1、Period ThreeLesson 3Natural Disasters.重点单词1scale n. 规模，范围2arm vt. 武装3grand adj. 巨大的4roll vi. (平稳地)移动，滚动5means n. 方法6brick n. 砖，砖块7slide vi. 滑行8slip vi. 滑落9flee vt.& vi. 逃走 10mountainous adj. 多山的mountain n. 山，山岳mountains 山脉11catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难catastrophic adj. 灾难的，灾难性的12irrigate vt. 灌溉irrigation n.
2、 灌溉13separation n. 分开，分离；分居separate adj. 独立的 vt. 分离，分开separated adj. 分开的14construct vt. 建造construction n. 建造；建设constructive adj. 建设性的，积极的15potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 n. 潜在的可能性potentially adv. 潜在地；可能地potentiality n. 潜力，可能性.核心短语1result_in导致2wipe_out 消除，摧毁3recover_from 从中恢复4get_over 克服，恢复5turn on 攻击6earn o
3、nes living 谋生7in advance 提前，事先8to some degree 在某种程度上.经典句式1时间作主语的拟人修辞手法The last few years have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.在过去的几年里，人们已经经历了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将来临。2with 复合结构Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing n
4、umber of hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America.暴风雨也愈发四处肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。1.含后缀ous的高频形容词集锦mountainous 多山的dangerous 危险的generous 慷慨的，大方的humorous 幽默的continuous 连续的glorious 光荣的2able 常用于动词后表示能够，可以做到某事changechangeable 多变的adjustadjustable 可调节的adaptadaptable 可适应的respectrespectable 可敬的课文预读大自然对我们的报复在
5、过去的几年里，人们已经见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将到来。金莉报道了关于地球多变天气的模式。第12段译文A在过去的10年里，雷雨、洪水、地震、台风、火山爆发、海啸和森林火灾变得越来越频繁。亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过非常严重的洪涝灾害。甚至欧洲也遭受了损失，大片地区被淹没。不断增多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲地区，与此同时各地的暴风雨灾害也越来越严重。多年来降雨量减少影响了非洲的大片地区，使得灌溉渠道干涸，而许多其他地方则变得更加干旱。例如，曾经以洪水泛滥而闻名的黄河，在1997年有226天根本没有入海。已经有几个国家因为水的问题而发生武装冲突，而美国西部由于降水减少导致了
6、森林大火。B火山爆发和地震对世界上某些地区一直构成严重威胁。1997年的一次火山爆发几乎抹去了蒙特塞拉特这个小岛，而亚洲、欧洲和南美洲的许多地方都发生了大地震。在过去的三年里，印度尼西亚饱受自然灾害之苦，它遭受了几次致命的大地震，至今未能从2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成的创伤中恢复过来，那次海啸是由一次近海地震引起的。它使132 000个印度尼西亚人和100 000个其他不同国籍的人丧生。在世界各地许多人的心目中，这场灾难仍然记忆犹新。他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。第35段译文C那么，为什么大自然开始和我们过不去呢？一个答案是人口过剩。世界人口正在以令人不安的
7、每小时10 000人的速度增加，每年(增长)接近9 000万人，而大多数新增长的人口来自发展中国家。农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市。然后，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。这些房屋很少是由砖块制成，很容易在地震中倒塌或者在山体滑坡时滑下山坡，特别是在山区。除此之外，还有全球变暖。这主要是由工厂和汽车所排放的大量二氧化碳以及世界上的森林遭到破坏所引起的。结果，温度升高了的海洋产生更加猛烈的风。大西洋飓风它们咆哮的风速超过每小时300千米比30年前的强度增加了40%。D因为现在世界上约一半的人口生活在城市里，火山和地震带来的危害比过去更加严重。300多座活火山中大约
8、有50座火山每年都要喷发，有5亿多人现在生活在火山喷发的范围之内。由于这些自然灾害不定时地发生，所以很难提前警告人们。2006年5月，成千上万的住在默拉皮火山(意思是“火之山”)附近的印度尼西亚人不得不逃离家园，因为他们认为火山要喷发了。从某种程度上来说，有更多的人生活在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间，地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。E大多数研究灾难的专家认为情况可能会变得更加糟糕。北京大学的火山专家侯明教授警告人们，自然对人类的最大灾难还没有降临。人类历史上最大的火山爆发可能要数1815年印度尼西亚坦博拉火山的爆发。来自火山的尘埃席卷了地球的上空，以至于第二年欧洲和美洲都没有了夏天。但有证
9、据表明，73 000年前发生过一次更大的火山喷发。“它使某些地方的气温降低了大概6摄氏度，整个地球多年内都陷入冬季，而每隔10万年就有大约两次这样的事件”课文理解Task One：Fast reading.The text mainly tells us about more and more natural_disasters_and_their_influences.Match the main idea with each paragraph.Para.1AExamples of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes show their threat t
10、o our world.Para.2 BExamples show natural disasters have become common.Para.3 CSome disasters are more dangerous than in the past.Para.4 DExperts predict that natural disasters will get worse.Para.5 EThe reasons why nature is beginning to turn on us.答案：Para. 1BPara. 2APara. 3EPara. 4CPara. 5D.Judge
