the s
24、upporters of the family.Within the established lifestyle of industrialized twentieth century America, the strong role of women was not as attractive as in the early days of the country. Some women were active outside the home; others were not. However , when American men went to war in the 1940s, wo
25、men stepped into the mens jobs as factory and business workers. After the war, some women stayed in these positions , and others left their jobs with a new sense of their own ability.Question 4:What is the main idea of this passage?A.Different life styles led by the American women.B.American women w
26、ere free to step into nontraditional roles.C.American women worked hard to establish their roles in American historyD.American women were independent because they did not have to follow the regulations (rules)at all.案例探究1.There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art.
27、Washington D.C.,the US,has the National Gallery of Art;Paris has the Louver,London,the British Museum.Florida International University(FIU) in Miami,the US also shows art for visitors to see.And it does so without a building,or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.FIU has opened what it says i
28、s the first computer art museum in the United States.You dont have to visit the University to see the art.You just need a computer linked to a telephone.You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it.All of the art is stored in the school computer.It i
29、s computer art,produced electronically by artists on their own computers.In only a few minutes,your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum.He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work
30、.A computer artist could record his pictures electronically and send the records,or floppy discs,to others to see on their computers.He could also put his pictures on paper,of course.But to print good pictures on paper,the computer artist needed an expensive laser printer.Robert Shostak says the ele
31、ctronic museum is mainly for art or computer students in schools and universities.Many of the pictures in the museum are made by the students.Mr. Shostak said the FIU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it.He says artists enjoy their work much more
32、 if they have an audience.And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for his electronic museum.Question:The main purpose of this text is to give information about _.A.famous museums throughout the worldB.an electronic art museum in Miami,U.S.A.C.art exhibitions in F
33、lorida International UniversityD.latest development in computer art命题意图：本题主要考查学生的归纳概括能力，属五星级题目。错解分析：本题错选C、D两项的学生较多，原因是只抓住了文章中的只言片语，而忽视了前两段文字在文中的作用及贯穿文章始终的museum一词。解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，抓住每段文字的主旨大意，尤其是文章的前两段。第一段作者告诉我们全世界有许多著名的艺术博物馆；第二段主要讲Florida International University新开的电脑艺术博物馆。随后各段就这家博物馆的领导者及博物馆的运作做了说明。
34、（2）运用排除法，将较具干扰性的C、D两项排除掉。C项错误在于art exhibitions;D项中只讲电脑艺术的最新发展，与文章的前两段无法相符，也没有呼应贯穿文章始终的“art museum”。答案：B2.NMET 2002In 1901,H.G. Wells,an English writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon.When the explorers(探险者) landed on the moon,they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities.Th
35、ey expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met.In turn,the “moon people” expressed their surprise.“Why,”they asked,“are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space?”H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon.P
36、eople today know that there are no underground cities on the moon.However,the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.Underground systems are already in place.Many cities have underground car parks.In some citie
37、s,such as Tokyo,Seoul and Montreal,there are large underground shopping areas.The “Chunnel”,a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France is now complete.But what about underground cities?Japans Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems,called “Alice Cities”.The designers imagine
38、 using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats,offices,shopping,and so on.A solar dome(太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space.The surface,they say,can be
39、 used for farms,parks,gardens,and wildernes.H.G.Wells “moon people” would agree.Would you?Question:What would be the best title for the text?A.Alice Citiescities of the future.B.Space travel with H.G. Wells.C.Enjoy living underground.D.Building down,not up.命题意图：本题旨在考查学生的归纳概括能力，是一道主旨大意题，属五星级题目。错解分析：此
40、题学生容易错选B项，原因是没有通览全篇，只抓住了文章的后半部分，尤其是第四段。解题方法与技巧：（1）通览全文，抓首段大意。（2）文章开篇叙述了H.G. Wells在其科幻小说中的“月球人”询问月球探险者：“为什么地球人不利用地球内部空间而到地球外部空间旅行呢？”；接着下一段讲述越来越多的科学家正在认真思考这一问题；随后两段叙述underground systems的利用及日本underground cities的设计；然后再根据文章最后一段首句：“Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than b
41、uilding up is a good way to use the earths space”，可判断出此题答案。答案：D锦囊妙计1.通读全文，重视首段，注意每段第一句话（尤其是论述性或说明性文章）。2.归纳文章的段落大意。把握文章总体。3.重视重要情节、人物及事物特征。4.注意观察，找准贯穿上下文的关键词汇。5.重视题干中的关键词汇：main idea,the best title,the writer mainly wants to tell (or:show)歼灭难点训练AHuman language is a living thing.Each language has its o
42、wn biological system,which makes it different from all other language.This system must constantly adjust to a new environment and new situation to survive and flourish.When we think of human language this way,it is an easy step to see the words of a language as being like the cells of a living organ
43、ismthey are constantly forming and dying and splitting into parts as time changes and the language adapts.There are several specific processes by which new words are formed.Some words come into the language which sound like what they refer to.Words like buzz and ding-dong are good examples of this p
44、rocess.Still another way in which new words are formed is to use the name of a person or a place closely associated with that words meaning.The words sandwich and hamburger are examples of this word-formation process.The Earl of sandwich,an English aristocrat(贵族),was so fond of gambling at cards tha
45、t he hated to be interrupted by the necessity of eating.He thus invented a new way of eating while he continued his game at the gambling table.This quick and convenient dish is what we now call a sandwicha piece of meat between two slices of bread.The hamburger became the best-known sandwich in the
46、world after it was invented by a citizen of Hamburg in Germany.As long as a language is alive,its cells will continue to change,forming new words and getting rid of the ones that no longer have any use.1.()The passage is mainly about _.A.the biological system of a living organismB.the inventors of s
47、andwich and hamburgerC.the development of human cellsD.the changes of a languageBThe wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress
48、. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time.Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio stations competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to many w
49、ithout having met each other. Miss Germaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar“experiment” organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England. Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio.
