1、Unit 19Language知识清单重点单词1._ n. 缺席；不在；缺乏；不存在_ adj. 缺席的；缺乏的；不存在的2_ adj. 不省人事的；未意识到的；无意识的_ n. 无意识；意识不清；人事不省3_vt. 扎牢；系牢；束紧 _ n. 纽扣；拉链_n. 扣件；紧固件4_ vt. 保证；担保 n. 保证；保证书_n. 保证人；担保人5_ vt. 校正；校准；调整；调节 vi. 适应_n. 调节；校正；调整6_ adj. 紧的；绷紧的；吝啬的 adv. 紧紧地_adv. 紧紧地_vt. (使)变紧7_ vt. 使窘迫；使尴尬；使不好意思_n. 窘迫；困惑；为难_ adj. 使人尴尬的_a
2、dj. 感到窘迫的；尴尬的8_ int. 谢谢；再见；干杯_ adj. 令人振奋的；令人欢欣鼓舞的_adj. 高兴的；快乐的；兴高采烈的9_ vt. 包围；环绕；围绕_ adj. 周围的_n. 周围的事物；环境10_ vt. 通知；告知；向报告 _n. 情报；资料；消息_ adj. 见多识广的；了解情况的重点短语1._ _ (使)走在前面；进步；获得成功 2._ _ 流行起来；懂得；理解3._ _ _ 未意识到 4._ _ 故意；有意 5._ _ 遵守；信守；坚持 6._ _ 花费；付出(时间等)；打断；插嘴；安装；正式提出；申请 7_ _ 如果；只要；倘若；条件是8_ _ _ 简单地说重点句
3、式1.If you saw a father patting his son on the back while_smiling_happily,_what would you think was going on?2The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are_said_to have begun their decline when it was realized that.核心语法名词性从句自我校对重点单词：1absence; absent2.be unconscious; unconsciousness3.fasten; fastener; fasten
4、ing4.guarantee; guarantor5adjust; adjustment6.tight; tightly; tighten7.embarrass; embarrassment; embarrassing; embarrassed8cheers; cheering; cheerful9.surround; surrounding; surroundings10.inform; information; informed重点短语：1get ahead2.catch on3.unconscious of4.on purpose5.keep to6.put in7.provided t
5、hat8.to put it simply重点词汇探究1absence n缺席；不在；缺乏；不存在常与介词from连用。in (during) ones absence / in (during) the absence of sb 当某人不在时absence of mind 心不在焉；发呆1)His long _ raised fears about his safety. 他长期不在使得大家担心他的安全。2)What was the real reason for your _？ 你缺席的真正原因是什么？3)We are _ _ _ _ experience. 我们缺乏经验。【答案】1)a
6、bsence2)absence3)in the absence of(1)完成句子_ _ _ _ the manager, I shall be in charge. 经理不在时，由我负责。【答案】In the absence of(2)名校押题(2010山东省实验中学诊断性测试) The old man told the story with_of any humour, which made us disappointed.Aappearance Babsence Csense Demotion 【答案与解析】 B考查名词。题意：老人讲故事缺乏幽默感，这让我们非常失望。appearance
7、“外表；出现”； absence of humour“缺乏幽默感”； a sense of humour “幽默感”； emotion“情感”。 2surround vt. 包围；围住；围绕；环绕；与紧密相关surround sb / sth (with sb / sth) (使某人/某物)包围某人/某物；围住某人/某物(尤指使之无法脱逃)surround sth / sb (by / with sth) (常用于被动语态)包围或环绕某人/某物surround oneself with 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)1)They have _ the town with troo
8、ps. 他们出动军队包围了这个镇。2)Trees _ the pond. 池塘四周绿树环抱。3)The house _ _ _ high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。4)The new plan _ _ _ much speculation. 新计划备受猜疑。【答案】1)surrounded2)surround3)was surrounded by4)is surrounded by(1)完成句子David loved to _ _ _ young people. 戴维很喜欢和年轻人在一起。【答案】surround himself with(2)名校押题(2011江苏南京调研)She ha
9、s always been _ with fashionable friends. Asurrounded BsurveyedCsuspected Dsurvived【答案与解析】A考查动词。be surrounded with sb是surround oneself with sb 的被动形式，意为“被某人环绕着”。 3adjust vt. & vi. 调整；调节；适应；习惯adjust ones clock把钟表调准adjust to (doing) sth 适应/习惯(做)某事adjust oneself to sth 使某人自己适应某事1)The brave guy determine
10、d to _ _ _ the desert life in Africa soon.这个勇敢的小伙子决心使自己很快适应非洲沙漠的生活。2)The new students slowly _ _ _ the new life.新生们逐渐地适应了新生活。【答案】1)adjust himself to2)adjusted themselves to(1)完成句子 She _ _ _ the new climate.她很快适应了新气候。【答案】adapted (herself) quickly to(2)名校押题(2010浙江八校联考)Over the years, we all learned to
