1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家 influence vt.影响；对起作用；支配；感化(教材P49)Taoism has greatly influenced Chinese philosophy.道家的阴阳之说极大地影响了中国的哲学。The weather influences crops.天气影响收成。Young people are quickly influenced by new ideas.年轻人会很快地受到新思想的影响。influence sb.to do sth.影响某人做某事influence n. 影响力；威望have an influence/effect on/upon
2、对有影响influential adj. 有影响力的Who influenced her to do that?谁影响她做那件事的？His family have a great influence on his ambitious future plan.他的家庭对他踌躇满志的未来计划有很大的影响。influence/affectinfluence指间接、潜移默化的影响，涉及行为、思想、感情等，多指影响无形的事物。affect仅指影响感情或具体事物。His writings have influenced the lives of millions.他的作品影响了千百万人的一生。Smokin
3、g can affect heart.吸烟可影响心脏。用affect和influence的适当形式填空They try to _ the size of the crops by using fertilizer.He was _by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine.This example has a great _on young people.【答案】affectinfluencedinfluence (教材P50)An idiom is a group of words or an expression
4、whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words.习语是组词或者是一种表达方式，其意义不是那么简单，因为习语常常无法从各个单独的单词意义中获得。【句式分析】whose是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词，表示“的”之意；它可以指人，也可以指物；既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句；whose表示所属关系指物时，可与of which转换，词序一般是：名词of which，也可用“of whi
5、ch名词”。I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。Look at the building，whose roof is white.Look at the building，the roof of which is white.Look at the building，of which the roof is white.看那栋楼，楼顶的颜色是白的。句型转换The man pulled out a gold watch，whose hands w
6、ere made of diamonds.The man pulled out a gold watch，the hands_ were made of diamonds.The man pulled out a gold watch，_ the hands were made of diamonds.I bought a vase，the price of which was very cheap.I bought a vase，_price was very cheap.I bought a vase，_ the price was very cheap.【答案】of which；of w
7、hichwhose；of which in other words换句话说；也就是说(教材P50)In other words，its meaning can be very different from the apparent meanings of its components.换句话说，其意义与其各个组成部分明显的意义可能非常不同。It goes on horizontally.In other words，it goes from side to side，not from top to bottom.它是水平移动的。也就是说，它是从一边移动到另一边，而不是由上至下移动的。break
8、 ones word失信；食言in a(one)word 总之in word 口头上in words 用语言keep ones word 信守诺言word for word 逐字地leave word 留言word came that. 有消息说Word came that a great many soldiers were sent to Yaan Sichuan Province to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.有消息说大批战士被送到四川雅安去救助在地震中受困的人们。完成句子换句话说，我们都不能去看电影。_，none of u
9、s can go to the movies.他妻子是我女儿。换句话讲，我是他的岳母。His wife is my daughter；_，I am his motherinlaw.有消息说将军要来视察军队。_ the general would come to inspect the army.你的同学留言说他今晚来看你。Your classmate _he would come to see you this evening.【答案】In other wordsin other wordsWord came thatleft word that either.or.或者或者；要么要么(教材P
10、50)However，many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now.然而，今天许多习语原意荡然无存，或只与原意有含糊或松散的联系。Its wrong to regard our work either as totally good or as totally bad.说我们的工作样样都好或是一无是处，都是不对的。Either you come in person，or you entrust someone with the
11、 matter.你要么自己来，要么就托人办这件事。Either you or he is wrong.要么你错了，要么他错了。neither.nor.既不也不both.and. 既又；两者都Neither she nor I am right.她和我都不对。Both she and I are right.她和我都对。翻译句子从他的外貌可以判断他要么是位教师，要么就是医生。_他不抽烟也不喝酒。_他父母二人都参加了这个会议。_【答案】Judging by his appearance，he is either a teacher or a doctor.He neither smokes nor
12、 drinks.Both his mother and his father attended the meeting. (教材P50)For example，by and by now meansbefore long，but in the Bible，it was used to meanimmediately例如，“by and by”现在的意思是“不久”，但在圣经中，它被用来表示“立刻，马上”。(1)by and by不久，过一会儿Well return by and by.我们不久就会回来。By and by she met an old man with a beard.她不久就碰
13、到了一个大胡子老头。again and again再三地，一再地on and on 一直，继续bit by bit 一点一点地，逐步地little by little 渐渐地step by step 逐步地side by side 并肩地day by day 一天一天地，逐日day after day 日复一日，天天She stood side by side with the accused.她与被告并肩站着。Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.他日复一日地投入那项工作，直到完成为止。完成句子The
14、pain will go away_(一会儿).The opponent team gained the ground_(渐渐地).His medical condition is continuing to improve_(逐日地).My mother does the housework_(一天天地).【答案】by and bybit by bit/little by little/step by stepday by dayday after day(2)immediately adv.立刻，立即He wrote back to her immediately.他立刻给她回了信。imm