11、the following statements true (T) or false (F)1According to the passage, in the last decade, hurricanes often hit China.(F)2The tsunami happening in 2004 killed 132,000 people.(F)3Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes can happen at random times.(T)4Most experts in natural disasters think things could g
12、et far worse.(T)5Many countries have taken effective measures facing the natural disasters.(F)Task Two：Careful readingRead the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.1In the sentence “This catastrophe is still very fresh in the minds of people.”“This catastrophe” refers to _.AMon
13、tserrat disasterBAtlantic hurricanesCthe Asian tsunami DMt Merapi eruption答案：C2In the title “Nature is turning on us”， which of the following is similar to “turn on” in meaning?ASwitch on. BDepend on.CTake on. DStrike.答案：D3Earthquakes are more dangerous than before because _.Aearthquakes take place
14、more oftenBearthquakes take place with tsunamisCthere are about half of the population of the world living in cities nowDhuman beings cant predict earthquakes答案：C4What could be the biggest threat to the planet in the future?AThe earthquake. BThe drought.CThe volcanic eruption. DThe tsunami.答案：C5What
15、 is the attitude of the writer towards the future?AIndifferent. BPositive.CPessimistic. DOptimistic.答案：CTask Three：Micro writingRead the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.Nature is turning on usThe last few years _1_ (see) environmental disasters _2_ a grand scale, and experts are pred
16、icting far worse to come. Jin Li reports on our Earths _3_ (change) weather patterns.In the last decade, thunderstorms, floods, earthquakes, typhoons and tsunamis have become increasingly common. Reduced rainfall has affected large areas of Africa for years, _4_ (leave) irrigation canals dry. A numb
17、er of nations have already been in _5_ (arm) conflict over water.Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes have always been _6_ threat in certain parts of the world. Indonesia has had a rough time, suffering several killer quakes. Why is nature beginning to turn _7_ us? One answer is overpopulation. People
18、 in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities and then construct shabby homes from _8_ materials they can find on poor clay soil. These homes, seldom made of bricks, can easily fall down in earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides, especially in _9_ (
19、mountain) areas.Most disaster experts believe there is the potential _10_ things could get a lot worse. Professor Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do.1have_seen 2.on 3.changeable 4.leaving 5.armed6a 7.on 8.whatever 9.moun
20、tainous 10.that 1 (教材P10)The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.在过去的几年里，人们已经见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将到来。to the same scale 按同一比例on a grand/large scale 大规模地即学即用(1)Nowadays, the scale of the pollution problem is much worse th
21、an before.当今，污染问题的程度比以前严重多了。(2)The medicine is now being produced on a large scale.这种药现在正大规模地生产。(3)It is obvious that both plans are drawn to_the_same_scale.很明显两张平面图是按同一比例绘制的。(4)We had hopes of developing light industry on_a_large_scale.我们曾经希望大规模地发展轻工业。 arm vt. 武装；提供；配备；n. 手臂；胳膊；(pl.)武器；vi. 准备行动(教材P
22、10) A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.已经有几个国家因为水的问题而动武，而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。(1)arm against 为对付而武装起来；对加以防备arm sb. with sth. 用某物武装某人；向某人提供某物armed to the teeth 全副武装(2)armed adj. 使用武器的，用武力的；持枪的；备
