1、Unit21HumanBiology(主题语境:人与社会科学与技术)核心考点课堂突破1.abusevt.辱骂;滥用;虐待n.滥用;虐待;辱骂,恶语教材原句Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance,they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.(P34)服用这些药物被认为是“吸毒”,尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩,但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的健康麻烦。语境巧
2、练用所给词的适当形式填空The land is a living thing.It will hit back at you if you (abuse) it.I never expected that he (abuse) the trust I placed in him.完成句子父母还应自己不酗酒为孩子做出榜样。Parents also should set an example to their children by .考点必记abuse ones position as.滥用的职务abuse ones power滥用职权abuse ones trust背信弃义drug/alcoh
3、ol abuse吸毒/酗酒写作佳句Those who abuse drugs are likely to try to obtain them illegally.那些滥用毒品的人可能设法非法获得毒品。2.toleratevt.容忍,忍受,宽恕;容许;能经受(困难)教材原句The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.(P34)由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式,体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空In contemporary culture,physi
4、cal expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful (tolerate).such measures will become more a vehicle for (intolerant) than integration.How can you tolerate his (shout) at you?小话题写作我们数学老师很温柔,很友善,对我们这些学生很宽容。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Our maths teacher is extremely gentle and friendly and very
5、 .考点必记tolerate+n.容忍tolerate doing.容忍/容许做tolerate sb/sbs doing容忍某人做toleration n.忍受,宽容,容许tolerable adj.可容忍的,可忍受的;过得去的(in)tolerant adj.(不能)忍受的,(无法)容忍的tolerance n.容忍;忍受,宽容;耐力intolerance n.不能容忍be (in)tolerant of/towards(不能)容忍3.seekv.(sought,sought)寻求,请求;试图,设法;寻找,追求教材原句Doping is not only a problem in athl
6、etics,it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.(P34)服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题,每个运动项目都存在这个问题,运动员想取得超常体育成绩而准备作弊。语境巧练单句语法填空They heard the barking of the lost dog and (seek) it out.Besides,businesses seek (appeal) to customers sense
7、s.Your lives are busy enough doing homework,playing sports,making friends,seeking your dreams.小话题写作人们可以在互联网上查找有关自己喜欢的明星的信息,并以折扣价购买机票,既省时又经济。On the Internet,people can their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well,which is both time-saving and economical.考点必记seek help from sb向某人请求帮助seek
8、for寻求,寻找seek out找出,挑出seek to do sth试图去做某事seek ones advice向某人征求意见seek ones fortune寻找出路,寻找发迹的机会seek after追求seeker n.搜索者;探求者写作佳句Its doubtful whether they will seek help from their relatives.他们是否会寻求亲属的帮助值得怀疑。4.opposev.反对;反抗,抵制教材原句Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research
9、 into it.(P34)基因治疗是很有争议的。许多人反对进一步研究。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空The local citizens strongly opposed (build) a new airport near the village.be patient to the people who are the complete (oppose) of that description.Many farmers (oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pet
10、s.小话题写作倡导用榜样来教育学生,程老师反对惩罚孩子。(2020全国卷,书面表达)Advocating educating students through models,Mrs.Chengkids.考点必记oppose sth反对某事oppose doing sth反对做某事be opposed to(doing) sth反对(做)某事opposed adj.反对的;截然不同的opposite adv.相对地,相反地;对面地adj.相对的,对面的prep.在对面n.反义词,对立的事物写作佳句Dad opposed driving our own car to visit Hangzhou
11、as he thought we might meet with traffic jam and it was not environmentally friendly.爸爸反对我们开车去杭州,因为他认为我们可能会遇到交通阻塞,而且这也不环保。5.contradictvt.违反,违背;与(其他事物)相矛盾,相反;反驳,批驳教材原句However,if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created,it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.(P34)然而,如果一代有强化
12、基因的运动明星被造出,这将有悖于整个运动精神。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空The suspects couldnt convince the police,and started contradicting (they).小话题写作妈妈要我在互联网上找到相关信息。但是我得到的信息丰富多样,或者甚至相互矛盾。 (2018江苏卷,书面表达)Mom asked me to find relevant information on the Internet.But the information I got was rich and varied,.考点必记contradict oneself 自相
