1、Part1 M7.Unit4Unit4 Public transport Module7重 点 单 词8、辨析 rise,arise,raise这3个动词的音、形近似,且含义也相近,都有“上升”的意思,但它们的含义和用法有所不同。(1)rise vi.(rose,risen)没有被动语态,使用范围较广。它可以指太阳、月亮、河水、物价、数量等“升起、上升、增长”,也可以指人“起立、起床、地位升高”等。重 点 单 词(2)arise意为“上升;发生”,是比较庄重的用语,主要用于诗歌或带古风的文体,含有比喻的韵味;当difficulty,problem,crisis,conflict等词用作主语时,
2、习惯上与arise搭配,不用rise。(3)raise vt.它一般指“升起、举起、抬起、提出”等具体行为、动作,有时也用于借喻,表示“提高”工资、价格、地位,“增加”数量、容量等。重 点 单 词The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。The total output rose by 20%.总产量增长了20%。New problems arise when the old ones are solved.旧问题解决时新问题又来了。They raised a national flag.他们升起了一面国旗。He was_raised from clerk to ma
3、nager.他由职员提升到经理。重 点 单 词The question _ then.What are we going to dowhen we graduate from the university?A.raisesB.arousesC.arisesD.risesC 句意:然后问题出现了。我们大学毕业后将做什么?表示出现不愉快的“问题”,常用arise。解析重 点 单 词Having heard the unfair conditions,the angry man_ from the chair,_ his voice.A.raised;raisingB.rose;raisingC.r
4、aised;risingD.rose;risingB 句意:听到那不公平的条件,那位生气的人提高嗓音从椅子上站起来。前一空后面没有宾语,故用不及物动词rose。后一句后面接有宾语,故用及物动词raise的现在分词形式,表伴随状况。解析重 点 短 语1、pick up(1)拾起The boy picked_up the hat for the old man.男孩替老人拾起了帽子。(2)收拾You should pick up the tools after work.工作结束后应该把工具收拾好。重 点 短 语(3)学到;获得He was_picking_up the skills quickl
5、y.他正在很快地掌握技术。(4)口 与偶然结识(常指与异性调情)We picked up a couple of girls at the pub lastFriday.上星期五我们在酒吧结识了几个女孩。重 点 短 语I _ a lot of English while I was in England.A.picked outB.put outC.put upD.picked upDpick up在此表示“偶然中学到”。解析重 点 短 语2、drop off(1)让下车Please drop_me_off at the bank.请让我在银行下车。(2)减少;下降The business o
6、f the company was droppingoff.这家公司的生意日益清淡。(3)睡着She dropped off during the lesson.她在听课时睡着了。重 点 短 语 My old friend Jack was on business in the city andhe _ me yesterday.A.dropped out ofB.dropped in atC.dropped in onD.dropped offD drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人。解析重 点 短 语3、辨析 postpone,delay,put off(1)postpone 用于正式
7、场合,由于种种原因而不得不“延期”完成会议等。(2)delay 指由于各种原因而导致“延误、耽搁”。(3)put off 一般用语。They postponed_sending an answer to a request.他们耽搁了对一项请求的答复。The flight was badly delayed because of fog.因雾航班被延误了很久。重 点 短 语 To postpone _ the debt will ruin ourbusiness reputation.A.payingB.to payC.payD.paidA postpone doing sth.延期做某事。解
8、析疑 难 句 型1、Aeroplanes are used to travel quickly over longdistances.飞机用来长距离的快速旅行。句中的be used to do“被用来做某事”,to 是不定式符号,后跟动词原形。Bamboo is_used_to_make_into walking sticks andfishing poles.竹子用来制成手杖和渔竿。And all this beautiful silk,she said,would be used toweave colorful clouds in heaven.她说所有这些美丽的蚕丝都将用来织天上的彩云
9、。疑 难 句 型(1)used to 表示“过去如此,现在不再这样了”。只有过去时,它既可以视为助动词,其否定式为:usednt to;亦可以看作及物动词,其否定式为:didnt use to。它不能用来说明事情发生的具体次数和状态,不能强调动作,不用于现在时。拓展疑 难 句 型I used_to_live_with my grandparents,but I have my own home now.过去我与祖父母生活在一起,但现在我有自己的家了。She used to visit her uncle on holidays,didnt she?她以前常常在假日去拜访她的叔叔,是不是?拓展疑
10、 难 句 型(2)be used to doing是“习惯于”某一客观事实和状态,不强调动作,to为介词。He is_used_to_working in that company.他习惯了在那家公司工作。拓展疑 难 句 型(3)get used to 指的是从不习惯到习惯这一过程的转变,强调动作,不用于现在时。You will soon get_used_to the weather here.你很快就会习惯这里的天气。Did you get/become used to hard work when you were in the countryside?你在乡下时习惯于辛勤劳动吗?拓展疑
11、 难 句 型In my opinion,life in the twenty-first century ismuch easier than _.A.that used to beB.it is used toC.it was used toD.it used to beD 句意:依我看,21世纪的生活比过去容易多了。通常情况下used to 后面的be不能省。解析疑 难 句 型2、So why not take a trip on the oldestunderground system today?所以今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢?Why not do?是Why dont
12、 you do?的省略形式,这是表“建议”的句型,意为:为什么不做呢?其肯定式是why do you do/why do?肯定句式常用于责问对方,意为:为什么做?疑 难 句 型Why_dont_you(Why not)sing a song?为什么不唱支歌呢?Why not_turn_to the teacher for advice?为什么不向老师征求意见呢?Why do you/Why lend him the money?为什么要借钱给他?疑 难 句 型表示“建议”的其他句型:(1)Lets do,shall we?/How/What about doing?我们可以做吗?/做怎么样?(
