1、课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点同义形容词(短语)的替换一、多样表达1悲伤的：sad heartbroken, depressed, frustrated2富有的：rich wealthy, welloff3穷的：poor needy, in poverty4开心的：happy cheerful, delighted5聪明的：clever smart, intelligent, sharpminded6苦难的：difficult tough, challenging, stressful7巨大的：big enormous, vast, massive8美丽的：beautiful eyecatc
2、hing, goodshaped, appealing, charming9最便宜的：the cheapest the least expensive10害怕的：afraid frightened, scared, panicstricken11不同的：different various, diverse, a variety of12粗鲁的：rude impolite13疲劳的：tired worn out, exhausted14有益的：helpful beneficial, profitable, rewarding15严重的：serious severe16勇敢的：brave fear
3、less, bold, courageous17出名的：famous notable, renowned, noticeable18明显的：clear obvious, evident, apparent19少量的：a bit of a small quantity/number/amount of20重要的：important significant, essential, vital, of great importance, of great significance二、佳句观摩1Youre brave and you can make it.Youre fearless/bold/co
4、urageous and you can make it.你勇敢无畏，一定会获得成功。2You didnt need to tell him the news; it just made him saDYou didnt need to tell him the news; it just made him heartbroken/depressed/frustrateD你无须告诉他这一消息，那只会使他悲哀。3Most of these people arent very rich.Most of these people arent very_wealthy/welloff.这些人大都不算太
5、富裕。4She sets aside a bit of money every month.She sets aside a small quantity/number/amount of money every month.她每月都存一点儿钱。三、佳句仿写用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分1He is always ready to help the poor.He is always ready to help those_who_are_needy/in_poverty他总是乐于帮助贫穷的人。2The cheapest articles at the sale were quickly s
6、napped up.The_least_expensive articles at the sale were quickly snapped up.大减价货物中最便宜的物品很快被抢购一空。3Of course Im not ill.Im just tireDOf course Im not ill.Im just worn_out/exhausted我当然没有生病，只是有点累。.阅读理解A语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然科学研究月球正在缓慢收缩Many of us think，wrongly，that the moon doesnt change.For example，the Tang Dy
7、nasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away；From year to year the moons look alike，old and new.”However，a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.For the study，a group of US scientists examined a
8、nd analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASAs Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机).They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon.These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.According to NASA，the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a
9、 hot core.The moon continued to expand as it was born.But in this process，it released energy and cooled down.Then it began to shrink，in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin.Over the past several hundred million years，it has become 46 meters“skinnier”But due to its hard and rock
10、y layer，the moons surface continues to push up.“Some of these quakes can be fairly strong，around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级)，” said Thomas Watters，a senior scientist at the Smithsonians National Air and Space Museum in the US.But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldnt
11、try to explore and live on in the future？Maybe not，reported The Telegraph.“This isnt anything to worry about.The moon may be shrinking，but not by much.Its not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us.The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead，boring place is wrong.“We have been to t
12、he moon and weve done some great science，but there is still a lot we dont know.The moon is shrinkingwe didnt really realize that until recently.Its a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams saiD文章大意：月球并非如唐代诗人张若虚在诗中描绘的那样是亘古不变的
13、。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间的流逝慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。1Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?AIt stays the same as before.BIt is becoming slightly smaller.CIt is getting older and older.DIt has passed away.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“However，a new study.sh
14、ows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.”可知，一项新的发表在自然地球科学上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间的流逝慢慢地缩小，据此可知B项正确。2What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?AIt has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.BIt has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.CIt quakes even at seven on
15、 the Richter scale.DIt has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core”“The moon continued to expand as it was born.”“But in this process，it released energy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，当它形成时月球在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。3Who thinks
