1、Part2 考点11Part2 语法专题考点11 名词性从句对名词性从句的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。1.主要考查的知识点:名词性从句连接词的选用 复习重点:名词性从句的不同的连接词的意义及用法区别 2.如何应对名词性从句连接词的考查 解题时,首先认真分析题干句的句子结构,结合4个选项,比较每个选项的连接词的意义及用法区别,再判断该选用哪一个。(2010湖南)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst intotears.No one in the office knew _she was soangry.A.whereB.whetherC.that
2、D.why 思路点拨:分析题干句可知空格处应为宾语从句she was so angry的连接词,比较从句和主句的关系可知从句是表示原因,再根据句意:“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气。”可判断选D项。一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语,相当于名词,故称为名词性从句。于是,名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句4大类。熟 读 深 思1主语从句定义:主语从句就是指在另一个句子中充当主语的句子。它由连接词that,whether及特殊疑问词连接。(1)What he will come here to see us is certain.改错(WhatThat)(2
3、)If he is free now is uncertain.改错(IfWhether)(3)It doesnt matter how he can attend our meeting.改错(howwhether/if)熟 读 深 思(4)That 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are successfulis known to all.(5)Its important that you should finish your work ontime.(6)It is his suggestion that his son(should)stay athome at
4、weekends.(7)It is suggested that we should make good use oftime.归 纳 总 结1连词的选用:规则1:that连接从句时,从句为一个句意完整、语气确定的陈述句,而that没有具体意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,但that 不能省略,如:(1)。规则2:whether连接从句时,从句的句意完整,但是语气不肯定,表示怀疑。它来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”,在句首时不能用if替换,如:(2)、(3)。归 纳 总 结规则3:特殊疑问词连接从句时,特殊疑问词用来表示询问某种情况。它来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词
5、不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分。2语序:主语从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。3时态:主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。熟 读 深 思2.宾语从句定义:在另一个句子中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句。(1)He said that he was from Hunan Province.(2)I dont know whether he can come this afternoon.(3)Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?(4)I dont know what he is
6、 doing now.(5)Where do you think Tom is from?1连词的选用规则1:that连接的宾语从句为一个句意完整、语气肯定的陈述句,that通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that),没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,如:(1)。规则2:whether/if 连接的宾语从句,whether/if 意为“是否”(但whetheror not结构或者介词宾语以及whetherto do 结构时只能用whether,不能用if来替换),如:(2)。归 纳 总 结规则3:特殊疑问词从句,从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,
7、在从句中充当句子成分,如:(3)。2语序不论主句为何种句型,宾语从句用陈述句语序,如:(4)。3时态主句时态若为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态若为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。归 纳 总 结4双重疑问句中,主句用疑问语序,而宾语从句总是用陈述语序,即:主谓语序,如:(5)。【注意】Whats wrong(with sb./sth.)?Whats the matter(with sb./sth.)?What has happened?以上句子中,特殊疑问词就是句子的主语,所以在宾语从句中的语序无需变化。归 纳 总 结熟 读 深 思3.表语从句定义:在另一个句子中充当表语的句
8、子被称为表语从句。(1)My dream is I will have my own company.改错(isIthat)(2)The problem is if we can get there on time.改错(ifwhether)(3)That is why he didnt come here this morning.归 纳 总 结1连词的选用规则1:that从句:从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that 不能省略,没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,如:(1)。规则2:whether从句:从句来源于一般疑问句,为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether
9、不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换,如:(2)。规则3:特殊疑问词从句:从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分,如:(3)。归 纳 总 结2语序表语从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。3时态主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。归 纳 总 结4常见的句型(1)It looks/seems as if 好像;仿佛(2)This is because 这是因为(3)The reason why is that 的原因是(4)That is why 那是因为(5)The question/problem is wheth
10、er/when/where 问题是(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that 他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是熟 读 深 思4.同位语从句定义:解释说明另一个句子中某一个抽象名词的句子叫同位语从句。常见的抽象名词有:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise,word等。(1)His suggestion what we be there waiting for themis reasonable.改错(whatthat)(2)He asked her the question if they can be friends.改错(