23、有所需的即学即用(1)They bought the house to arm against big price rises.他们买下了这所房子，以防大涨价。(2)A birdwatcher, armed_with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.一个配备有一台望远镜的鸟类观察者发现那只宠物绝望地坐在岩石上。3 (教材P10)People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and
24、then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil.农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市。然后，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。by means of. 用/以方法by all means 务必，一定；当然可以by no means 绝不，无论如何也不by this means 用这种方法注意：(1)by no means 放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。(2)means “方法，手段，工具”为一个单复数同形的名词，因此要根据上下文判断它的单复数。辨析比较
25、means, way, method, approachmeans侧重具体的手段、工具、材料、交通工具等。常用于by means of 短语中way既可指具体方法，也可指抽象的方法；既可指一般的方法，也可指个人独特的方法。常用于in this/that.way, the way of doing/to do.短语中method指理论的、系统的、有条理的方法。常用于with the method of 短语中approach指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度，常用approach to sth. 短语即学即用(1)A car is a means of transportation.汽车是一
26、种交通工具。(2)All possible means have been tried.(Every possible means has been tried.)所有可能的方法都试过了。(3)He won the first prize by_means_of hard work.他通过努力工作获得了一等奖。(4)By_no_means_can theory be separated from practice.理论决不能脱离实践。(5)选词填空(means/way/method/approach)I worked out the maths problem with a different
27、 method.Have you found a correct approach to the subject?Man is trying to find ways of controlling pollution.We express ourselves by means of speech.4 (教材P11)In May 2006, thousands of Indonesians living near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they thought it was about to erupt.2
28、006年5月，成千上万的住在默拉皮火山(意思是“火之山”)附近的印尼人不得不逃离家园，因为他们认为火山要喷发了。flee away 逃离flee from 从逃离；避免flee to/into 逃到辨析比较flee, escapeflee逃跑未必能逃脱，侧重动作本身及逃跑时的紧急仓促状况escape主要指从被监禁或类似没有自由的状态中逃脱，侧重逃跑的结果，即逃脱即学即用(1)During the civil war thousands of people fled the country.在内战期间成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。(2)The family fled_to South Americ
29、a around the turn of the century.这家人在世纪之交逃到了南美洲。(3)He broke out in a sweat and fled_from_the_room,_his face as pale as death.他冒出一身汗，逃出房间，面无血色。(4)He fled_away,_or else he would have been killed.他逃走了，否则他会被杀。(5)The thief was caught by the police in the railway station before he was able to escape.还没等到逃
30、脱，小偷在火车站就被警方抓获。(6)He was caught trying to flee the country.他试图逃离该国时被抓住了。1 (教材P10)A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.已经有几个国家因为水的问题而发生武装冲突，而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。result from 起因于as a result 结果as a
31、result of 因为，由于without result 毫无结果地with the result that. 结果是be a direct result of 是的直接结果即学即用(1)Acting before thinking always results in failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。(2)The farm was flooded, with the result that most of the harvest was lost.农场被淹，结果收成损失了一大半。(3)The accident resulted_in the death of two passeng
32、ers.这场事故导致了两名乘客死亡。(4)As_a_result_of the loss of the forests, parts of the country are now short of water.由于森林的损失，目前该国的部分地区水源短缺。(5)The loss of their jobs results_from the changes in production.他们的失业是由生产革新造成的。2 (教材P10)People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the ci
33、ties, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil.农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。earn ones/a living (by doing sth.)make ones/a living (by doing sth.)(以做某事)谋生)即学即用(1)The poor woman earns her living by selling flowers.那个可怜的女人靠卖花为生。(2)She he