16、 that we neednt worry about the moon?AZhang Ruoxu. BThomas Watters.CNathan Williams. DThe journalist.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第四段中Thomas Watters说的话“This isnt anything to worry about.Its not going anywhere”可知Thomas Watters认为我们不必担心月球，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。4What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?AIt is a de
17、ad and boring place.BIt has lots of faults on the surface.CIt is valuable to do more science.DIt isnt a place where we can live.解析：C考查推理判断。根据尾段中Nathan Willams说的话“We have been to the moon and weve done some great science.we should explore that”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索，据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有
18、价值的，故C项正确。B 语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会科学研究用机器人创作音乐At Englands University of Plymouth，Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose musiCMirandas robots have simple “vocal cords” (声带) and are programmed to sing and listen to each other.The robots unique warbling sounds(颤音) do not per
19、fectly match the human voice，but each machine is exactly sharing music with the other in a new and unique way.Each robot is equipped with speakers，software that mimics the human voice，a mouth that opens as it “sings”，a microphone for ears，and a camera for eyes.The robots also move.Miranda hopes that
20、 by studying his robot vocalists，he can discover something about how and why humans create，perform，and listen to musiCWhen the robots sing，the first robot makes six random sounds.Its partner responds with more sounds.The first robot analyzes the sounds to see if their sequences (顺序) are similar.If t
21、hey are，it nods its head and commits the sounds to memory，and the second robot notices and “memorizes” the musical sequence，too.If the first robot thinks the sounds are too different，it shakes its head and both robots ignore the sounds.Then the process continues.Miranda set up an experiment in which
22、 he left the two robots alone in his study for two weeks.When he returned，his little warblers had，by imitating each other，not only shared notes but combined them.The product of their cooperation was far from symphonic，but the robots had begun to combine the notes into their own selfdeveloped “songs”
23、 .With the help of his warbling robots，one of Mirandas goals is to create music that no human would ever compose.Miranda believes the robots are ideal for this purpose because they would not be influenced by any existing musical styles or rules.文章大意：普利茅斯大学的教授Eduardo Miranda通过编写程序让一对机器人创作音乐。本文介绍了Mira
24、nda的实验过程以及他的目标等。5Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mimics” in Paragraph 2?ASubstitutes. BInterrupts.CControls. DCopies.解析：D考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句中的“a mouth that opens as it sings，a microphone for ears，and a camera for eyes”可知，“唱歌”时嘴张开、麦克风用作耳朵、摄像头用作眼睛。由此可推知，此处表示用来模仿人声的软件，故D项正确。A项意为“代替，取代”。
25、6What did the two robots do during Mirandas experiment?AThey interacted with each other.BThey ignored the unique sounDCThey learned to sing better than humans.DThey committed random sounds to memory.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段第一、二句“When the robots sing，the first robot makes six random sounds.Its partner respon
26、ds with more sounds.”可知，当机器人唱歌时，第一个机器人发出六个随机的声音；它的同伴会发出更多的声音来回应。并结合该段其他内容可知，在唱歌时，机器人之间会互动，故A项正确。7What does Miranda want his robots to do?ASing as well as humans do.BCreate new styles of musiCCMemorize a variety of musiCDPromote traditional musical forms.解析：B考查细节理解。根据尾段第一句“With the help of his warbli
27、ng robots，one of Mirandas goals is to create music that no human would ever compose.”可知，Miranda的目标之一就是凭借机器人的帮助创作出人类永远无法创作出的音乐，即创造出新风格的音乐，故B项正确。8What is the text mainly about?AFuture robots.BSpecial songs.CMusic by robots.DExperiments by MirandA解析：C考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“At Englands University of Ply
28、mouth，Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose musiC”为全文的主题句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了Eduardo Miranda教授用机器人创作音乐的实验过程。故C项正确。.完形填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与社会人际关系鼓励的力量(2021山东省新高考名校交流联考)I did not remember her, but recently her email note surprised me.The email began，“We met in a subway train
29、 in Queens”Fate had _1_ us next to each other.She _2_ that she had been sad and depresseDHer sad feelings did not _3_ me.I continued to talk to her about _4_ and love.I gave her quote cards that she put in her bag.At home she was _5_ to find the words on the quote cards resonated(共鸣) with her presen