13、矛盾contradiction n.矛盾,不一致;反驳contradictory adj.对立的,不一致的;相互矛盾的contradiction between .and.在和之间不一致(矛盾,对立)in direct contradiction to与恰恰相反写作佳句Young children should never contradict what their parents say.孩子们绝对不应顶撞父母。6.postponevt.推迟,延期经典例句He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day.他决定将探险活
14、动推迟到第二天。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空The (postpone) of “adult activities” could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities.(2018上海卷,完形填空)Lets postpone (make) a decision until we have more information.小话题写作由于我们学校非常重视这场比赛,而且我们从不推迟训练,因此我们相信我们会击败对手。(2019全国卷,书面表达)Since our school attaches great i
15、mportance to this game and we never ,we believe that well beat our opponent.考点必记postpone sth to/until.把某事延迟/推迟到postpone doing sth推迟做某事postponement n.延期;延缓名师点津postpone和delay,put off等意义相近,用法也相近,它们后面都应跟动词-ing形式。7.prohibitvt.禁止;阻止,使不可能教材原句Since the SARS epidemic ended,scientists have been doing trials o
16、n treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.(P38)从“非典”疫潮结束后,科学家们就在做治疗实验以防止将来再次发生。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空The bags (prohibit) in some 90 cities in California,including Los Angeles.(2018浙江卷,阅读理解B篇)Forbid their children from(visit) the web.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)完成句子李先生因为没有还清债务而不准乘飞机或乘火车出行。Mr Liby air or by train be
17、cause he hasnt paid off the debt.小话题写作他们负责禁止任何未经测试的人进入校园。(2020天津卷,书面表达)They took the responsibility ofthe school yard if his temperature was not tested.考点必记prohibit sth禁止某事prohibit doing sth禁止做某事prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事prohibition n.禁止;禁令名师点津表示“禁止某人做某事”结构还有:ban sb from doing sthforbid sb fr
18、om doing sthforbid sb to do sth8.robvt.抢夺,剥夺;使丧失;抢劫教材原句Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.(P40)特里在1990年因心脏病突发,大脑缺氧造成永久性伤害而陷入昏迷。语境巧练单句语法填空What a pity!The girl was robbed her normal childhood because of her disability.Armed (rob)
19、broke into the shop and demanded money from the safe.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could the money and paid for a place to stay in.While shopping,Mrs Smith had her pocket (pick).考点必记rob sb/a place抢劫某人/某处rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物;剥夺某人某物;使某人失去某物robbery n.抢劫,掠夺robber n.抢劫者,强盗词汇辨析rob指
20、公然用暴力抢劫他人的所有物,常用rob sb/sp of sth表示“抢劫某人/某处的某物”。steal意为“偷”,其宾语为偷的物品,常用steal sth from sb/sp表示“从某人/某处偷某物”。pick用以指“扒窃”,宾语一般为pocket之类的词。9.declinev.下降;婉拒n.下降;减少教材原句.it is generally agreed that a patients chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.(P40)人们普遍同意一个病人处于昏迷状态的时间越长恢复的可能性就减小。语境巧练单句语
21、法填空As the economy was decline,some people in the town had lost their jobs.(2020新高考全国卷,读后续写)We offered to give Sharon a ride home,but she (decline),saying that she felt like walking.(2020天津卷,单项填空).,more efforts must be made,because the population of the crane in the wild is the decline,.(2019江苏卷,完形填空
22、)小话题写作但是,去年中国的经济增长率下降了。However,China saw its economic growth rate last year.考点必记decline to/by.下降到/了a sharp decline急剧下降decline to do sth婉拒做某事in decline(=on the decline)下降,衰退decline in/of sth在某方面减少/下降fall/go into (a) decline开始衰落;陷入衰退写作佳句The company has gone into a decline because of falling demand.由于市
23、场需求下降,这家公司的生意每况愈下。10.submitvt.递交;提交;顺从;屈服;认输教材原句You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.(P41)你本来应该在六月十四日提交的。语境巧练单句语法填空Submit a topic proposal your history teacher.(2019天津卷,阅读理解A篇)Tomorrow is the last date for (submit) of entries for the competition.All important problems must (submit) to the
24、 committee for discussion.完成句子学生已经把论文递交给了导师。The students have their essays their tutors.考点必记submit sth (to sb)把某物递交(给某人)submit to服从于,屈从于;把提交给,向提出submission n.提交;投降;顺从submissive adj.服从的;屈从的;恭顺的11.atallcosts不管多大代价,无论如何教材原句The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather
25、than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed atallcosts.(P34)奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的愿望所亵渎。语境巧练完成句子我们必须不惜一切代价防止我们的计划被泄露出去。We must prevent our plan from being given away.那位士兵在那女孩遇溺时救了她,但却牺牲了自己的生命。The young soldier saved the girl from drowning,but onlyhis own life.我们正在不花钱而种植绝好的西红
26、柿!We are growing wonderful tomatoes !考点必记at the cost of以为代价;丧失,牺牲at a cost of以的费用/价格at cost按成本at no cost不花钱at any cost=at all costs以任何代价12.wipeout彻底毁灭;全部摧毁教材原句Epidemics can wipeout up to half of the population in urban areas.(P38)流行病可以消灭城市地区多达一半的人口。语境巧练单句语法填空“Honey,your basket is extra-special,” Mom
27、 said,gently wiping my hot tears.After a serious flu outbreak wipes 99.4% of the worlds population,a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.(2019全国卷,阅读理解A篇)完成句子尽管我们感到十分炎热,我们擦去汗水,继续收获西瓜。(2019北京卷,书面表达)Hot as we felt,weand continued harvesting the watermelons.考点必记wipe sth from/off sp把从某处
28、擦掉wipe sth away擦净或擦掉某物wipe ones tears擦干眼泪wipe sth clean/dry把擦干净/干写作佳句The volleyball girl wiped tears away,stood up and went on training,practicing blocking.那位女排姑娘擦去泪水,站起来,继续训练,练习拦网。13.Its+adj.+todosth结构教材原句Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatch athletes using illegal drugs.(P34)不幸的是,很难抓住使用禁药的运动员。语境巧练单句语法填
29、空.its much easier (excuse) yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.For children it is very,very difficult (cope) with emotion.(2018江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)Its really generous the little boy to share his only cake with his playmates
30、.考点必记该句是“Its+ adj.+to do sth”结构,表示“做是”,其中it为形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语。名师点津Its+adj.+for sb to do sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,vital,possible等。Its+adj.+of sb to do sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示其中sb的品行、性格或性质,常见的有:kind,nice,good,friendly,wise,careful,stupid,foolish,rude,unwise
31、,clever等。14.unless引导条件状语从句教材原句Unless we are careful,“gene-therapy” will be the next big threat.(P34)除非我们小心翼翼,否则,“基因治疗”将会成为下一个重大威胁。语境巧练单句语法填空Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinionhe wants their support.(2019天津卷,单项填空)It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur you understand tha
32、t the nutria (海狸鼠)are destroying vast wetlands every year.(2020全国卷,阅读理解C篇)小话题写作除非参加在校园举行的仪式,否则李江不会穿校服。(2019江苏卷,书面表达)Li Jiang doesnt wear school uniforms the ceremony held on campus.考点必记句中unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非,否则”,表示其后条件状语从句所表达的情况如果不发生,将发生主句的情况。unless可译作“如果不”或“除非,否则”。当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语动词含有动词be时,从句主语和b
33、e可以省去。写作佳句There is no fun in winning a thing unless you spare no efforts for it.如果不是你煞费苦心而得来的东西实在没有什么意思。15.havesthdone句型教材原句In the future,athletes who havetheirgeneschanged might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.(P34)将来,基因发生改变的运动员可能在仅仅8秒内跑完10
34、0米,或在不到两小时的时间里跑完马拉松。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空These include plants that have sensors (print) onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.(2020全国卷,阅读理解D篇)Higher-income parents tended to have children (play) with puzzles more frequently,and bo
35、th boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.(2020全国卷,阅读理解B篇)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).(2018天津卷,单项填空)完成句子为了成为一名合格的志愿者,我已通过阅读一些有关天津的书籍让自己得以提高,以便对天津有更多的了解。In order to be a qualified volunteer,I have by reading some books about Tianjin so a
36、s to know more about it.考点必记句中have sth done常可表示下面三个含义:(主语)请/派别人完成某事(主语)让某事被(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况名师点津在该结构中,have为使役动词,sth和done之间为被动关系,故用过去分词,而如果它们之间为主动关系,则应用have sth/sb do或have sth/sb doing结构。写作佳句The students had their classroom decorated very beautifully to celebrate National Day.学生们把教室装饰得十分漂亮来庆祝国庆。16.rather
