1、专题02 动词时态和非谓语动词新高考真题全收录动词的时态、语态和主谓一致1(2022新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be)previously unprotected, 答案:were解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语
2、,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。2(2022新高考I卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biologi
3、cal diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 答案:is designed解析:考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is de
4、signed。3(2022新高考II卷)Henry _ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 答案:was fixing解析:考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。4(2022新高考II卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the bal
5、cony. He quickly _ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 答案:threw解析:考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。5(2022年浙江卷1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _(view) as impo
6、rtant for scientists to get together and exchange information. 答案:is viewed或has been viewed解析:考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。6(2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others _ (be) now questioning that idea
7、pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and _(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 答案:are;changing解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空:根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填a
8、re。第二空:分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。7(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics many of them climate scientists _ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.答案:have promised解析:考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”
9、的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。8(2021新高考I卷)You cant help wondering how hard it _(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 答案:was解析:句意为:你不禁要问,当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难,根据时间状语then,可知描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,主语为it,故填was.9(2021新高考II卷)Whenever I he
10、ard of businesses using plastic, Id send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 答案:was解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。10(2021年浙江卷)It doesnt impress like George Washin
11、gtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _ (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.答案:has proved解析:考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincolns home in downtown Sprin
12、gfield Illinois作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词;主语Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。11(2021年浙江卷) Marys niece wrote, The little home
13、 _ (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.答案:was painted解析:考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。1
14、2(2021年浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _ (sell)most of their furniture.答案:sold解析:考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。13(2021年浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a p
15、ersons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _ (consider) healthy. 答案:is considered解析:考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是表被动关系,故填is considered。14(2021年浙江卷1月)The study found that betwe
16、en 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain _ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. 答案:was解析:考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。15(2020新课标I卷)The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) the name was inspired
17、by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 答案:touched解析:考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。16(2020新课标I卷)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
18、“because it _ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”. 答案:means; is constructed解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。分析句子可知,此处是宾
19、语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。17(2020新课标II卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _ (carry) special significance. 答案:carries解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits a
20、nd flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。18(2020新课标III卷)The artist was sure he would_(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. 答案:be chosen解析:考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。19(2020新课标II
21、I卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _ (point) down the river. 答案:pointed解析:考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。20(2020山东卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans
22、 Sloane, for example, _ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.答案:formed解析:考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。21(2020山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms. 答案:are called解析:考查动词时态及语态
23、。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。22(2020山东卷)Often, only a small part of a museums collection _ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.答案:is解析:考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museums col
24、lection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。23(2020浙江卷)And,as more children were born,more food _(need). 答案:was needed解析:考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。24(2020浙江卷)By a
25、bout 6000 BC,people _ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 答案:had discovered解析:考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.25(2020浙江卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.
26、 Then,with the rise of science,changes began. New methods _ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.答案:meant解析:考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。26(2020浙江卷1月)Something significant is happening to the world population-it
27、 is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950_(be)30today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050. 答案:was解析:考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。27(2020浙江卷1月)However, greater attention should_
28、(place)on longevity(长寿).答案:be placed解析:考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。新高考真题全收录非谓语动词1(2022新高考I卷)_ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 答案:Covering解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该公
29、园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。2(2022新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _ (i
30、ncrease)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 答案:to increase解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。3(2022新高考II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one
31、 hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _ (fall) child. 答案:to falling解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。4(2022新高考II卷
32、)He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up _ (see) them. 答案:to see解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。5(2022年浙江卷1月)That approach brought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%, and s
33、he plans _(continue) the practice. It has been fairly rewarding. , she says, a really positive change.答案:astonished解析:考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth“计划做”,故填to continue。6(2021新高考I卷)But thats how nature is always leaving us _(astonish). 答案:astonished解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为:但大自然就是这样总是让我们惊讶。作
34、宾补,所以用形容词,表示人吃惊的,故填astonished.7(2021新高考II卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _ (think)it is food. 答案:thinking解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,_2_ (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。8(2021新高考II卷)I decided to do so
35、mething _ (educate) people about this problem. 答案:to educate解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,_ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。9(2021新高考II卷)I was so_ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 答案:excited解析:考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
36、10(2021浙江卷)Marys sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _ (plant)flowers in the front yard. 答案:to plant解析:考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝托德华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。11(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the
37、 countries _ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.答案:studied解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied。12(2021浙江卷1月)This may be due to some disadvantages for people _ _ (live) in the countryside,
38、 including (lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.答案:living解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。13(2020新课标I卷)Chinese researchers hope
39、 to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 答案:to find解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。14(2020新课标II卷)They represent the earth _ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 答案:coming解析:考查非谓语动词。
40、句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。15(2020新课标II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times _ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 答案:decorated解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orang
41、e trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。16(2020新课标II卷)They are easy _ (care) for and make great presents. 答案:to care解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。17(2020新课标III卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out _ (find) the well-known painter. 答案:to find解析:考查
42、非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth。,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。18(2020新课标III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds_ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 答案:surrounding解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the
43、soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。19(2020年浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _ (change) lives.答案:to change解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意
44、,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。20(2020年浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the seasons,planting at the right time and,in dry areas, _ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.答案:making解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表
45、示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。21(2020年浙江卷1月)The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was30today it is 41 and is expected_(increase)to 42 by 2050.答案:to increase解析:考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填to increase。22(2020年浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which mea
46、ns old generations are large _ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population答案:compared解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系,故填compared。23(2020年山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves) living at a different time in history or _(walk)through a rainforest.答案:walking解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司高考资源网() 您身边的高考专家 - 12 - 版权所有高考资源网