50、They took a lie detector(测谎仪) test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges included an astrologer(占星家) who declared that they were suited.The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the ev
51、ening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaines mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.Organizations, including the marriage guidance service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, “We have enough pro
52、blems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love.”The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a years free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham, and a car. But will it last
53、?2.()Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Two Strangers and a WeddingB.A Wedding Based on LoveC.A Short-Lived MarriageD.A Well-Matched CoupleCSince 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials (商业广告
54、) for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “As long as it works,” he said in 1991, “Ill continue to do those commercials.”Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still wont let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper-fittin
55、g shoes.” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted (收养) as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said,“and if I got out of line
56、, hed beat me.”Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind, “I thought if I owned a restaurant,” he said,“I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fr
57、ied Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6 000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes 6 billion a yea
58、r in sales.Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation (基金会) for Adoption in 1992.In 1993, Thomas, who had left school
59、 at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed.“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 3.()
60、What is the article mainly about? A.The life of Dave Thomas.B.The dream of Dave Thomas.C.The schooling of Dave Thomas.D.The growth of Dave Thomas business.DTim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software programme that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part i
61、n developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packaging materials. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to th
62、e real thing. In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version(原始版本） of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a programme, which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea:write a programme that will let academics(学术界人士）
63、 from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP(服务程序所用的协议） and HTML(超文本链接标示语言） programmes which formed the basis of the World Wide Web.The next year his programmes were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. P
64、rogrammers used his codes to work with different operating systems. New things like web browers and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100 000.In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C. More than 200 le
65、ading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. “The web can help people to understand the way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people,” he says.4.()The main idea of this passage is _.A.when
66、 the Internet came into beingB.how Tim Berbers-Lee formed W3CC.why computers develop so rapidlyD.how the World Wide Web startedEReducing the use of cars during rush traffic hours will make the environment more livable.Unfortunately,our present living and working environments encourage the use of car
67、s.But,the car is taking us down the road in lower-quality air.The exhaust(废气) from cars:damaging the earths protective ozone layer and helping to cause the global warming;causes as much as 50% of the smog-producing compounds and chemical rain in our atmosphere;causes 60% of the carbon monoxide in ou
68、r atmosphere.When you consider that the average person breathes in 9 000 quarts of air a day,you realize how important clean air is to human being.The government has spent billions of dollars to control car pollution.Yet,some big cities are still in violation(侵害) of public health standards that prot
69、ect people from breathing poisonous air.The health care costs related to unclean air are huge.The traditional way of cleaning up what comes out of tailpipes has not done the job of getting rid of automobile emissions(散发物).Yet todays cars produces far less pollution than models from the 1960s.But the
70、re are now almost 51 million more cars on the road than there were in 1960,and drivers are traveling many more miles.As a result,cars are still the single largest source of city pollution today.If we are going to achieve clean air,we need to discourage car use by individuals,especially during rush d
71、riving hours.At the same time we reduce car use,we must also improve our public transportation system.If going to and from work by public transportation was convenient and cheap,people would use the system instead of using cars to drive to work.Yes,it will cost money to improve our public transporta
72、tion system.But we now spend billions each year in controlling car emissions without much success.Giving some of that money to public transportation would be a small price to pay for cleanest air.Unless we do something to reduce car use and get people to use public transportation,our love affair wit
73、h the car will be the death of our environment.5.()What is the main idea of the passage?A.Car use needs to be discouraged.B.Clean air is only possible if we reduce car use during rush hours.C.Car use is causing problems with the ozone layer creating poisonous gases.D.The government spends billions o
74、f dollars controlling the pollution coming from cars.FAfter 78 years in the UK,the Dutch clothing retailer (零售商) has closed shop for the last time.But C & A is not alone.In the past week the best known names on British high streets-Marks & Spencer,Boots and littlewoodshave announced some of their wo
75、rst ever trading figures.The downturn is not a case of belt tightening.Although there are fears of a recession(衰退),UK consumer (消费者) spending has set new records in the past year.Experts say the sudden fall is the result of a revolution that is changing almost every side of British lives.Mr.and Mrs.
