1、北京市交通大学附属中学2021届高三英语12月月考试题（含解析）本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将所有试题答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Ive been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor (拖拉机) to get about. My dog Don always sits beside
2、 me in the passenger seat. One morning I _1_ a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat. Lamb and mother reunited. I turned back to the t
3、ractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. I had put the handbrake (手刹) on when I jumped out. _2_ Don had somehow made the vehicle move. My heart _3_ in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway. I ran desperately but failed to _4_. It crashed through a wooden fence and disap
4、peared. The last thing I saw was Dons face, looking calmly back at me. Heart in mouth, I reached the fence and looked over. The tractor was _5_ against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the _6_ road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldnt see Don, but as I
5、 _7_ the tractor, he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and ran back to me. The police arrived and the motorway ran normally again. I couldnt quite believe my _8_it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been _9_. Don was given a special _10_ that night I didnt want h
6、im thinking I was angry with him.1. A. droppedB. spottedC. carriedD. returned2. A. FortunatelyB. GenerallyC. ImmediatelyD. Obviously3. A. frozeB. wokeC. hurtD. struck4. A. take offB. hold backC. catch upD. get out5. A. restingB. runningC. waitingD. turning6. A. steepB. longC. roughD. busy7. A. aband
7、onedB. approachedC. recognizedD. repaired8. A. abilityB. dreamC. luckD. idea9. A. commonB. funnyC. wrongD. awful10. A. mealB. testC. jobD. lesson【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍作者以牧羊为生，天他带着小狗Don开着拖拉机看见一只羊羔和妈妈分开了，他下车照顾小羊羔，等到羊羔和妈妈团聚，他回来的时候，发现拖拉机在移动，原来是车里的Don开动
8、了拖拉机，拖拉机在防撞护栏停了下来，作者觉得很幸运，Don没有受伤，也没有其他人受伤。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，当我在自己的土地上，附近的高速公路穿过它，我发现了一只迷路的羔羊。A. dropped掉落；B. spotted发现；C. carried携带；D. returned回去。由下文的“The lamb had become separated from its mother”可知，小羊已经和它的妈妈分开了，说明作者发现了一只迷路的羔羊。故选B项。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，Don不知怎的让车开动了。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Gener
9、ally一般地；C. Immediately立即地；D. Obviously明显地。由上文的“I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. I had put the handbrake (手刹) on when I jumped out.”和下文的“Don had somehow made the vehicle move”可知，作者下车的时候已经踩上了手刹，然而车还是动了，说明很显然是Don不知怎的让车开动了。故选D项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机驶向高速公路时，我的心都
10、僵住了。A. froze冻僵；B. woke唤醒；C. hurt伤害；D. struck打击。由下文的“as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway”和“crossed the _6_ road with fast-flowing traffic”可知，拖拉机驶向了车流湍急的高速公路，作者很担心出事故，肯定吓得心都僵住了（暗指极度害怕）。故选A项。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能赶上。A. take off脱下，起飞；B. hold back阻碍；C. catch up赶上；D. get out逃离。由上文的“I ra
11、n desperately”和下文的“It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.”可知，作者拼命地跑是为了赶上拖拉机，但拖拉机还是消失了，说明作者并没有赶上拖拉机。故选C项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在中央保留地的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流湍急的繁忙道路。A. resting停靠；B. running跑步；C. waiting等待；D. turning转向。由下文的“against the crash barrier in the central reservation”可知，拖拉机被找到了，它停靠在中央保留地的防
12、撞栏上。故选A项。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在中央保留地的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流湍急的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的；B. long长的；C. rough艰难的；D. busy繁忙的。由下文的“road with fast-flowing traffic”可知，这条高速公路车流湍急，说明这是一条繁忙的公路。故选D项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我走近拖拉机时，他跳到了路上，显然没有受伤，然后跑回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃；B. approached接近；C. recognized认出；D. repaired修理。由上文语境和下
13、文的“he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and ran back to me”可知，作者把Don留在拖拉机上，Don不知怎的让拖拉机开动了并消失了，之后作者找到了拖拉机，Don冲回作者身边，说明作者接近了拖拉机。故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不敢相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但结果本可能很糟糕。A. ability能力；B. dream梦想；C. luck幸运；D. idea想法。由下文的“it turned out no one got badly hurt”可知，狗狗开拖拉机穿过了车流湍急的繁忙道路，且无人重
14、伤，这真的是好运气。故选C项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不敢相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但结果本可能很糟糕。A. common普通的；B. funny幸运的；C. wrong错误的；D. awful可怕的。由上文语境可知，狗狗开拖拉机穿过了车流湍急的繁忙道路且无人重伤，如果不是好运气，原本结果是非常可怕的。故选D项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上Don吃了一顿特别的饭我不想让它认为我生他的气。A. meal一顿饭；B. test测试；C. job工作；D. lesson教训。由下文的“I didnt want him thinking I was angry
