1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 2Working the landUsing Language词汇知识自主学习 . 用本单元适当的单词补全短语1. confuse the students使学生迷惑2. have no regret没有遗憾3. chemical change化学变化4. at each stage of production在生产的每个阶段5. make an important discovery有重大发现6. keep the soil dry保持土壤干燥7. reduc
2、e pollution and waste减少污染和浪费8. underline the topic sentence画底线标出主题句9. skim the passage略读课文10. make a comment发表评论11. the root of the problem问题的根源. 根据语境用适当的词补全句子1. In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of social activities. 2. His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more ex
3、perience in teaching. 3. Youd better turn to your teachers and classmates for help when meeting with any difficulties in study. 4. As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness leads to failure. 5. Although he tried to focus on his reading in the study, now and then his attention was attr
4、acted by the loud music outside. 6. The teacher often makes comments on/about how different the two boys are. 7. I hope you will keep yourself free from/of tobacco and alcohol. 8. We must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall. 9. It was foggy, so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometr
5、es an hour. 10. In the supermarket the foreign names of the products got mixed up and I was confused about what to buy. . 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子1. Recently, however, scientists have been finding (已经发现)that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples he
6、alth. 2. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition(生长得过快而营养不足). 3. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and ferti
7、le soil(从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物, 比如小麦或玉米). 4. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in(更富含)minerals and so more fertile(更肥沃). 阅读精析合作学习Task 1框架宏观建构: 整体理解Task 2文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。(1)From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who _. A. grow crops with chemical fer
8、tilizersB. grow crops with natural fertilizersC. produce organic fertilizersD. care for the environment(2)From the fourth paragraph, we know that _. A. its not good to plant grass between cropsB. peanuts use the grounds surfaceC. peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheatD. veget
9、ables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil(3)How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 答案: (1)(3)BBB2. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。译文: 为了阻止风把土壤吹走或水把土壤冲走, 使用有机耕作的农民们更喜欢在作物之间种草并且把它留在地里成为下一年作物的天然肥料。根据文章内容完成空格。CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Sci
10、entists discovery Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause (1)damage to the land and peoples health. Problems caused by chemical fertilizersThey damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the (2)harmful ones. Chemicals stay in the ground and underground water for a l
11、ong time, which (3)affects crops, animals and humans. Farmers and customers turn to organic farmingOrganic farming is simply farming (4)without using any chemicals. Organic farmers often prefer using natural waste from animals as (5)fertilizer. Other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often chan
12、ge the kind of (6)crop in each field every few years. Organic farmers plant crops to use different levels of (7)soil. Some organic farmers prefer planting (8)grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for
13、 the next years crop. Task 3阅读思维升华: 主题实践1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。What do you know about organic farming in general?Organic farming is important as more and more people focus on the quality of the food we eat. It means growing crops without using any chemicals. The main reason for using organic farming meth
14、ods is to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment and peoples health. 2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。(1)他过去很胖, 人们经常议论(comment)他的身材, 这让他很烦恼。(make+宾语+宾语补足语)。(2)妈妈告诉他他应该锻炼, 因为这有助于他增强体质(build up). (3)他按照妈妈告诉他的那样去做了, 减轻了(reduce)10千克体重。(4)他成为了社区的焦点(focus)人物, 许多人问他是如何成功减肥的。He used to be overweight and p