34、ard that it was easier to earn_her_living in the big city.她听说在大城市谋生容易些。(3)An honest man cant make_a_living here.一个诚实的人无法在这里谋生。(教材P10)A volcanic eruption nearly wiped out the small island of Montserrat in 1997.1997年的一次火山爆发几乎摧毁了蒙特塞拉特这个小岛即学即用(1)Half of the population was wiped out by plague.瘟疫夺走了一半人的生命
35、。(2)Make sure the inside of the coffee pot is thoroughly wiped_out.确保把咖啡壶里面彻底擦干净。(3)Nothing could wipe_out his bitter memories of the past.什么都不能抹去他对过去的痛苦回忆。(4)Dont wipe the scales off the fish.不要把鱼鳞剔除。(教材P10) The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale， and experts are pred
36、icting far worse to come.最近几年见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。(1)该句是个并列句，由并列连词and 连接。(2)句中the last few years 作主语，have seen 是谓语，是一种拟人化的句式，用来增强句子的表现力。(1)see 意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常用表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历、见证”了某事。(2)与see 用法相同的动词有find， witness， say， experience 等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形
37、象。即学即用(1)The old house saw the changes in the big family.这座老房子见证了这个大家庭的变迁。(2)Dusk found him crying in the street.黄昏时他在街上哭。(3)The city has_witnessed many changes in the last five years.这座城市见证了最近五年的许多变化。(4)单句语法填空This year has_seen (see) a big increase in road accidents.Morning found Christie knitting
38、(knit) by the window.National Day saw people singing (sing) and dancing happily in the streets.(教材P10) Storms have been getting worse everywhere too，with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US，and Central America.,不断增多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲地区，与此同时各地的暴风雨灾害也越来越严重。 “with a growing number of hurricanes hitt
39、ing the US, and Central America”为with 复合结构。即学即用(1)The little girl lay on the grass with her eyes staring at the sky.这个小女孩躺在草地上，凝望着天空。(2)With the floor wet and dirty, we had to stay outside.由于地板又湿又脏，我们只好待在外面。(3)He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他穿着衣服躺在床上。(4)单句语法填空I had to go to bed with
40、 nothing to_do (do)With all the things bought (buy), she went home happily.With the guide leading (lead) them, they started toward the mountain.单句语法填空1Armed (arm) with guns and other advanced weapons, the police started to search the mountain for the two murderers.2The last few years have_witnessed
41、(witness) great achievements in astronomy.3They grow rice on a large scale in their own field.4With more natural disasters hitting (hit) the earth, we are faced with a tough situation.5We wiped out all the flies by using a special chemical.6The student is invited to test each item for himself by mea
42、ns of specific techniques.7With the College Entrance Examination drawing (draw) near, the students feel great pressure.8As we all know, many illnesses result from lack of exercise.9Everyone fled (flee) the building when the fire alarm sounded.10They were reunited after a separation (separate) of mor
43、e than 10 years.完成句子1He had known, when he came to London, that he would have to work hard to earn_his_living.他在前往伦敦时就知道自己将不得不勤奋工作来谋生。2Our school has_seen_many_great_changes in the last few years.我们的学校最近几年发生了许多巨大变化。3With_so_many_problems_to_think_about,_he wouldnt go to sleep, turning over on the bed.由于有那么多问题要考虑，他就是睡不着，在床上辗转反侧。4Computer and mobile phone are important_means_of communication.电脑和手机是信息交流的重要工具。5Failure to reach an agreement will result_in a strike.达不成协议将会导致罢工。