15、with him”可知，作者不想让Don认为他在生气，为了表示没有生气，作者给Don吃了一顿特别的饭。故选A项。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In the last seven days I have seen the pressure that the NHS is under. I have seen the personal courage not just of the doctors and nurses but of everyon
16、e, the cleaners, the _11_ (cook), the health care workers of every descriptionphysios, radiographers _12_ have kept coming to work, kept putting themselves in harms way, kept _13_ (risk) this deadly virus. It is thanks to that courage, that devotion, that duty and that love that our NHS has been unb
17、eatable.【答案】11. cooks 12. who 13. risking【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章中，作者表达了对疫情期间英国国家医疗服务体系内医护人员等人的感激之情。【11题详解】考查名词的数。句意：我不仅看到了医生和护士的个人勇气，也看到了每个人的个人勇气，包括清洁工、厨师、各种各样的医护人员理疗师和放射技师他们不断地来上班，不断地把自己置于危险之中，不断地冒着这种致命病毒的风险。定冠词the后面用名词形式，结合前后复数名词doctors，nurses， cleaners和workers可知，此处指“不止一位厨师”，用名词复数形式。故填cooks。【12题详解】考查定语
18、从句。句意：我不仅看到了医生和护士的个人勇气，也看到了每个人的个人勇气，包括清洁工、厨师、各种各样的医护人员理疗师、放射技师他们不断地来上班，不断地把自己置于危险之中，不断地冒着这种致命病毒的风险。此处是定语从句，先行词是the health care workers，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。【13题详解】考查动名词。句意：我不仅看到了医生和护士的个人勇气，也看到了每个人的个人勇气，包括清洁工、厨师、各种各样的医护人员理疗师、放射技师他们不断地来上班，不断地把自己置于危险之中，不断地冒着这种致命病毒的风险。固定搭配keep doing sth.（继续做某事、一直做某
19、事），用动名词（doing）形式。故填risking。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A video about a Chinese police officers broken English went viral on the Internet in China recently. In the video, a German student returned to Shanghai but got _14_(stop) by the security guards at the apartmen
20、t gate. But the student doesnt speak Chinese and the security doesnt speak English. They couldnt make _15_ (they) understood. So the security ended up calling the police for help. Two police officers showed up on the spot, where they communicated with the student _16_ very broken English and with bo
21、dy language. _17_ settling the problem, the police officer told the student that she should learn some Chinese.【答案】14. stopped 15. themselves 16. in 17. After【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一则报道：中国警官用蹩脚的英语和肢体语言帮助外国人。【14题详解】考查过去分词。句意：视频中，一名德国学生返回上海，但在公寓门口被保安拦下。got 是系动词，相当于be，主语a German student和动词stop是被动关系，结合by可
22、知，用被动语态（be done），get done 是被动语态的一种变式，此处用过去分词表被动。故填stopped。【15题详解】考查代词。句意：他们无法让别人理解他们自己。主语They和宾语they都指“他们”，宾语用反身代词，主语They是复数，用themselves。故填themselves。16题详解】考查介词。句意：两名警察出现在现场，他们用蹩脚的英语和肢体语言与学生交流。in +语言，表“说语言”。故填in。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：解决问题后，警官告诉学生她应该学点中文。由句意可知，此处用介词after，首字母大写。故填After。CToday, dogs are found
23、 _18_ (help) to all who fly in airplanes. They are trained to smell, track, and find bombs on planes and in luggage. Dogs are easy to train because they already have deep connection to humans. Many of these dogs are donated to the safety program, where they_19_ (give) a good home. The partnership be
24、tween dogs and humans allows each to profit from the special talents of the other as they work together _20_（save）lives.【答案】18. helpful 19. are given/will be given 20. to save【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述的是狗很容易训练，因为它们已经和人类有很深的联系。【18题详解】考查形容词作主语补足语。句意：今天，人们发现狗对所有乘坐飞机的人都有帮助。固定结构：find+宾语+宾语补足语，此处是被动语态，是形容词作补语补
25、足语，故答案为helpful。【19题详解】考查一般现在时态的被动语态或一般将来时态的被动语态。句意：许多这样的狗被捐赠给安全计划，在那里他们有一个好的家。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态或一般将来时态的被动语态。故答案为are given/will be given。【20题详解】考查动词不定式做目的状语。句意：狗和人之间的伙伴关系允许彼此从对方的特殊才能中获利，因为他们共同努力拯救生命。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to save。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并
26、在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWelcome to AMDAYour future in the performing arts doesnt have to be a dream. For over 50 years, AMDA has launched some of the most successful careers in theatre, film and television. AMDA creates industry professionals who dont just wait for life to happenthey stage their own career path
27、. Now its your turn.Program descriptionAt AMDA, we believe a performer must perform. From the first day, youll find many performance opportunities in the three core areas of acting, musical theatre and dance, both in and out of the classroom, plus individual voice lessons. Over the course of your fo
28、ur semesters (学期), youll also improve your performance technique through an intensive curriculum that focuses on both foundational and advanced concepts in acting, musical theatre and dance. Finally, through courses in career preparation, youll learn how to apply all of this training to a successful
29、 career on stage and screen.Philosophy and missionAMDA is committed to providing a splendid performing arts education to a diverse community of creative artists. AMDA serves as both school and stage, where students are given the support and opportunity to identify their own personal objectives and t