15、eople were always making comments on his shape, which made him annoyed. His mother told him that he should take exercise because it could help him build up his body. He did as his mother told him and reduced his weight by 10 kilos. He became the focus of his community and many people asked him how h
16、e managed to lose weight. 要点精研探究学习 1. confuse vt. 使迷惑; 使为难*It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 再次对此作出解释是很重要的, 否则我们会让学生们感到迷惑的。*Dont confuse the word “crop” with “grain”. 不要把“crop”和“grain”这两个单词弄混了。*I am still a bit confused about what happened. 我对发生的事仍有点困惑。*The instr
17、uctions are so confusing that I am totally confused. 说明书太令人费解了, 我完全糊涂了。(1)confuse A with B把A与B混淆(2)confused adj. (人)不知所措的; 困惑的be confused about. . . 对感到困惑(3)confusing adj. (事/物)令人困惑的; 难懂的v. -ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征, 意为“的; 令人的”; v. -ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态, 常用来描述人, 意为“感到的”。另外, 修饰face, look, expression, vo
18、ice等时, 常用v. -ed形式的形容词。【巧学助记】一言串记confuseFrom his confused expression, the student is confused about the confusing problem. 从他困惑的表情看, 这个学生对这个令人困惑的问题感到困惑。(2019江苏高考) In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. 一周内, 他就成了拥有一个500英尺高的圆锥体的困惑主人。(1) 语法填空。This is a very confusing (co
19、nfuse) experience. We felt confused with the difficult question. Im very confused about English pronunciation. (2)同义句改写。He was confused with the present situation so he didnt know what to do next. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)Confused with the present situation, he didnt know what to do next. 2. regret vt. 遗憾; 惋
20、惜n. 遗憾; 懊悔*You should say sorry to your brother. No, I dont regret quarrelling with him. 你应该向你的兄弟道歉。不, 我不后悔与他吵架。* I regret to tell you that I cant travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time. 我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京旅游了。*Much to my regret/To my great regret, I am unable to accept your in
21、vitation. 令我深感遗憾的是, 我不能接受你的邀请。(1)regret doing/having done. . . 后悔做了regret to. . . 对要做的事情感到遗憾 (2)with regret遗憾地to ones regret令某人遗憾的是feel regret for为感到遗憾(3)regrettable adj. 可惜的, 可叹的【巧学助记】 regret用法串记I regretted to tell her that she had been dismissed. Much to my regret, she said to me, “I have no regre
22、t. I only regret having taken the wrong job. ”我很遗憾地告诉她她被解雇了。让我深感遗憾的是, 她对我说: “我没有任何遗憾, 我只是后悔选错了工作。”(2019浙江高考)When she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. 当她挂断电话时, 她对她处理电话的方式感到遗憾。Anger begins with folly and ends with regret. 愤怒以愚蠢开始, 以悔恨结束。(喻指: 由于冲动而导致的愤怒, 最终会后悔发生的事情。)(1) 语法填空。Jer
23、ry did not regret giving/having given(give) the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. I regret to inform(inform) you that your team is defeated. Its regrettable(regret) that classical music receives so little attention. We heard with regret that you were not successful in you
24、r plan. (2) 我对发生的事真的感到后悔。I really feel regret for what happened. (3) 遗憾的是, 我们错过了最后一班公共汽车。To our regret, we missed the final bus. 3. focus n. 焦点; 中心点vt. 集中; 聚焦*They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。*I cant focus my attention on study with so much noise outside.
25、外面噪音这么大, 我不能把注意力集中在学习上。*The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into focus. 这次事件使校园暴力问题成为焦点。(1)focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于focus ones attention/ones thoughts/ones eyes on. . . 集中注意力/思想于/眼睛注视着(2)bring/throw sth. into focus使集中在焦点上; 使清楚起来; 使明朗化; 使突出【知识延伸】与focus on同义的短语还有: concentrate. . . on; k
26、eep ones eyes on; fix. . . on; center on(1) 语法填空。Having focused his attention on urgent problems, he hardly has time to play games with you. Bring the subject into focus if you want to have a good picture. With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him. (
27、2)一句多译。他集中精力学习。He focused his attention on his study. (focus)He fixed his attention on his study. (fix)He was absorbed in his study. (absorb)He applied himself to his study. (apply)He concentrated his attention on his study. (concentrate)4. reduce vt. 减少; 减缩*A healthy soil reduces disease and helps
28、crops grow strong and healthy. 健康的土壤减少了病害, 并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. 雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。*If you buy more than ten, they will reduce the price by 10 percent. 你如果买10个以上, 他们就会把价格降低10%。(1)reduce. . . by. . . 把减少了reduce. . . to. . . 把降到reduce. . . from. . . to. . . 把从减
