1、常德市桃源县2016高考英语二轮：阅读理解基础演练（1）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books
2、 is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.With a good book in our hands we ne
3、ed never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they r
4、esemble human friends whom we hold or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of
5、hurting their feelings. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied
6、lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-line
7、d train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our hearts desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we
8、 may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary expe
9、riences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.16. Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while
10、 reading?A. No one has come to disturb you. B. Everything is so quiet and calm around you.C. The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive.D. Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.17. How would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in boo
11、ks even more?A. They resemble human friends exactly. B. They are unfamiliar types we like.C. They never desert us.D. They never hurt our feelings.18. Which of the following is true?A. Your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of the books. B. To escape from the dull rea
12、lities of everyday life you should take up reading. C. Books can always help you to live a colourful life. D. You may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.19. The word “weary” means _. A. “to attract someones attention”B. “to distract someones attention” C. “to make someone very tired”
13、D. “to make someone interested”20. “. the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that _.A. in books the world is more accessible to usB. we can ask to go anywhere in the worldC. we can make a claim to everything in this worldD. we can make a round-the-world trip free of charge (D)本书主要讲读好书的益处。C
14、细节理解题。由第一段第二句(absorb our attention completely)可知。C 推理判断题。由第二段第五、六和七句可知。D 细节理解题。由第二段第八句One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience.可知。C 猜测词义题。由两个分句的转折关系可知never weary应与bore反义，即weary与bore同义，都是“使人疲倦/厌烦”之意。A 推理判断题。由该句所处的语境可推知。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013安徽，D)“People are ru
15、der today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before，” says Patsy Rowe, “Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar(雷达)” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment, it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint(抱怨)about the noise.
16、 Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone pa
17、ying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings lifechanging news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages
18、by email.However, rudeness is never acceptable. Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont recognize you. If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned
19、messages is cruel and disgusting.We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpfu
20、l if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.文章大意：随着高科技的发展，人的行为变得越来越粗鲁。有些人不愿意与实际的人交流，而宁愿打电话、发短信，甚至发一些匿名的粗鲁短信。9What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?APeople can tell good from bad behavior.BRadar is able to observe human behavior.CPeople care little about the
21、ir behavior.DRadar can be used to predict human behavior.答案：C句意猜测题。整篇文章讲的是随着高科技的发展，人的行为越来越粗鲁，故选C项。10Some people are less willing to deal with humans because _.Athey are becoming less patientBthey are growing too independentCthey have to handle many important messagesDthey have to follow an evolution
22、ary step backward答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段的“To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds.”可知，一些人不愿意与人交流是因为与人交流太慢，也就是说他们变得越来越没有耐心。11The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is _.Aridiculous Bdisgusting Cacceptable
23、 Dreasonable答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段的“Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.”可知，作者认为发送不署名的可恶短信是残忍的，令人作呕的。12What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWe should applaud good behavior.BTechnology can never be blamed.CWe should keep pointing out mistakes.DTechnology will take over our
24、lives one day.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一句“it would be even more help if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them”可知A项正确；B项和本段的第一句意思有差别；根据“People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners”和“Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.”可轻易排除C、D两项。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个
25、选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013陕西，C)According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层). Class, power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.Class means a persons economic position in society. A commonly used classification i
26、s lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interest
27、ingly, a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power, but people who ta
28、ke orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相应的)economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. To our knowle
29、dge, there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the US. Senate!Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high
30、social class or have a lot of power over others.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，阐明了阶级、权力、地位的定义以及三者之间的关系。13What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?APeople earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.BNearly half Americans belong to the middle class.CPeople generally consider bus drivers as th
31、e middle class.DSociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.答案：B细节理解题。由第二段第四句话可知美国中产阶级占46%，差不多一半，故B项正确。由第五句话“有趣的是年收入五十万美元的外科医生和五万美元的公交车司机都自认为是中产阶级”，是“自认为”，所以AC项都不对。由第三句话可知D项错误。14According to the text, we know that _.Apower and class do not always correspond with each otherBstatus refers
32、 to a persons economic position in societyCpeople with high status have a lot of control over othersDclass is less important in deciding a persons social rank答案：A细节理解题。由第三段第三句话Power and class do not always go hand in hand，可知A项正确。由第四段第一句话可知B项错误；由第四段最后一句话可知C项错误；由第一段第二句话可知D项错误。15Which of the following
33、shows the structure of the whole text?答案：A语篇结构题。第一段总体介绍阶级、权力、地位在确定一个人的社会等级方面都很重要，第二三四段分别说明了阶级、权力、和地位，采用了总分结构。故选A项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians h
34、ave a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or
35、, in the case of veterans hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教会) or other non-profit groups.Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medica
36、l schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal governments Public Health Service.Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. Speciali
37、sts, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would be physicians first attend college f
38、or four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. Th
39、ey still face three to five years of residency(实习阶段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share t
40、he expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each others patients in emergencies.Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physic
41、ians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.1. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _. A. a churchB. a corporationC. a cityD. a state2. The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _.A. scho
42、oling and retrainingB. practice in a hospitalC. facilities he or she usesD. education he or she receives3. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?A. About seven years.B. Eight years. C. Ten years.D. About twelve years.4.
43、 Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _.A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of themB. they can take turns to work long hoursC. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulderD. no one wants
44、to assume too much responsibility5 Which of the following statements could fully express the authors view towards physicians payment in the USA?A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because the
45、ir work is very dangerous.C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded. 全解全析BDDCA在美国，医师是高报酬职业之一。这是由于他们需要较长时间的学习和高学费投入的缘故。B。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后两句话中可得出答案。D。主旨题。从第 3 段的最后部分中可得出答案。D。计算题。从第 3 段的 Most would be physicians first attend college for four years Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four yearsThey still face three to five years of residency 可知答案为 D。C。细节题。从第 4 段第2句可找到答案。A。主旨题。通读全文便知高额学费和职业风险是医师获得高报酬的原因。