11、_ and to adapt to our new family arrangement.Aadjust BconcernCcombine Ddeclare【答案与解析】A考查动词。题意：经过这些年以后，我们都学会了调整自己，学会了适应我们新的家庭规则。4embarrass vt. 使(某人)觉得不自然、忸怩、尴尬或害羞；使(某人)不安或焦虑 常跟sb作宾语或用于被动语态。1)You didnt _ me in the slightest. 你一点也没让我为难。2)She dragged up that incident again just _ _ me. 她又扯起那件事故意让我难堪。3)H
12、e _ _ _ many debts. 他被很多债务弄得焦头烂额。【答案】1)embarrass2)to embarrass3)was embarrassed by(1)完成句子When I began to sing, he laughed, which made me _.我开始唱歌时，他大笑起来，这使我感到很尴尬。【答案】embarrassed(2)名校押题(2010江苏南京调研)It is _ that our streets are so dirty.Aembarrassment Bembarrassed Cembarrassing Dembarrass【答案与解析】C题意：我们的街
13、道这么脏，真叫人难堪。此句中的It为形式主语， is后面要填形容词，且在此句中的含义是“令人难堪的”。5congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜congratulate sb on (doing) sth 因某事向某人道贺congratulate yourself (on sth) (为成就或成功)感到高兴；感到自豪congratulation 为名词形式，意为“恭贺；祝贺”，一般用复数形式。1) I _ you _ your great discovery.我祝贺你的伟大发现。2)I want to _ you with all my heart.我衷心地祝贺你。【答案】1)cong
14、ratulate; on2)congratulatecongratulate和celebratecongratulate专指对个人经过努力获得的成功的祝贺，只以言语表达祝贺之意； celebrate指以行为(如送礼、开聚会等)来庆祝生日、节日等。congratulate的宾语一般是人，而celebrate的宾语一般是事件。(1)完成句子I think he expects to be _ every time he does the washing up. 我觉得他期望每次做了大扫除都受表扬一番。【答案】congratulated(2)名校押题(2009山东)John and I will c
15、elebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.Oh, _！ Acheer up Bwell done Cgo ahead Dcongratulations【答案与解析】D考查交际用语。表示祝贺用congratulations。cheer up“高兴起来；振作起来”； well done“干得好”，表示夸赞； go ahead“开始吧”。 6guarantee vt. 保证；担保 n. 保证；担保；保证金；抵押品guard vt. 保卫；警卫 n. 警卫员；看守guarantor n. 担保人；保证人1)We cannot _ the
16、punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather. 我们不能保证火车在雾天能正点到达。2)An advanced degree is no _ of a dream job. 拥有高学历并不能保证你会找到理想的工作。【答案】1)guarantee2)guarantee(1)完成句子We _ that youll enjoy yourself. 我们包你玩得痛快。【答案】guarantee(2)名校押题(2010山东百所名校联考)If you send the application form in straight away, I can _ you an
17、 interview.Aguarantee BconcludeCevaluate Dassume【答案与解析】A考查动词。guarantee “保证”； conclude“推断；结束”； evaluate“评价；评估”； assume“假定；认为；以为”。7inform vt. 通知；告知；熟悉 vi. (向警方)告发或检举inform sb (of / about sth) 告知/检举某人某事inform sb that 熟悉/了解/检举inform against / on sb告发某人1)Please _ me by letter of your plans. 请来信告诉我你的计划。2)
18、If you see anything suspicious, _ the police at once. 你要是看到什么可疑的东西就马上通知警察。3)All those who are immediately involved will _ _ _ the decision. 这个决定将被通知给所有直接有关的人。4)He _ the police that some money was missing. 他向警方报案说钱不见了。 5)One of the criminals _ _ the rest of the gang. 有一罪犯告发了同党。【答案】1)inform2)inform3)b
19、e informed of4)informed5)informed against(1)完成句子 I read the newspaper to keep myself _ as to what is happening everywhere. 我看报纸让自己知道世界上发生了什么事。【答案】informed(2)名校押题(2010浙江省重点中学联考)I_of the decision until yesterday morning.Agot informed Bdidnt inform Cwasnt informed Dwas informed【答案与解析】Cinform意为“通知；让某人知道
20、”，为及物动词，其宾语为人，此处应该用被动式，即be / get informed；另外本句运用了not.until结构。8ensure vt. 确保；保证 ensure make sure “确保；保证” 其后可以跟 sth / that从句 / sb sth作宾语。1)His ability will _ him success.他的能力确保他会成功的。2)I can _ _ the work shall be done on time.我可以保证工作会按时完成。【答案】1)ensure2)ensure that(1)完成句子The role of the police is _ _the