30、t situation.She became very happy and her _6_ heart wanted to see me again to thank me about the _7_ she receiveDShe _8_ me for 3 years with no _9_She did not know I was connected to KindSpring.Last week she talked with her family and thought I might be working at KindSpring.org.In an email to KindS
31、pring, not knowing my _10_， she explained my face and our _11_I am very grateful to KindSpring for going the extra mile to find my email ID and be the connecting _12_ between us.Fatemah is eager to meet me when I visit New York next year.She said my _13_ changed her life.I have _14_ probably over fi
32、fty thousand cards，but the one she received is _15_文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。在地铁上作者和一个叫法蒂玛的女孩偶遇并坐在一起，作者的鼓励卡让这个女孩摆脱了痛苦，重获新生。多年来，心怀感恩的法蒂玛一直在寻找作者。最终两人再次联系上了。1Aintroduced BsavedCseated Dcheated解析：C根据前面的“We met in a subway train in Queens”可知，作者和这个女孩在地铁里相遇，命运让两人挨着坐在了一起。seated使就座，符合语境。故选C。2Awrote BforgotCrealized Dgue
33、ssed解析：A她写道她一直很悲伤和沮丧。根据前面的“but recently her email note surprised me”可知，作者最近收到了女孩的邮件，在邮件中，女孩描写了她那时的情绪状态。故选A。3Amove BbotherCstop Dsurprise解析：C根据后面的“I continued to talk to her”可知，女孩糟糕的情绪并没有阻止作者继续与其交谈。stop 阻止，符合语境。故选C。4Afriendship BlossCsadness Dhope解析：D根据前面的“she had been sad and depressed”和后面的“and love
34、”可知，作者继续和女孩谈论希望和爱的话题。所以才有了后来这个女孩的改变。故选D。5Ashocked BexcitedCembarrassed Dpuzzled解析：A根据后面的“to find the words on the quote cards resonated with her present situation”可知，作者给她的卡片上的文字与她当时的境况是有共鸣的，所以当她看到卡片上面的话语时感到很震惊。故选A。6Aanxious BgratefulCbroken Dcurious解析：B根据后面的“wanted to see me again to thank me”可知，这个女
35、孩变得非常高兴，感恩的心使她想再次见到作者并向作者道谢。grateful 感激的，符合语境。故选B。7Alesson BkindnessCrespect Dsympathy解析：B根据前面的“She became very happy”和后面的内容可知，女孩受到了鼓舞，重新获得了幸福，她对从作者那里获得的善意深表感谢。kindness 善意，符合语境。故选B。8Aturned down Brelied onCpassed over Dsearched for解析：D根据后面的“She did not know I was connected to KindSpring.”及上下文语境可知，为了
36、感恩，她3年来一直都在寻找作者。search for寻找，符合语境。故选D。9Acomplaints BexcusesCresults Dregrets解析：C根据后面的“She did not know I was connected to KindSpring.”可知，这三年以来，女孩一直都在寻找作者，但是一直没有找到。with no results没有结果。故选C。10Acolleagues BnameCboss Dappearance解析：B根据后面的“she explained my face and our _”及上下文语境可知，在给KindSpring的电子邮件中，由于她不知道作
37、者的名字，所以她描述了作者的长相和当时见面时的情景。故选B。11Apromise BappointmentCmeeting Dmisunderstanding解析：C根据上下文语境可知，这个女孩通过描述作者的相貌和当时见面的情景，让别人知道她要寻找的人是谁。故选C。12Abridge BbarrierCperson Dway解析：A根据前面的“I am very grateful to KindSpring for going the extra mile to find my email ID”可知，KindSpring帮助女孩找到了作者，它成为了他们之间得以再次见面的桥梁。故选A。13Av
38、isit BtalkCemail Dwork解析：B根据前面的“talk to her”可知，在地铁上作者与法蒂玛的那次交谈改变了女孩的一生。故选B。14Apaid for Bsold outCused up Dgiven away解析：D由上文语境可知，作者送给这个女孩一张卡片，现在可能共赠送出了5万多张卡片。given away 赠送，符合语境。故选D。15Awellkept BspeciallymadeCworthless Dpriceless解析：D根据上文语境可知，作者与女孩的那次交谈对女孩的影响很大，所以说作者送给女孩的那张卡片是无价的。priceless 无价的，极其珍贵的，符合
39、语境。故选D。.语法填空语篇类型新闻报道主题语境人与自然人类对大自然的探索中国嫦娥四号无人探测器月背成功着陆China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change4 probe (探测器) the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess1._ (touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin.Landing on the m
40、oons far side is 2._ (extreme) challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3._ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 4._ (interesting)
41、to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 5._ the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change4 6._ (find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says
42、, “because it 7._ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8._ (construct).” Data about the moons composition, such as how 9._ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10._ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报
43、道了我国的嫦娥四号探月器在月背成功着陆并展开探索的壮举。1解析：touched考查时态。根据句子结构，“the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”部分是对探月器名称的解释，可以看作是插入成分。故可判断出空格处是谓语动词。再根据句中的时间状语last week可知此处用一般过去时。 touched down 降落，着陆。2解析：extremely考查副词。 修饰形容词challenging要用副词。故填extremely。3解析：where考查定语从句。根据结构可知，空格后面是一个句子，而空格前是一个名词。结合句意可知，空格
44、后的句子是定语从句。利用定语从句的知识，可判断出用关系副词where。4解析：interest考查名词。科学家对月球背面尤其感兴趣。sth.be of interest to sB某物让某人感兴趣。5解析：than考查连词。句意：月球背面有很多深深的环形山，比我们熟悉的近侧更多。根据前面的more可知，此处考查连词than。 more.than.比多。6解析：to find考查动词不定式。根据句子结构可知，此空处是非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处用不定式表示目的。7解析：means考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，此空处是谓语动词。本句引用了Carle Pieters的话，结合句意可知空格处要用一般现在时。主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数。8解析：is constructed考查时态和语态。句意：月球是如何形成的。根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处要用一般现在时的被动语态。9解析：much考查形容词。ice是不可数名词，故表达询问“多少冰” 时用how much ice。10解析：its考查代词。根据结构可知空格处的词应是plans的定语，故需填形容词性物主代词its。