15、ediately conj.一就；一经立即(相当于instantly，directly，the moment，the minute，as soon as)immediate adj. 立即的；即刻的We will start the meeting immediately he comes.他一来我们就开会。Instantly he saw me，he held out his hands.他一见到我，就伸出双手。Directly I received his letter，I went to see him.我一收到他的信就去看他了。I fell in love with her the m
16、oment I saw her.我对她一见钟情。Our government must take immediate action.我们的政府必须立即采取行动。翻译句子我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。_【答案】Instantly/The instant (that)/Immediately/The moment I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for. (教材P50)A biblical idiom is often an expression that underlines the moral of a
17、 story and gives the audience a picture to help them understand the story better.圣经习语常常是突出故事寓意的固定表达方式，给听众或读者一幅图像，以帮助他们更好地理解故事。(1)underline vt.强调；突出；加下划线In his speech he underlined several points.在他的讲话中他强调了几点。Underline the most important sentences.在最重要的句子下面加上下划线。underline the importance of.强调的重要性unde
18、rline从句 强调Her question underlined how little she understood him.她的问题表明她多么不了解他。The report underlined the importance of preschool education.这份报告强调学前教育的重要性。完成句子阅读时请画出关键词。As you read，_ the key words.监狱工作人员罢工一事，突出地表明我们的监狱制度亟须改革。Strike by prison officers _ for reform in our jail.张老师强调学生们不会欢迎这些变化。Mr.Zhang_
19、the students would not welcome these changes.【答案】please underlineunderline the needunderlined that(2)moral n(事件、故事等的)教育意义；寓意；教训The moral of all this is，look before you leap.所以这一切的寓意是：三思而后行。The moral of this story for children is that brothers and sisters should unite.这篇故事对儿童的教育意义是兄弟姐妹应当团结起来。draw a m
20、oral from从中吸取教训morals n. 道德；品行；风纪moral adj. 道德的；道义上的We should underline the importance of moral education.我们应该强调道德教育的重要性。完成句子我的祖父是一个很讲道德的人。My grandfather is _电影的寓意是犯罪是没好结果的。_was crime does not pay.这是个礼仪问题，而非道德问题。This question is one of _【答案】a very moral manThe moral of the filmmanners rather than mo
21、rals (教材P51)After spending every penny of his money and being reduced to hiring himself out to feed pigs，he realized that he had been a fool and went home.在花光每一分钱之后，他沦落到为人打工，替别人养猪。他意识到自己是多么愚蠢，于是回家。(1)be reduced to sth./doing.使(某人)陷入；沦为She was reduced to wandering all day long.她沦落至整日流浪。Hunger reduced
22、 him to stealing.饥饿迫使他沦为盗贼。She was reduced to tears at the sight.她见到那情景便哭了起来。reduce sth. by .减少了reduce sth. to. 减少到；降价到reduce sb. to tears/silence把某人弄哭/使某人哑口无言reduction n. 降低；减少；缩小The workforce will be reduced by around 30 percent.劳动力将缩减大约30%。Risks must be reduced to the absolute minimum.必须把危险降到绝对最低
23、值。There has been a dramatic reduction in the bank rate.银行利率已大大降低。完成句子他们沦落到沿街乞讨。They _begging in the street.这片美丽的森林已被毁，变成了一片荒地。This beautiful forest _a wasteland.压力使他的神经都要崩溃了。Stress had _him _a nervous wreck.本月我们的计算机将有特价优惠。We are offering special _on computers this month.【答案】were reduced tohas been r
24、educed toreduced；toprice reduction(2)hire(oneself)out被雇用；受雇They hired themselves out for the harvest.他们受雇去收割庄稼。She hired herself out to do housework.她受雇做家务。hire v.雇用；聘任hire out 受雇；接受雇用；出租In the meantime he hired out as a cook.在此期间，他受雇为一名厨师。Why dont you hire out your car to your neighbours while your
25、e away，and make some money?你不在家时为何不把车出租给邻居赚点钱呢？hire/hire out/rent/rent out/employhire短期租用，雇用hire out短期出租，受雇rent长期租用东西rent out长期出租东西employ长期雇用完成句子他以前从事临时服务业。He _ whoever needed his services.该公司出租汽车。The company_出租车往往是计时出租的。Taxis _ by the hour.【答案】hired himself out tohired out carsare usually hired out
26、 (教材P51)In honour of his return，his father killed and cooked a calf so that they could have a feast.为庆祝他的归来，他的父亲宰牛烹饪，以使大家能吃上一顿丰盛的大餐。【句式分析】so that引导目的状语从句，这时从句的谓语动词常用may，might，can，could，should，will，would等情态动词。Speak louder so that we can hear you.说大声一点，以便我们听得见。Well sit in the front of the hall so that
27、 we can hear better.我们要坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清楚。so that既可引导目的状语从句(in order that)也可引导结果状语从句，在引导结果状语从句时，有时也可能用情态动词can，could，极少用may，might或不用情态动词。so that省去that时，前面的逗号可用可不用。so.that.基本句式：soadj.(adv.)that.soadj.a/an单数名词that.sofew/little(少)/many/muchn.that.such.that.也可引导结果状语从句：such(adj.)不可数名词that.such(adj.)名词复数that.