29、少到reduce the speed降低速度(2)reduction n. 减少; 缩小reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease, 反义词是increase, rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样, 后可接to. . . 表示增减的结果, 接by. . . 表示增减的幅度。(2019全国卷)It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress. 事实证明, 只要看到绿色的、不断生长的东西就能减轻压力。(1)语法填空。She reduced her weight by 6 kilos
30、to 30 kilos. She is almost reduced(reduce) to a skeleton. (2)句式升级。She reduced her weight by 6 kilos to 30 kilos, almost reduced to a skeleton. (用过去分词短语作状语把上题两句连接成一个句子)5. comment n. 评论; 议论vi. &vt. 表达意见; 作出评论*She made helpful comments on my work. 她对我的工作作出了有益的评论。*Im not in a position to comment on the
31、matter. 我无权对这件事发表评论。*Can you say something about the present situation?Sorry, no comment!你能对当前的形势说说自己的看法吗?对不起, 无可奉告!(1)make comments on/about. . . 对加以评论No comment!无可奉告!offer comments提意见(2)comment on/upon sth. 对发表评论comment that. . . 评论说(2019全国卷) Be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offe
32、r your comments. 务必使用在线课程评估来冷静地提供你的评论观点。(1)语法填空。I dont feel I can comment on their decision. I think I can make comments (comment) on their tasks. (2)Researchers who read the report commented that it had many mistakes. 读了这份报告的研究人员评论说里面错误百出。6. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer
33、 in minerals and so more fertile. 他们觉得这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质, 从而变得更肥沃。【句式解构】此句为主从复合句, that引导的从句作动词feel的宾语。句中“makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile”为“make +复合宾语”结构。其中“richer in minerals and so more fertile”为宾语补足语。*Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow
34、more quickly. 许多农民给庄稼施肥是为了让它们长得更快。*I wish to make this matter known to the general public. 我想让公众知道这件事。 make+宾语+宾语补足语make sb. do sth. (迫) 使某人做某事 make sb. /sth. +形容词/副词 使处于某种状态 make sb. /sth. +名词使成为, 让当make sb. /sth. done使某人/物被(宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系)(1)语法填空。My parents would like to make me study (study) 24
35、hours a day. The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard (hear). (2)The boy has an eye for pictures, which makes his parents very happy. 这个男孩对画有鉴赏力, 这使他的父母很高兴。【要点拾遗】1. build up 逐渐增强; 建立; 开发*You must build yourself up after your illness. 患病之后你必须增强体质。*Their achievements have built
36、 up my confidence and determination in my career. 他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。*Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind. 锻炼有助于我们增强体质, 保持头脑清醒。build oneself up增强体质build up a fame树立名声build up ones health/body增进健康动词+up构成的短语turn up 调大set up建立make up编造; 化妆bring up抚养; 呕吐take up占据; 从事pick u
37、p拾起; 偶然学会; 用车接某人(1)写出下列句中黑体部分的含义。Their words built up my confidence after the interview. (增强)They built up this business after ten years struggle. (建立)It is reported that a big oil well has been built up in the South Sea. (开发)(2)The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater are your chan
38、ces of success. 译: 你对自己建立的自信心越强, 成功机会就越大。2. lead to 导致, 造成(后果)*Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. 过多的工作和过少的休息常会引起疾病。*The receptionist led the way to the meeting room. 接待员引路来到了会议室。*What was it that led you to say that?是什么导致你那样说的?lead a. . . life过的生活lead. . . to/into. . . 把领到/领进l
39、ead sb. to do. . . 使某人做lead the way引路; 带路lead to中的to是介词, 后应接名词或动名词作宾语。同义于result in/bring about, 意为“导致”。【巧学助记】语境巧记lead短语He led the way, and led us to a village of Tibet. There we found the local people led a happy life. 他带路, 把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里, 我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。【知识延伸】含有介词to的短语be/get used to习惯于look forw
40、ard to期待, 盼望be/get accustomed to习惯于stick to坚持get down to着手adapt to适应adjust to适应be addicted to对上瘾pay attention to注意(2019天津高考)Small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. 顶级食肉动物的微小变化会对整个生态系统产生巨大影响。(1)语法填空。The accident led to five people being killed (kill), incl
41、uding a child. The news leads me to believe (believe) that they will come. (2)一句多译。这个政策将给这个地区带来更大的不稳定。This policy will lead to greater instability in the region. (lead)This policy will result in greater instability in the region. (result)This policy will contribute to greater instability in the regi
