1、山西大同市2015高考英语阅读理解训练（3）及答案阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Houses fall down. Trees fall over. Large holes form in the ground. Could Alaska be sinking?Thats what some villagers in Alaska have been asking themselves recently and scientists think they know why. Warmer temperatures may be causing A
2、laskas frozen ground to thaw (解冻). About 85 percent of Alaskas land surface has permafrost (永久冻结带). Permafrost supports the ground above itincluding trees, houses, and roads. But why is the permafrost thawing? Some scientists say that human-caused pollution is leading to global warming. And most sci
3、entists agree that Alaska has been getting warmer. They say that the warmer temperature is causing permafrost to thaw in some areas. The thawing permafrost can cause problems for people, plants, and animals. The collapsing (倒塌)is a problem in the villages in Alaska which are built on permafrost, and
4、 some of them may have to move to safer ground, where there is no permafrost. The Alaskan town of Glennallen saw its old post office collapse. And, according to James Walters, a permafrost expert at the University of Northern Iowa, house-moving companies have been very busy. “Melting permafrost can
5、also destroy trees and forests,”Walters said. “When holes in the ground form, trees fall into them and die. This could turn a forest into a swamp (沼泽), and animals which need the forests will have to move elsewhere.”“The melting could cause severe problems.”Walters says, “This could take hundreds of
6、 years, but in the end Alaska will look quite different from what it looks like now.”1. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage? A. AlaskaA Frozen Land B. Is Alaska Sinking? C. Pollution and Global Warming D. Alaska Is Polluted2. The main reason why permafrost is thawing
7、is that _.A. the temperature in Alaska is risingB. people in Alaska dont take care of permafrostC. too many houses are built on permafrostD. people in Alaska polluted permafrost3. The following are the results of melting permafrost EXCEPT _.A. holes form in the groundB. a forest will be turned into
8、a swampC. some animals have to go elsewhereD. more water will be needed by people and animals4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. When permafrost melts, houses will fall down. B. House-moving companies are busy because their houses are in danger. C. To stop permafrost m
9、elting is a very difficult problem. D. Most of Alaskas land surface has permafrost. 【参考答案】14、BADB 【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】CEveryone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state：Without it，it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government office
10、s who look after our health，our food，our water，and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us.By means of taxation，we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.But
11、 everyone knows that taxation is necessary，different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged.Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year？Or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell？If the first kind of taxation is used，
12、should everyone pay the same tax，whether he is rich or poor？If the second kind of tax is preferred，should everything be taxed equally?In most countries，a direct tax on persons，which is called income tax，exists.It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing，and the percentage of tax
13、 grows greater as the taxpayers income grows.In England，for example，the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninetyfive percent!But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too.Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”Of course，it is the m
14、en and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties，in the form of higher prices.In some countries，too，there is a tax on things sold in the shops.If the most necessary things are taxed，a lot of money is collected，but the poor people suffer most.If unnecessary th
15、ings like jewels and fur coats are taxed，less money is got but the tax is fairer，as the rich pay it.Probably this last kind of indirect tax，together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich，is the best arrangement.36The first paragraph tells us about the_.Atax pol
16、iciesBtaxable itemsCarrangement of taxationDimportance of taxation37Which of the following statements about income tax is NOT true in most countries?AThe poorest pay no tax.BThe poor pay the same taxes as the rich.CThe rich pay more taxes than the poor.DThe rich pay a very high percentage of tax.38P
17、eople who buy imported items in the shops have to pay duties_.Ato the government officeBat a lower priceCas an income taxDin the form of higher prices39According to the writer，if valuable things are taxed，_.Amuch money is collectedBthe poor suffer a lotCthe rich will be happyDthe tax is more reasona
18、ble40In the passage，the writer suggests_.Atwo kinds of income taxesBthe importance of indirect taxesCthe fairer income taxesDmore than one kind of indirect taxes36D第一段第一句就是主题句。37B从第三段可以作出判断。38D第四段第三句已经点明了此题答案。39D从第四段最后一句可知答案。40D从文章最后两段内容可以看出最佳选项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】DThe quality of drinking water in
19、Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2015 and，a decade later，citizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world.These were the goals set by the Shanghai Water Authority.With the citys population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020，Chen Yin，an official
20、 with the water authority，said Shanghais water consumption will not increase from its present amount.Zhang Yue，director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction，said，“Shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions.They will not be easy to achieve.