28、sucha/anadj.名词单数that.so，such修饰的成分置于句首时，主句常用倒装语序。soadj./adv.that.时，如结果状语从句是否定形式，可以转换成“too.to.”结构；如结果状语从句是肯定形式，可以转换成“.enough to.”结构。We arrived early in the morning，so(that)we caught the first train.我们大清早就到了，所以赶上了第一趟火车。He was so excited that he could not speak.他兴奋地连话都说不出来了。So fast did the teacher speak
29、 that I couldnt follow him.那个老师说得太快，我跟不上。It was such a lovely day that we decided to go for a picnic.天气非常好，我们决定去野餐。句型转换I hurried to the station so that I could catch the early train.I hurried to the station_I could catch the early train.He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.So careless
30、ly_ he almost lost his life.【答案】in order thatdid he drive that competence n能力；资格；胜任(与for连用)；(做某事的)能力(教材P51)By learning many important idioms，you can develop a high level of competence in your communication skills.通过学习足够多的重要习语，你能将交际技巧提升到较高水平。There is no doubt of his competence for the task.他的确有能力做好那项
31、工作。I doubt his competence to do the work.我怀疑他是否有能力做那项工作。 competence in (doing)sth.在(做)方面的能力competent adj. 有能力的，称职的competent at/in ones work能胜任工作的be competent to do sth. 有能力做某事competently adv. 有能力地，出色地Hes very competent in his work.他非常胜任自己的工作。完成句子Are you sure that he_(能胜任)this task?The court _ (不能做)h
32、andle the case.He has gain a high level of _(在英语方面的能力).【答案】is competent foris not competent tocompetence in English (教材P51)When you have a thorough understanding of English idioms and their origins，you can better understand and appreciate the history and cultures of Englishspeaking countries，because
33、 idioms are carriers of history and culture.透彻了解英语习语及其起源，你可以更好地理解和欣赏英语国家的历史和文化，因为习语是历史和文化的载体。(1)have an understanding of sth.了解某事If you know the neighbourhood，you have an understanding of what the children are like.假如你熟悉这个街区，你就明白这里的孩子是什么样子的了。have little/no understanding of sth.对某事了解得很少/不了解have some
34、understanding of sth. 对某事有一定的了解have a thorough/full understanding of sth. 对某事彻底了解gain/get an understanding of sth. 对某事有了解He has a thorough/full understanding of the matter.他完全了解这件事。We should have a deeper understanding of the problem.我们应该对这个问题有更深的了解。Over time，you will get a far better understanding
35、of the job.经过一段时间，你对这个工作的了解会好得多。How can we gain an understanding of other cultures?我们怎么才能了解其他文化呢？句型转换He understands the situation clearly.He _the situation.【答案】has a clear understanding of(2)appreciate vt.意识到；懂得；欣赏；感激You cant appreciate Chinese poems in translation.看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到中国诗歌的美妙之处。The boss of
36、that company fully appreciated his talent.那家公司的老板非常赏识他的才华。I would appreciate your help.我将十分感激你的帮忙。appreciate sth./doing sth. 诚恳希望做某事Id/will appreciate it if. 如果，我会非常感激。I would appreciate your letting me know of any problems.如有什么问题，请告诉我，我会非常感激。I will appreciate it if you pay in cash.如果你支付现金，我将十分感激。【提示】appreciate后跟if或when引导的从句时常用it作形式宾语，与之用法相同的词还有：hate，like，dislike等。句型转换If we hear from you again，we would appreciate.We would appreciate _you again.We would appreciate _we could hear from you again.【答案】hearing from；it if- 13 - 版权所有高考资源网