21、 law is obeyed. 警察的作用就是保证人们遵守法律。【答案】to ensure(2)名校押题(2010海南重点中学联考)To _ the childs quick recovery, many doctors and nurses took turns in looking after him day and night.Aapproach BrequireCensure Dpromise【答案与解析】C考查动词。ensure make sure about / of “确保；保证”。重点短语探究1get ahead (使)走在前面；取得进步；获得成功get about / aro
22、und / round (消息、谣言等)传播；流传get (sth) across (to sb)(使某事)传播或为人理解get along with sb 与某人合得来；与某人和睦相处get sth back 失而复得；重新得到get over sth 克服；战胜；掌握get through 用完；消耗掉(一定量的某物)；(设法)做或完成某事；接通电话get (sb) through (sth)(帮助某人)(考试、测验等)及格1)The car behind wants to _ _ _ us. 后面那辆车想超过我们。2)By doing extra homework, he soon _
23、_ _ his classmates. 他靠多做家庭作业，很快在班上名列前茅。3)Ive _ _ _ my work. 我的工作已经有进展了。 【答案】1)get ahead of2)got ahead of3)got ahead with(1)完成句子He always tries to _ _ _ others in everything. 他总是试图处处领先他人。【答案】get ahead of(2)名校押题(2011黄冈中学高三一模)I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt _.Aget along Bget onCget to Dget th
24、rough【答案与解析】D考查动词短语。get along和get on都意为“相处；进展”； get to“到达”； get through“打通电话”。 2on purpose 有意地；故意地 同义短语：by design反义短语：by accident / chanceon purpose有意地；故意地to the purpose 中肯to no purpose 无效；没有作用for the purpose of 为了1)What is the _ of the meeting? 会议的目的是什么？ 2)If you joke with him hell think you are in
25、sulting him _ _. 如果你和他开玩笑，他会认为你在有意羞辱他。【答案】1)purpose2)on purpose(1)完成句子1)He has left his book here_ _， so that you can read it. 他故意把书留在这里以便你能读一读。2)He spoke nothing _ _ _. 他说的一点都不得要领。3)All my effort were _ _ _ . 我所有的努力都付之东流了。4)I came to Brighton _ _ _ _ seeing you. 我到布赖顿是特地来看你的。【答案】1)on purpose2)to th
26、e purpose3)to no purpose4)for the purpose of(2)名校押题(2011山东省实验中学模拟)Forgive him, please. I dont think he broke your mirror_.Awith care Bon purpose Cfor fun Dwith aim【答案与解析】B题意：请原谅他吧，我认为他不是故意把你的镜子打碎的。3catch on 流行起来；受欢迎；懂得；理解 be caught in (the rain, a trap) 遇雨；陷入(圈套)catch at 试图一把抓住catch someone doing st
27、h 撞上/发现某人在做某事catch up with 追上；赶上1)It is a nice song and I think it will _ _ quickly. 这首歌很好，我想它很快会流行起来。2)Hes always the last to _ _. 他总是最后一个弄明白。3)After a few days on the job, youll _ _ _ what youre doing. 工作几天后，你就会对你的工作内容有所了解了。4)The lady repeated her question several times but I still couldnt _ _. 那位
28、女士把她的问题重复了好几遍，但我还是没有听懂。【答案】1)catch on2)catch on3)catch on to4)catch on(1)完成句子He invented a new game, but it never really _ _. 他发明了一种新的游戏，但从未真正流行起来。【答案】caught on(2)名校押题(2010吉林省实验中学月考) It took me a long time to _ the directions on the machine.Acatch on to Bcatch up with Cturn to Drefer to【答案与解析】A考查动词短
29、语。题意：我花了很长时间才看懂机器上的说明。 catch on to“懂得；理解”； catch up with“追上；赶上”； turn to“转向；求助于”； refer to“查阅；参考”。 4keep to 固守；遵守；坚持； 待在某处； 靠向；使不偏离；限制在(某话题、某范围内) keep at 继续做 keep back 阻止；控制；隐瞒；扣留；延迟keep off 避开；不吃；不喝；勿走近；阻止 keep on 继续keep out 留在外面；使不进入keep up 保持；持续keep up with 跟上；不落后 keep away from 不靠近；远离keep sb doi
30、ng sth 让某人一直做某事keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep sth in mind 记住某事keep in touch with 与保持联系1)He always _ _ his promises. 他总是坚守诺言。2)He still _ _ his first resolution. 他仍坚持他最初的决定。3)He has decided to _ _ his bed. 他决定卧床。4)The weather is so terrible that most people are forced to _ _ the house. 天气太糟糕了，大多
31、数人都被迫待在家里。5)In China, traffic _ _ the right. 在中国，车辆是靠右行驶的。【答案】1)keeps to2)keeps to3)keep to4)keep to 5)keeps to(1)完成句子Lets _ _ the subject since we dont have much time. 我们不要离题，因为我们时间不多了。【答案】keep to(2)名校押题(2010山东省百所重点中学联考)No matter what you say, I shall _ my plan.Acarry on Bkeep upCput on Dkeep to【答案