30、o develop and improve their own distinctive artistic voices. AMDA tries to create an environment for students to develop the skills, confidence, imagination, and power to contribute to their community as artists, businesspeople, lifelong learners, and hard-working citizens of the world Above all, AM
31、DA wants to teach students that commitment and passion are the marks of a successful and joyous career.Registration6305 Yucca Street Los Angeles800-367-7908https: /www.amda.edu21. What is the curriculum of AMDA about?A. Drawing.B. Philosophy.C. PerformingD. Photography.22. How long does the course l
32、ast?A. One semester.B. Two years.C. Three semesters.D. Four years.23. What can students learn in AMDA?A. How to sing beautifully.B. How to train a performer.C. The way to build a stage.D. The way to be a director.【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了AMDA课程的学习内容、学习任务以及想要报名的联系方式。【21题详解】细节理解题。由第一段的Your
33、future in the performing arts doesnt have to be a dream. For over 50 years, AMDA has launched some of the most successful careers in theatre, film and television.可知AMDA的课程是关于表演的，选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。由第二段的Over the course of your four semesters (学期)可知这门课程持续两年，选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。由第二段的plus individual voice less
34、ons.可知学生们在AMDA可以学习怎样唱歌唱得好听，选A。BI was fifteen months old, a happy carefree kid until the day fell. It was a bad fall. I landed on a glass rabbit which cut my eye badly enough to blind it. Trying to save the eye, the doctors stitched the eyeball together where it was cut, leaving a big ugly scar in th
35、e middle of my eye. The attempt failed, but my mama, in all of her wisdom, found a doctor who knew that if the eye were removed entirely, my face would grow up badly twisted, so my scarred, sightless, cloudy and gray eye lived on with me. And as I grew, this sightless eye in so many ways controlled
36、me. I walked with my face looking at the floor so people would not see the ugly me. Sometimes people, even strangers, asked me embarrassing questions or made hurtful remarks. When the kids played games, I was always the “monster”. I grew up imagining that people looked at me in an unusual way, as if
37、 my appearance were my fault. I always felt like I was a freak. Yet mama would say to me, at every turn, “Hold your head up high and face the world.” It became a litany that I relied on. She had started when I was young. She would hold me in her arms and stroke my hair and say, “If you hold your hea
38、d up high, it will be okay, and people will see your beautiful soul.” She continued this message whenever I wanted to hide. Those words have meant different things to me over the years. As a little child, I thought mama meant, “Be careful or you will fall down or bump into something because you are
39、not looking. ”As an adolescent, even though I tended to look down to hide my shame, I found that sometimes when I held my head up high and let people know me, they liked me. My mamas words helped me begin to realize that by letting people look at my face, I let them recognize the intelligence and be
40、auty behind both eyes even if they couldnt see it on the surface. In high school I was successful both academically and socially. I was even elected class president, but on the inside I still felt like a freak. All I really wanted was to look like everyone else. When things got really bad, I would c
41、ry to my mama and she would look at me with loving eyes and say, “Hold your head up high and face the world. Let them see the beauty that is inside.” When I met the man who became my partner for life, we looked each other straight in the eye, and he told me I was beautiful inside and out. He meant i
42、t. My mamas love and encouragement were the spark that gave me the confidence to overcome my own doubt. I had faced adversity, encountered my problems head on, and learned not only to appreciate myself but to have deep compassion for others. “Hold your head up high”, has been heard many times in my
43、home. Each of my children has felt its invitation. The gift my mama gave me lives on in another generation.24. As a result of the terrible accident, the writer _.A. became deaf and blind.B. had her eye hurt.C. had some hearing loss.D. had her eye moved away.25. By saying “Hold your head up high and
44、face the world”, her mother meant to _.A. blame her for lack of confidence.B. warn her of the inconvenience.C. encourage her in her daily life.D. praise her for her great courage.26. The underlined sentence “Each of my children has felt its invitation.” in the last paragraph means _.A. all of the wr
