1、高三英语培优外刊阅读班级：_学号：_姓名：_外刊精选美国大公司宣言：盈利不再是企业头号目标一家企业的头号目标是什么？长期以来，美国企业一直都把盈利，也就是给股东创造最大利益作为首要目的。但是，近期包括苹果的库克、亚马逊的贝索斯在内的181位美国顶级CEO联合发表声明，主张企业放弃“股东至上”理念，承担更多的社会责任。有人认为这是动摇资本主义的革命性宣言，也有人觉得这不过是老生常谈。那么，这些企业为什么要有此转变？企业意义究竟是什么？Top CEOs ditch maximizing shareholder value as top priorityThe Business Roundtable
2、, a coterie of the top CEOs from the US, has put out a statement to make known its commitment to scrape the long-held belief of shareholder primacy to pursue a new direction in corporate governance.Shareholder primacy, a theory espoused by US economist & Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman, states that t
3、he primary duty of businesses is to maximize shareholders interests.The statement, signed by 181 top US CEOs of companies including Walmart, Amazon and Apple, has reimagined the corporate purpose of American companies to make room for more social responsibilities.In the new pledge, the elite US comp
4、anies have sworn their allegiance to delivering value to customers, investing in employees, dealing fairly with suppliers, supporting communities and generating long-term shareholder value.The move comes at a time when corporate America is facing the music over income inequality, unsafe products and
5、 subpar working conditions.Nevertheless, not everyone is ready to fall hook, line and sinker for the new mission statement. “I dont believe what theyre saying for a moment,” Senator Bernie Sanders said. “If they were sincere, they would talk about raising the minimum wage in this country to a living
6、 wage, the need for the rich and powerful to pay their fair share of taxes.”【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.ditch dt vt. _2.maximize mksmaz vt. _3.coterie ktri n. _mitment kmtmnt n. _5.scrape skrepvt. _6.pursue psju vt. _7.espouse spaz vt. _8.reimagine rimdn vt. _9.move muv n._【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.股
7、东价值_2.最高优先级_3.商业圆桌会议_4.公开；公布某事_5.股东至上_6.公司治理_7.社会责任 _8.对某物或者某人宣誓效忠_9.某件事情的发生正值某个时期_10.因某事而受到指责_ 11.对某事深信不疑；完全买账_拓展练习阅读理解The stock market is an important part of the world economy. The market itself is not a single place, like a store, but rather a system in which people buy and sell stocks. Obviousl
8、y, people invest（投资）in stocks to make money. There are two basic ways to make money in the stock market.One way to make money involves sharing some of the companys profits(利润). Basically, when someone buys stocks in a company, that person becomes a shareholder- one of many part-owners. As a part-own
9、er, the shareholder gets part of any money that is left over after the company pays for costs and development. Usually, when a company is making a profit, it sends money to its shareholders up to four times a year. Sometimes the companies offer shareholders more stocks instead of cash. In either cas
10、e, this payment is known as a dividend (红 利）. For people who own many shares of stock, dividends can add up to a great deal of money.People can also make money when stock prices go up. When stock prices go up, the value of that stock increases. Thus, shareholders make money when they sell the stock
11、at a higher price. However, stock prices dont always go up. Sometimes they stay the same; or worse, they go down. Of course, all shareholders hope stock prices go up, so they can make money on their investment. However, in the end, buying stocks is a lot like playing a betting game, and the investor
12、 who buys stocks is betting that the price will go up.The question, then, is who controls stock prices? Actually, stock prices fluctuate (波动）due to several factors (因素）. When a companys profits increase, its stock prices usually go up as well. Also, when business in general is good or bad in a parti
13、cular industry, such as the IT industry, it can affect the stock prices of individual companies within that industry. Furthermore, sometimes there are global money problems that cause serious trouble for investors all around the world. Often, when this happens, the prices of most stocks on the stock
14、 market fall sharply. That, in turn, causes more global money problems, which can lower stock prices even more.44.What is the text mainly about?A.How companies make a profit.B.How stock prices go up and down.C.How investors predict stock prices.D.How people gain money in the stock market.45.What do
15、shareholders get from the company?A.Yearly payments.B.Part of its profits.C.A share of its products.D.Cash prizes four times a year.46.Why is buying stocks like playing a betting game?A.Stock prices change too quickly.B.Its difficult for investors to make money.C.Its difficult to predict stock price
16、s.D.Shareholders buy their stocks at a high price.47.What will happen if global money problems occur?A.Investments in stocks will rise.B.Companies will earn good profits.C.Business in specific industries will disappear.D.The stock market will suffer a huge price drop.外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.
17、ditch dt vt. 摆脱；抛弃2.maximize mksmaz vt. 最大化3.coterie ktri n. 小集团；小圈子mitment kmtmnt n. 承诺5.scrape skrepvt. 摒弃；摒除6.pursue psju vt. 追求；寻求7.espouse spaz vt. 支持；拥护8.reimagine rimdn vt. 重新想象；重新构想9.move muv n. 举措【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.shareholder value股东价值2.top priority最高优先级3.The Business Roundtable商业圆
18、桌会议4.make sth known公开；公布某事5.shareholder primacy股东至上6.corporate governance公司治理7.social responsibility社会责任 8.swear allegiance to sth/sb对某物或者某人宣誓效忠e at a time when某件事情的发生正值某个时期10.face the music over sth因某事而受到指责 11.fall hook, line and sinker for sth对某事深信不疑；完全买账【全文翻译】顶级CEO集体倒戈，股东利益最大化理念不再至上由美国顶级首席执行官组成的名
19、为“商业圆桌会议”的组织发布了一份声明，公开承诺他们将摒弃长期奉行的“股东至上”理念，转而在公司治理中寻求新方向。“股东至上”理论受到美国经济学家及诺贝尔奖得主米尔顿弗里德曼的拥护，该理论认为企业的首要任务是最大化股东利益。这份声明由包括沃尔玛、亚马逊和苹果在内的181家美国大公司的首席执行官签署。它重新定义了美国公司的企业宗旨，为承担更多社会责任腾出精力。在该声明中，这些顶尖美国公司承诺将致力于为客户增值、投资员工、公平对待供应商、支持社区发展以及为股东创造长期价值。此举出台之际，美国企业正饱受收入不平等、产品不安全以及工作条件不达标等问题的批评。然而，并不是每个人都对这项新的使命宣言全盘买账。“我一点也不相信他们说的那一套，”参议员伯尼桑德斯说，“如果他们是真诚的，他们会讨论如何提高美国的最低工资以达到养家糊口的水平，以及得让那些有钱有势的人，纳他们该纳的那份税。”拓展练习阅读理解参考答案 44.D 45.B 46.C 47.D