32、与解析】D考查动词短语。题意：无论你说什么，我都坚持我的计划。carry on “继续”； keep up “保持；继续”； put on “增加；穿戴”； keep to “遵守；信守；坚持”。5provided that 如果；只要；倘若；条件是 provided that 为连词短语，相当于providing that / supposing that。上述三个短语中的that均可省略。 on condition that 如果；只要so / as long as 只要；如果1)I will go, _ _ you go too. 你也去的话我就去。2)We shall go _ the
33、 weather is fine. 只要天晴， 我们就去。3)_ _ circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week. 只要情况允许，我们下周就举行会议。4)I will agree to go _ (that) my expenses are paid. 假如不要我负担费用， 我就同意去。【答案】1)provided / providing / supposing that2)provided / providing / supposing3)Provided / Providing / Supposing that4)pr
34、ovided / providing / supposing(1)单项填空You may use my kitchen as you like _ you clean it up afterwards. Aso far as Bso long as Cin case Deven if 【答案与解析】B考查连词短语。so / as far as“和一样远；就而言”； so / as long as表示条件，意为“只要”； in case“以防”； even if表示让步，意为“即使”。(2)名校押题(2011天津十校联考)Marys parents dont mind what job she
35、does _ she is happy.Aeven though Bas soon as Cas long as Das though 【答案与解析】C考查连词短语。even though“即使”； as soon as“一就”； as long as“只要”； as though“好像；似乎”。重点句型探究1. If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on?如果你看到一位父亲高兴地微笑着轻拍他儿子的背，你认为发生了什么事？(1)p
36、at sb on the 身体的部位(2)strike / hit / beat sb in / on / by the 身体的部位(3)grasp / catch / lead sb / sth by the 部位词(4).what would you think was going on? 此句为混合型特殊疑问句，其句型结构为“特殊疑问词插入语陈述句句式”。注意：打较坚硬的部位一般用on，较软部位用in。【仿写】她紧紧抓住小男孩的手。_【答案】She grasped the boy by the hand.1)The headmaster _ the pupil _ _ _. 校长轻轻地拍
37、了拍那个学生的肩膀。2)What _ _ _ they are up to now? 你猜他们现在在干什么？3)Where _ _ _ the meeting will be held? 你认为会议将在哪里举行？【答案】1)patted; on the shoulder2)do you think3)do you suppose(1)完成句子 He hit me_the nose. 他打了我的鼻子。 【答案】on(2)名校押题(2010海南四校联考)_ apple fell from the tree and hit a passerby right on _ head.AAn; the BT
38、he; theCAn; 不填 DThe; 不填【答案与解析】A考查冠词。前面是泛指一个苹果，故用不定冠词an；后面考查句型“hit sb on the 身体的部位”，故用定冠词the。2The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are said to have begun their decline. 据说加拉帕戈斯龟的数量已开始变少本句用了“sb / sth be said / believed / reported to do sth / be doing sth / have done sth” 这一句型，该句型意为“据说某人/某物”。【仿写】据说玛丽这些日子
39、在写一部新的小说。_【答案】Mary is said to be writing a new novel these days.1)The fox _ _ to be very sly. 据说狐狸很狡猾。2)He _ _ _ _ the founder of modern astronomy. 他被誉为现代天文学的奠基人。 【答案】1)is said2)is said to be(1)单项填空(2011南京调研)It is _ that his proposals are theoretically correct but practically impossible. Asaid Bto s
40、ay Csaying Dbeing said【答案与解析】A本题考查固定句型“It is / was said that.”。(2)名校押题(2010杭州七校联考)The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Wang Meng, who was reported _ the world record in womens 500m short track speed skating.Abreaking Bhaving broken Cto have broken Dto break【答案与解析】C考查句型“sb / sth be believed / rep
41、orted. to do / to be doing / to have done”。根据题意可知“王蒙打破纪录”这一动作已发生，故用动词不定式的完成时。 高考真题探究1(2010 安徽，35)_？That would be great! Please drop me off at the library.ACould you bring me the bill BWould you like me to give you a liftCCould you tell me the postcode for ParisDWould you like to have my email addres