42、on. (contribute)This policy will give rise to greater instability in the region. (rise)3. keep. . . free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等); 使不含(有害物)*This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals. 这也使空气、土壤、水和农作物免受化学物质的污染。*They like living in a village, free from/of crowds and noises. 他们喜欢住在村子里
43、, 远离人群和喧闹。*I think all caged birds should be set free. 我认为所有关在笼子里的鸟儿都应该被放出去。*These exercises help free the body of tension. 这些训练活动帮助放松紧张的身体。be free from/of不受伤害for free/free of charge免费free sb. /sth. from/of sth. 解除; 去除set free释放(1)语法填空。A judge must be free from prejudice. Your order will be delivere
44、d for free within a ten-mile limit. (2)I have tried to keep the wound free from infection. 我已想办法使伤口不感染。4. summary n. 总结; 摘要; 概要*Picture 7 shows a summary of the two tasks currently set up in this system. 图 7 显示了当前在本系统中建立的两个任务的概要。*In summary , this was a disappointing performance. 总的来说, 这场演出令人失望。*Ple
45、ase summarize the types and processes of blessings described in this lesson. 请总结在本课中描述的祝福的类型和过程。(1)make/write a summary of做/写总结in summary概括地说; 总之; 简要地说(2)summarize vt. &vi. 概括; 总结; 汇总to summarize总的来说(1)语法填空。The following is a summary of our conclusions. Finally, it summarizes (summary) the main idea
46、s and shortcomings in this paper. In summary, it is my opinion that this complete treatment process was very successful. (2)Then, write a quick summary of the conversation and why you are perfect for the job. 然后, 写一个谈话的快速摘要以及为什么你非常适合这份工作。5. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back
47、into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. 像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤, 从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物, 比如小麦或玉米。【句式解构】本句中making it. . . 为现在分词短语作结果状语, 表示前面的情况所造成的结果, 相当于and made it ready for crops. . . ; that 引导定语从句, 修饰 wheat or corn。*He cut off the wire, prevent
48、ing a big fire. 他剪断电线, 阻止了一场大火。*Many people from all over the world have moved to America, making it the most multicultural country in the world. 来自世界各地的很多人去了美国, 使之成为世界上最多元文化的国家。现在分词短语作结果状语, 表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果; 不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果, 且前面常有only修饰。*He hurried to the airport, only to be told that the pl
49、ane had taken off. 他匆忙赶到机场, 结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。(1)语法填空。I tore the box, only to discover(discover) that some of the parts were missing. Jack has made great progress, making(make) his parents pleased. (2)把句子改为以现在分词短语作结果状语的句子。More highways have been built in China, and makes it much easier for people to trav
50、el from one place to another. More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 主题活动迁移应用 . 语用功能表达1. 描述农业常用词(1)agriculture农业(2)agricultural农业的(3)harvest丰收(4)yield产量(5)work工作(6)work hard努力工作(7)produce生产(8)labor force劳动力 (9)labor viewpoint劳动观念
51、(10)workday工作日(11)means of labor劳动方式(12)honorable光荣的(13)be devoted to奉献于2. 介绍农业情况的常用句式(1)Have you ever dreamt of tasting green vegetables without chemical fertilizer every day?你梦想过能天天品尝没有化肥的绿色蔬菜吗?(2)It has expanded to a big farm covering an area of more than 1, 000 mu in the past two decades. 历经20年它
52、已经扩展成占地1 000多亩的大农场。(3)What really makes it different from the others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer. 真正让它与众不同的是这里的蔬菜在种植过程中没有使用任何化肥。(4)The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition. 肥沃的土壤让这些蔬菜营养丰富。 . 话题情景交流Adam: Id like to help pitch in with dinner. Sop
53、hie: Really? Youre joking. Adam: No. Id like to 1. do something special for you(为你做点特别的事) on your birthday. Sophie: Id like that. Alright, put on this apron first. Adam: OK. . . Now how can I help, honey?Sophie: Hmm, let me see. . . Boil some water and then 2. whisk two eggs(打/搅拌两个鸡蛋). Adam: Easy. I
54、 could do that with my eyes closed. (after a while)Done. Sophie: Not bad. Okay, now 3. take some meat and potatoes (拿些肉和土豆)from the fridge. Adam: How many potatoes do you need?Sophie: Three. And 4. bring four bell peppers(拿四个甜椒来). Adam: Gotcha. . . OK. Here they are. Sophie: Now wash them, then cut
55、the potatoes and bell peppers off. Then 5. slice the meat(把肉切成片). Adam: Wheres the peeler?Sophie: Its in the cabinet. . . Adam, 6. the gas cooker doesnt work(煤气灶坏了). Adam: What? Oh shit! I cut my finger. Sophie: Let me take a look at that. . . I cant stop the bleeding. We need to go to the hospital.