11、ifwhether)(3)He didnt answer the question when we would goto the museum.(4)He showed us his way how he worked out thatproblem.熟 读 深 思(5)Wings are to birds what sails are to ships.(6)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anybody who breaks the law will be punished.(7)Parents shouldnt buy whatever t
12、heir children want.Parents shouldnt buy anything that their childrenwant.(8)There are many books in our library.You canborrow whichever book you like.There are manybooks in our library.You can borrow any book thatyou like.归 纳 总 结1连词的选用规则1:that从句:从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that 不能省略,没有具体的汉语意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,如:
13、(1)。规则2:whether从句:从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”,不能用if替换,如:(2)。规则3:特殊疑问词从句:从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,在从句中充当句子成分,如:(3)。归 纳 总 结2语序表语从句要用陈述句语序,即主谓语序。3时态主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况 而 定。而 suggestion,advice,order,request,requirement等名词的同位语从句需用“(should)动词原形”,如:(1)。【注意】常见的同位语从句直接放在抽象名词之后,分隔式同位语从句
14、是抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词,以平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻。归 纳 总 结区别 同位语从句定语从句先行词其说明的名词为order,suggestion,fact,news,word等抽象名词任何名词引导词引导词that不充当从句的任何成分,即同位语从句本身是个意义完整的陈述句关系代词that代替先行词,在从句中充当主语或宾语that不可省略that可省可由what,how引导,如:(4)what,how 不能引导定语从句4.that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别归 纳 总 结5.特殊句型:(1)A is to B what C is to D如:(5)。(2)whoever/wh
15、atever/whichever 连接名词性从句时,既在主句中充当成分,又在从句中充当成分。whoever 引导名词性从句时,whoeveranybodywho如:(6)。whatever 引 导 名 词 性 从 句 时,whatever anything that如:(7)。whichever 引导名词性从句时,whicheverany名词that如:(8)。熟 读 深 思5.目的状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)We got up early in_order_that(为了)we couldcatch the first bus.(2)We got up early for_fear_tha
16、t/lest/in_case_that(以免)we should miss the first bus.归 纳 总 结目的状语从句常见的连词有:(1)in order that/sothat 意为“为了”;(2)in case that/forfear that/lest 意为“以免;以防”等。规则1:so that/in order that 从句(从句用can/could/may/might 动词原形),如:(1)。规则2:for fear that/in case that 从句,意为“以防,万一”,从句可以用虚拟语气,即“should 动词原形”,如:(2)。熟 读 深 思6.地点状语
17、从句 用适当的连词填空(1)Make a mark where you have problems.(2)I will find him wherever he may be.归 纳 总 结地点状语从句常见的连词有:1.where 在地方,如:(1)。2.wherever 无论在地方,如:(2)。熟 读 深 思7.让步状语从句用适当的让步状语从句连词填空(1)Although he is rich,he never wastes a coin.(2)Rich man as he is,he works hard.(3)Hard as he worked,he failed.(4)Try as
18、he might,Tom could not get out of thedifficulty.(5)Even_if it snows tomorrow,we shall still go onbusiness.(6)No_matter_who(Whoever)breaks the rule,hewill be punished.(7)Whether you go or not tomorrow,we will go outing.归 纳 总 结规则1:although/though/while 意为“虽然;尽管”,如:(1)。规则2:表语(形容词/名词)as/though 主语系动词主句,句
19、首名词前不加任何冠词,如:(2)。副词 as/though主语谓语动词主句,如:(3)。动 词 原 形 as/though 主 语 might/may 主句,如:(4)。归 纳 总 结规则3:even if/even though意为“即使,纵然”。even if侧重于假设;even though侧重于事实,如:(5)。规则4:No matter how/what/where/who;特殊疑问词ever 意为“无论怎么/什么/哪里/谁”,如:(6)。规则5:whetheror“无论是否”,如:(7)。熟 读 深 思8.方式状语从句(1)The lights were on as though
20、everyone had left in ahurry.(2)Do the experiment as I told you just now.归 纳 总 结规则1:“as if/as though 从句”表示与客观事实不符的情况时,从句用虚拟语气,即表示现在或将来的情况用一般过去时,be用were;表示过去的情况用过去完成时,如:(1)。规则2:as 意为“正如”,如:(2)。熟 读 深 思9.比较状语从句(1)Chinese is as_beautiful_a_language_as_English.(和英语一样漂亮的语言)(2)They didnt come to school as_e
21、arly_as_we.(和我们一样早)(3)The boy is taller_than_his_father.(比他的父亲还高)熟 读 深 思(4)This house is two_times_the_area_of_that_one.(是那栋的两倍大)(5)This ruler is two_times_as_long_as_that_one.(是那把的两倍长)(6)My case is two_times_heavier_than_yours.(是你的两倍重)(7)The population in this town is about six_times whatit was a hundred years ago.(是一百年前的6倍)归 纳 总 结规则1:asas 意为“和一样”,as后面接形容词、副词的原级,如:(1)。规则2:not as/soas 意为“不如;不及”,如:(2)。规则3:than 意为“比”,如:(3)。规则4:倍数表达比较状语从句通常与倍数表达法结合起来进行考查。它有以下几种句型:(见考点3“形容词和副词”),如:(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)。