37、than句型教材原句The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part ratherthan winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(P34)奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的愿望所亵渎。语境巧练单句语法填空Bill,rather than you, (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.I prefer to sta
38、y at home rather than (go) shopping with her.Rather getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心) response?(2020全国卷,七选五)小话题写作在欢迎仪式上我更喜欢穿传统的中式服装,而不是穿校服,因为传统的中式服装看起来更美丽、更时尚。(2019江苏卷,书面表达)I preferthe traditional Chinese dress the school uniform at the
39、welcome ceremony because the traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and stylish.考点必记句中的rather than是并列连词,该结构常用于平行结构中,连接相同的句子成分,即其两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。当其连接并列主语时,谓语的人称和数应与第一个主语一致。名师点津含有rather than的句型常表示“宁愿做,而不愿做”,常见的有:prefer to do sth rather than do sthwould do sth rather than do sthwould rather do s
40、th than do sth值得注意的是,would rather后面跟从句时应用虚拟语气形式,表示现在和将来情况应用过去时态(将来情况常含有情态动词),表示过去情况时应用过去完成时态。随堂巩固迁移运用.单句语法填空1.This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer (equip) and Internet facilities.(2019江苏卷,阅读理解C篇)2.After sharing the story online,I heard from s
41、omeone,who identified the lady Erin Smith.(2019天津卷,完形填空)3.Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.(2019北京卷,语法填空)4.I dont think its wise of young ladies to keep slim the cost of their health.5.It is wrong (assume) arts groups cannot
42、 make a profit.(2018江苏卷,任务型阅读).选词填空circumstances,statistics,doubtful,urban,controversial,underline,violating,equippedSome people are still 1. about whether people who are riding their electric motorbikes should be 2. with helmets,which should be not 3.Rules have been carried out that one riding an e
43、lectric motorbike without protection should be punished,especially in 4. areas.5. show helmets can protect people under some 6.So we should 7. the importance of wearing helmets,never 8. the rules.根据汉语提示补全短文内容1. (随着我们在学校的生活越来越忙碌,我们的健康已变得令人担忧).Here are my tips on how to stay healthy while were seeking
44、 to get ahead in study.First of all,we need a healthy diet.Under no circumstances should we skip breakfasts to save time and we should eat food that is healthy and easy to digest.2. (第二,不要再编站不住脚的借口,报怨没有时间锻炼).Give yourself a break and you will get a lot out of it.Third,stay in a good mood.3. (我们有时能以好
45、的故事或有趣的电影款待自己,因为积极的情绪对我们的健康有好的影响).4. (总之,以身体健康为代价如此努力地学习没有意义).If we lose health,all our efforts will be in vain.Unit21HumanBiology核心考点课堂突破1.abusewould abusenot abusing alcohol2.to be toleratedintoleranceshoutingtolerant of us students3.soughtto appealafterseek information about4.buildingoppositeoppo
46、sedis opposed to punishing5.themselvesor even contradictory6.postponementmakingpostpone training7.are prohibitedvisitingis prohibited from travellingprohibiting anyone from entering8.ofrobbershave stolenpicked9.indeclinedona decline in10.tosubmissionbe submittedsubmitted;to11.at all costsat the cost
47、 ofat no cost12.awayoutwiped sweat away13.to excuseto copeof14.unlessunlessunless he attends15.printedplaytakenhad myself improved16.isgothanto wear;rather than wear随堂巩固迁移运用.1.equipment2.as3.an4.at5.to assume.1.doubtful2.equipped3.controversial4.urban5.Statistics6.circumstances7.underline8.violating
48、.1.With our life in school getting busier and busier,our health has become a cause for concern2.Second,stop making lame excuses complaining about having no time to exercise3.We can treat ourselves to a good story or an interesting movie sometimes,for positive emotions will have good effects on our health4.In a word,there is no point in working so hard at the cost of our own health