21、”He said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of Chinas economy.Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the citys infrastructure(基础设施) costs by 10,000 yuan.Last year，Shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the emplo
22、yment of new technology.“The_aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortage，” Chen said，“The abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water.”Shanghai lacks drinkable water.The Huangpu River，which supplies 80 p
23、ercent of the citys drinkable water，is nearing exhaustion.The city，therefore，has been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to conserve quality water.Besides penning regulations，the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amoun
24、t of water used.At present，the city has 600,000 family toilets，each using 13 liters of water per flush.These are to be renovated(整修) to use only 9 liters of water per flush.The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for householdsat a cost of 40 yuan each.In three years，all the toilets will b
25、e renovated，which saves the city nearly 15 million yuan every year in water conservation.Another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage(污水) to improve the water environment.At present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water.To meet the total d
26、emand,27 more sewagetreatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion yuan.41The people in Shanghai get their daily water mainly from _ now.AundergroundBthe Yellow RiverCthe Yangtze RiverDthe Huangpu River42The underlined words “the aim” here refer to _.Athe qualit
27、y of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2015Bcitizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world by 2025Cwater saving will help keep the sustainable development of Chinas economyDsaving one cubic meter of water means saving the citys infrastructure costs by 10,00
28、0 yuan43The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households to _.Amake peoples living more convenientBsave drinkable fresh waterCease employment pressureDmeet the total demand of water44The writer wrote the passage to _.Acall on residents to save water in their daily lifeBseek ways to s
29、olve water shortage existing in ShanghaiCintroduce Shanghais advanced experience in improving the water environmentDshow that citizens in Shanghai will have the best drinking water in the world45In the opinion of Zhang Yue，the real meaning of the action to publicize these ambitions is to make people
30、 know _.Ait is not easy to achieveBwater shortage is very serious in ChinaCthe importance of improving infrastructureDeconomic development cant be separated with water supply41D文章第七段告诉我们：上海80%的城市饮用水来自黄浦江。42Daim此处指“目标”，即上文提到的每节约一立方水相当于节约城市基础设施费用1万元。43B厕所改造也是为了节约饮用水。44D作者在文章第一段首先点明了主题，即上海人将在2015年饮用上最干
31、净的水。45B从文中第三段可知。阅读理解。When I met him, I had a lot of anger inside of me. Ive lived my whole life in Spanish Harlem, but in my neighborhood, there are shoot-ups all the time. I know kids who have been shot or beaten up. I have friends who ended up in prison. I could have ended up that way, too, but Mr
32、. Clark wouldnt let that happen.Mr. Clark worked long hours, making sure I did my work. My grades rose. In fact, the scores of our whole class rose. One day, he took our class to see The Phantom of the Opera, and it was the first time some kids had ever been out of Harlem. Before the show, he treate
33、d us to dinner at a restaurant and taught us not to talk with our mouths full. We did not want to let him down.Mr. Clark was selected as Disneys 2000 Teacher of the Year. He said he would draw three names out of a hat; those students would go with him to Los Angeles to get the award. But when the ti
34、me came to draw names, Mr. Clark said, “Youre all going.” On graduation day, there were a lot of tears. We didnt want his class to end. In 2001, he moved to Atlanta, but he always kept in touch. He started giving lectures about education, and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules, Th
35、e Essential 55. In 2003, Mr. Clark took some of us on a trip to South Africa to deliver school supplies and visit the orphanages (孤儿院). It was the most amazing experience of my life. Its now my dream to one day start a group of womens clubs, helping people from all backgrounds.11. Without Mr. Clark,
36、 the writer .A. might have been put into prisonB. might not have won the prizeC. might have joined a womens clubD. might not have moved to Atlanta12. The Essential 55 is . A. a showB. a speechC. a classroom ruleD. a book13. How many students names were finally drawn out of a hat by Mr. Clark? A. Non
37、e B. Three C. Fifty-five D. All14. What can we learn in the passage?A. It was in Harlem that we saw The Phantom of the Opera for the first time.B. Mr. Clark taught us not to talk with our mouths full, and we did.C. Mr. Clark was selected as Disneys 2000 Teacher of the Year in Los Angeles.D. In 2003,
38、 Mr. Clark moved to Atlanta, and he always kept in touch with us.15. In the passage, the writer intends to tell us that .A. Mr. Clark went to South Africa because he liked travelingB. Mr. Clark helped to set up a group of womens clubsC. a good teacher can help raise his or her students scoresD. a good teacher has a good influence on his or her students【参考答案】1115、11-20 ADABD