13、2)Cant we do?我们不能做吗?(这是一个否定疑问句表示建议或邀请)拓展疑 难 句 型(3)I suggest you(should)do/I advise you to do/Youd better do 我劝你应该做/你最好做(这3个句型均为直接向对方提出建议,使用时需注意句中的动词形式)拓展疑 难 句 型(4)Maybe we could do 也许我们能做(5)Would you like/love to do?你愿意做吗?(6)I wonder if you should do 我想知道你是否应该做(7)I think its better for you to do 我认为
14、对你来说做更好。拓展疑 难 句 型 Its a long time since I saw my sister._ her this weekend?A.Why not visitB.Why not to visitC.Why not visiting D.Why dont visitA 句 意:“我 很 久 没 有 见 到 我 的 妹 妹了。”“为什么不在这个周末去看看她去呢?”回答人显然是在提出建议。“Why not+动词原形”结构用来表示建议。解析疑 难 句 型3、Many cyclists do not pay attention to the carsthat surround th
15、em and often ride too close to cars toallow them space and time to stop.许多骑自行车的人不注意周围的车辆,而且经常骑得与车辆太近,以至于车辆没有足够的空间和时间刹车。句中的too close to cars to allow them space and timeto stop 是“too+adj./adv.+(for sb./sth.)to do sth.”句型,表示“太以致(某人)不能做某事”。疑 难 句 型The problem is too difficult for me to work out.这问题太难了,我
16、解答不了。The gate is too_narrow_for_a_car_to_get_through.这门太窄了,一辆小汽车通不过。其实,这类句子都可以改为sothat结构的句子。以上句子可分别改写为:The problem is so difficult that I cant work it out.The gate is so narrow that a car cant get through it.疑 难 句 型too adj./adv.(for n./pron.)to do sth.结构在大多数情况下表示否定意义,即“太而不能”之意,但tooto结构在下列几种情况下,也可表示肯
17、定意义。not 置于动词不定式前,成为toonot to do结构时,原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受否定,变为肯定意义,意为“太不会不”或“非常必定能”。拓展疑 难 句 型He is too tall not to reach the book on the bookshelf.他很高不会够不到书架上的书。You are too_wise_not_to_know that.你很聪明,必然会知道那件事情。在tooto do这一结构前有not,never,no longer,but,only,all等词时,这一结构的意思也为肯定意义。拓展疑 难 句 型The box is not too heav
18、y for me to carry.这个箱子并不重,我提得动。One is never_too_old_to_learn.活到老,学到老。You know but too well to hold your tongue.你十分清楚少言为佳。Ill be only too glad to join in your games.我非常想参加你们的比赛。拓展疑 难 句 型too 后为 anxious,eager,easy,glad,happy,pleased,excited,ready,satisfied,kind,willing,difficult等表示态度、心情、倾向等方面的形容词时,too
19、相当于very much(极其,十分,非常),表示肯定意义。拓展疑 难 句 型They were too_anxious_to_leave.他们急着要走。The model worker is_too_ready_to help others.这位劳动模范非常乐于帮助别人。拓展疑 难 句 型Its too kind of you to help us repair the car.你真是太好了,帮助我们修车。当不定式充当句子中的实际主语时,tooto表示肯定含义。Its too_wrong_of_you_to have made such foolish mistakes.你犯这种愚蠢的错误实
20、在是大错特错。拓展疑 难 句 型 Thanks for your trouble.Not at all.Im _ pleased to help you.A.too muchB.too onlyC.so muchD.only tooD 句意:没关系,我非常高兴能帮助你。tooto 前 面 有 only 表 示 肯 定 意 义,表 示“非常”。解析疑 难 句 型4、Carrying more than a light load on your bicycleor overloading it makes it unsteady and more difficultto control.在你的自行
21、车上加上一个重东西或过分负载会使自行车不稳而更难以控制。此句是make it+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.句型。在此结构中,it是形式宾语,此结构中真正的宾语是后面的不定式,而形容词充当了宾语补足语成分,尤其是当宾语太长时,常采用it作形式宾语的形式。疑 难 句 型Each new way of looking at a situation deepens ourunderstanding and makes it easier to discover newpossibilities.每一种看待情况的新方法都会加深我们对问题的理解,使我们更容易发现新的解决途径。The h
22、ard situation here made it necessary to makesome changes.现在困难的局面有必要做一些变化了。疑 难 句 型(1)此类以it作形式宾语的动词还有feel,consider,find,believe,take,imagine,think,suppose,regard等。I consider_it_reasonable to tell her beforehand.我认为提前告诉她还是很有道理的。I find_it_quite_impossible to make some changes.我发现要做些变化不可能。拓展疑 难 句 型(2)mak
23、e 宾语宾语补足语在这一结构中,宾语补足语可以是不带to的动词不定式、过去分词或形容词形式。make 宾语不带to的不定式。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。若变为被动语态,补语要用带to的动词不定式。拓展疑 难 句 型They made the boy stand in front of us.他们让那个男孩站在我们面前。In the old society,the farmers were_made_to_workday and night.在旧社会,农民被迫不分白天黑夜地干活。make 宾语过去分词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事被”。拓展疑 难 句 型The chemistry
24、 teacher had a special way to make his students interested_in_chemistry.这位化学老师有一种特殊的方法使学生对化学感兴趣。make 宾语形容词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事(变得)”。拓展疑 难 句 型The interesting story made_him_very_excited.这个有趣的故事使得他很兴奋。make后的宾补还可用名词。She made herself the centre of the class.她使自己成为班里的中心。拓展疑 难 句 型As the busiest woman in Norton,she made _ herduty to look after all the other peoples affairs in thattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.itD句意:作为诺顿最忙的人,她把关心镇里其他人的事作为她的职责。作形式宾语只能用it。解析