76、UK Average are throwing out the everyday and trading up to the finer things in life.Consumers are declaring an end to all things ordinary.The good taste revolution has swept the country with remarkable speed.Sales of once popular fashions (时髦) are dropping quickly.Just three years ago Marks & Spence
77、r was the UKs favorite.People now consider the fashions “ordinary”.Yet just 100 yards (91 metres) from the empty aisles (通道) in Londons Oxford Street,the story is different.Burberry enjoyed a 35 per cent increase in sales income in the last three months of last year.Gucci saw its sales rise 25 per c
78、ent.Armani reported 20 per cent growth.Demand for the logo-print(商标) at Louis Vuitton cannot be satisfied immediately.And growth is not only limited to the wealthy Southeast.Experts say Britain has moved from a “good enough” culture to “good taste”culture.Almost everywhere you lookfrom clothes,to fo
79、od and drink,to cars,to home furnishings,to holidaysBritons are buying into a life less ordinary.Rising wealth is driving the revolution.New research shows that the average UK household（family） is 40 per cent better off than in 1986.“In the past only those with money and time on their hands were abl
80、e to devote energy to the search for tasteful living,”says Martin Harward,a director at the Henley Center.“But as incomes rise and free time increases,the privileged(wealthy) many are living higher.More middle-class consumers are developing a sense of their own self-image through what they buy.”6.()
81、What is the most proper title for the passage?A.Income Increasing in BritainB.Revolution Changing the WorldC.Britains Going High FashionD.Sales in Britain Going DownGAll of us eat every day,but most of us dont understand nutrition(营养).How much do you know about good nutrition?Are the following state
82、ments true or false?1.People who dont eat meat can stay healthy.True.As long as people eat enough milk,eggs and meat alternates(替代物),they can get enough protein(蛋白质).2.Fresh vegetables cooked at home are always more nutritious than canned vegetables.False.The difference depends more on how vegetable
83、s are prepared than whether they are fresh or canned.Vegetables cooked in too much water can lose a large quantity of vitamins.3.Food eaten between meals can be just as good for health as food eaten at regular meals.True.Nutritional value depends on what types of food you eat,not when you eat them.E
84、ating an egg or an orange between meals can contribute to a good diet.4.Taking extra vitamins beyond the recommended daily allowances wont give you more energy.True.Its widely believed that extra vitamins provide more energy.But taking more than the body needs doesnt make if function better,just as
85、overfilling your gas tank doesnt make your car run better.5.Natural vitamins are better supplements(补充) for the diet than synthetic vitamins.False.There is no difference.A vitamin has the same properties(性质) and specific chemical structure whether made in a laboratory or taken from plant or animal p
86、arts.6.Older people need the same amount of vitamins as younger people.True.Older people need the same quantity of vitamins as younger people although they need fewer calories.Certain illnesses raise the requirements for some vitamins,but that is true for the young as well as the old.7.Food grown in
87、 poor soil is lower in vitamins than food grown in rich soil.False.The vitamins in our foods are made by the plants themselves.They dont come from the soil.However,the minerals in a plant depend on the minerals in the soil.If you have answered these questions correctly,you can say you know much abou
88、t food and nutrition by todays standards.But remember that nutrition is growing science and that it may be aged as new information is obtained.7.()The main purpose of the passage is to _.A.list todays standards of some food and nutritionB.introduce what should be eaten and what notC.explain what is
89、helpful to your health and what is notD.test our nutrition IQ by judging the problems listedHIn a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value individualismthe differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importanc
90、e on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize information. Instead, they work on their own and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form thei
91、r own ideas and opinions.In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in these Asian countries reflects societys belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, an
92、d Korea often work together and help one another on assignments(作业).There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of education. For example, one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high
93、school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline(纪律)and self-control.There is,however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools,
94、yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There
95、 is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they havent memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.8.()In this passage the author mainly discusses _.A.how Western school systems mirror the value of individualismB.the advantages and disadvantages of the two educational systemsC.what Asian schools should do to make students more creativeD.the differences in culture, religion, etc. between the East and West欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。