56、 Adam: I guess 7. cooking is not as easy as I thought(做饭不像我想的那么容易). 课时检测素养达标. 语段填词1. While skimming (浏览) an article, he always underlines (画底线标出) the words he doesnt understand so that he can look them up in the dictionary later. 2. In summary(总结), people dont want to comment (作出评论) on what he did.
57、3. I regret (遗憾) to tell you that your son didnt focus (集中)on what the teacher said in class yesterday. 4. Im confused(感到困惑的)why they are working day and night, but the yield per unit area is reducing(减少). 5. The soil(土壤) provides much nutrition(营养) for our crops. . 选择合适的短语填空make a comment on, keep.
58、 . . free of, turn to, be confused about, reduce to, focus. . . on, lead to, build up, keep in mind, rid. . . of1. We should use new energy to keep our environment free of pollution. 2. The professor, opposed to carrying out the project, made a comment on the report. 3. People are confused about all
59、 the different labels on food these days. 4. The temperature is 36 degrees, but it will be reduced to 20 degrees in the night. 5. We should focus our attention on our study at school. 6. The reform has led to a lot of benefits to the people and greatly improved their living standards. 7. The doctors
60、 tried their best to build up the patients confidence before the operation. 8. Once you get addicted to something, it is very hard to rid yourself of it. 9. He turns to the dictionary whenever he meets a new word. 10. You should keep in mind that your parents love you most. . 完成句子1. The firm is too
61、small to compete against large companies. 该公司太小, 无法与大公司竞争。2. The Grade Two classes have been observing the plants around the school and finding the animals that live there. 二年级各班一直在学校周边观察植物和寻找生活在这里的动物。3. You look as well as you did ten years ago. 你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。4. Carbon burns in oxygen or air, the
62、reby forming carbon dioxide. 碳在氧或空气中燃烧, 因而形成了二氧化碳。5. In addition to the price, you have to pay the sales tax on it. 除了价格, 你还得为它付销售税。课文语法填空Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers 1. _ (have) become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed 2. _ (they) as a great way to stop crop di
63、sease and 3. _ (increase) production. 4. _(recent), however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage 5. _ the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health. With these 6. _ (discovery), some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming, 7. _ is si
64、mply farming without using any chemicals. There 8. _ (be) many different organic farming methods. All of them have 9. _ same goal: to grow good food and without 10. _ (damage) the environment or peoples health. 1. 【解析】has。考查时态及主谓一致。此处主语为“using chemical fertilizers”, 且根据时间状语“Over the past half centur
65、y”可知, 此处应为现在完成时态的第三人称单数形式。2. 【解析】them。考查代词。此处指代前文出现的“chemical fertilizers”, 且作动词welcome的宾语。3. 【解析】increase。考查非谓语动词。此处为结构“a way to do ”, 承前省掉to。4. 【解析】Recently。考查词性转换。修饰整个句子用副词形式。5. 【解析】to。考查固定搭配。cause damage to 对造成损害。6. 【解析】discoveries。考查名词单复数。由these可知, 此处需用名词复数形式。7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词organic farming, 且which在从句中充当主语。8. 【解析】are。考查主谓一致。此处为“there be句型”, 主语为methods。9. 【解析】the。考查冠词。the same. . . 为固定用法。10. 【解析】damaging。考查非谓语动词。without+动词-ing。