42、s【答案与解析】B考查交际用语。根据答语“请在图书馆门口让我下车”可知B项正确，意为“你要我送你吗？”2(2010 湖北，26)I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ said errors like this could be avoided. Amerely Bmostly Crarely Dnearly【答案与解析】A考查副词。 mostly“大部分地；通常地”； nearly almost“几乎”； rarely“很少地；几乎不”； merely“仅仅；只不过”。题意：我并没有责怪任何人，我只是说类似这样的错误是可以避免的。3(2010 辽宁，23)Jim went t
43、o answer the phone. _， Harry started to prepare lunch.A However BNevertheless CBesides DMeanwhile【答案与解析】D考查副词。题意：吉姆去接电话，与此同时，哈里开始准备午餐。前后两个句子是相同的语义关系，在时间上表示同时，所以用meanwhile。4(2010 四川，1)Heres your change._ AThank you. BDont mention it. CNo problem. DWith pleasure.【答案与解析】A考查情景交际。题意：“这是找你的零钱。”“谢谢。”A项符合语境
44、。dont mention it用于回答道谢或道歉；no problem和with pleasure两项用于回答求助。5(2010 全国，18)Can I help you? Are you looking for anything in particular today?_. Were just looking.AYes please BNo, thank you CYes, you can DNo, you neednt【答案与解析】B考查情景交际。结合语境，考查拒绝帮助的答语。6(2010 福建，35)We should respect food and think about the
45、people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether【答案与解析】C考查宾语从句。题意：我们应该尊重食物，想一想那些人，他们没有我们拥有的食物，但是珍惜食物。what引导宾语从句，且what在宾语从句中作宾语。 7(2010 上海，36)One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.Athat Bhow
46、 Cwhat Dwhy【答案与解析】A考查表语从句。that引导表语从句，此处that不可以省略。题意：她偏爱城市生活的原因之一是在城市里容易找到像商店和餐馆一样的地方。8(2010北京，32)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dwhether【答案与解析】B考查表语从句。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。题意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波
47、菲尔的部分原因是这本书非常贴近他的真实生活。9(2009江苏，22)Ann is in hospital.Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her.Adidnt; am going to Bdont; would Cdont; will Ddidnt; will【答案与解析】D考查将来时表示法，第1空使用过去时是表示在此之前不知道，但现在知道了，因为对方告诉了你；第2空为有表示临时产生的念头，应使用will / shall构成将来时。10(2009湖南，23)When he_the door, he found his keys were nowhe
48、re.Awould open Bopened Chad opened Dwas to open【答案与解析】D考查将来时的用法。此处使用“be 动词不定式”结构表示将来，意为“准备做某事”。A项为过去将来时，一般不能用于时间状语从句；若使用B、C两项，则会出现逻辑矛盾。模拟试题探究1(2011哈尔滨三中高三月考)According to _ recent report, large ice cream producers usually have _ better production record.Aa; theB不填； a Ca; a Dthe; the【答案与解析】C考查介词。题意：根据
49、最近的一次报道，大冰激凌供应商的销售要好些。两次均表示泛指，故选C项。2(20102011辽宁省东北育才学校三模)Too high house prices can be brought under control, _ the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.Aeven if Bas ifCso that Dprovided that【答案与解析】D题意：假如政府引入一系列控制政策，高房价可以得到控制。even if“即使”； as if“好像”；so that“因此”；provided that“假如”。 3(20
50、11福州三中高三月考) _， the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true.ABeing disabled as theyBAlthough disabled they areCDisabled though they areDAs they are disabled【答案与解析】C当though引导让步状语从句时，可以使用倒装句型；as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装。4(2011河北省唐山一中高三调研)Mathilde and her husband turned the whole room upside down _ the
51、 lost necklace.Ain favor of Bin want of Cin charge of Din search of 【答案与解析】D题意：Mathilde和她的丈夫把整个房子翻个遍以寻找那个丢失的项链。in favor of“赞成；有利于”；in want of“需要”；in charge of“主管”；in search of“寻找”。5(2010湖南省长郡中学高三月考) _ he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.AWhat BThat CWhether DIf【答案与解析】B考查主语从句。“he will go to work in a mountain village”是句子主语，surprises是谓语。主语从句如果没有特殊疑问词作句子成分的话，就要用that作为引导词，其没有任何含义，但是不能省略。