45、iters children grew up with an inviting prospect.B. Mamas inspirational words had deep effects on the writers children.C. each of the writers children received their grandmas invitation.D. the writers children had no choice but to accept the invitation.27. Which of the following is conveyed in this
46、passage?A. Failure is the mother of success.B. Ones mind works faster in danger.C. Never give up whenever in trouble.D. Two hands make the work light.【答案】24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者因为意外容貌受损，十分自卑，是母亲告诉作者一定要抬起头昂首挺胸的生活，最终作者战胜了自己，用内在的美好赢得了别人的真心。【24题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“I landed on a glass
47、 rabbit which cut my eye badly enough to blind it.”（我倒在了一只玻璃兔上，它伤得我的眼睛都看不见东西了。），可知由于那次可怕的事故，作者的眼睛受伤了。故选B项。【25题详解】句意猜测题。由第二段中的“I walked with my face looking at the floor so people would not see the ugly me.”（我走路的时候，我的脸看着地板，这样人们就不会看到丑陋的我了。）和第三段中的“Yet mama would say to me, at every turn, “Hold your hea
48、d up high and face the world.” It became a litany that I relied on.”（可是妈妈每次都会对我说：“抬起头来，面向世界。”这成了我所依赖的一句老话。），可知作者低头走路是因为自卑想遮掩自己的丑陋，妈妈说“抬起头来，面向世界”是为了鼓励作者勇敢地面对生活，自信地生活。故选C项。【26题详解】句意猜测题。由最后一段“Hold your head up high”, has been heard many times in my home. Each of my children has felt its invitation. The
49、 gift my mama gave me lives on in another generation.”（“抬起头来”，在我家里已经听过很多次了。Each of my children has felt its invitation. 。我妈妈给我的礼物在另一代人中继续流传。），结合上文语境可知，作者因为自卑想遮掩自己的丑陋而低头走路，因此妈妈说“抬起头来，面向世界”来鼓励作者勇敢地面对生活，这句鼓舞人心的话对作者产生了深远的影响，它也在另一代人中继续流传，说明妈妈鼓舞人心的话也对作者的孩子们产生了深远的影响。故选B项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。第一段讲“作者因为意外，容颜受损”，第二段讲
50、“作者因为自卑想遮掩自己的丑陋而低头走路”，第三四段讲“为了鼓励作者，妈妈对作者说“抬起头来，面向世界”，让作者勇敢地面对生活”，第五段讲“是妈妈的爱和鼓励让作者有信心克服自己的疑虑”，最后一段讲“妈妈鼓舞人心的话也对作者的孩子们产生了深远的影响”，可知文章主要讲作者因为意外容貌受损，十分自卑，是母亲告诉作者不要丧气、一定要抬起头昂首挺胸的生活，最终作者战胜了自己，用内在的美好赢得了别人的真心，传达的是遇到困难时决不放弃的精神。故选C项。CBoys schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotion
51、s and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure t
52、o conform to a stereotype, the US study says.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the “boy code” of hiding their emotions to be a “real
53、 man”.The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize t
54、hat boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys learning style, le
55、tting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the studys author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically “boy-focused” approaches such as themes and characters that
56、 appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hands-on” lessons where they are allowed to walk around. “Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which viole
57、nce and war are major themes,” James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be “masterful and in charge” in relationships. “In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves we
58、ll enough to know what that means,” the study reported.28. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _.A. grow up more healthily.B. perform relatively better.C. behave more responsibly.D. receive a better education.29. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?A. It plac
59、es more pressure on boys than on girls.B. It focuses more on mixed school education.C. It fails more boys than girls academically.D. It fails to give boys the attention they need.30. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _.A. boys can choose to learn whatever the
60、y are interested in.B. boys can focus on their lessons without being absent-minded.C. teaching can be adapted to suit the characteristics of boys.D. teaching can be designed to promote boys team spirit.【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，单独的男生学校的优点，在这样的学校里，可以根据男性的特点组织教学，不受女生发展的影响。【28题详解】细节理解题
61、。由第四段“The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.(这项研究的结果与人们普遍认为的男孩在和女孩一起学习时表现更好的观点背道而驰)”可知，人们普遍认为，在男女混合的学校里，男孩们学习时表现更好。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。由第五段“Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system
62、 because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.(伊顿公学校长TonyLittle警告说，现在的英国教育体系太过关注女生，可能会造成男生的教育失败。他批评老师们没有认识到男孩实际上比女孩更感性)”可知，Tony Little认为英国的教育体系太关注女生了，老师们给男生的关注要少，没有认识到男孩实际上比女孩更感性。故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第三段“
63、But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the studys author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.(但在单一性别学校，教师可以根据男孩的学习风格来调整课程，让他们在教室里走动，让他们参加团队比赛，以防止无聊，该
64、研究的作者、弗吉尼亚大学的Abigail James写道)”可知，Abigail James认为单一性别学校，教师可以根据男孩的特点来进行教学活动、安排教学。故选C项。DTherere currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that theres now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, its pretty clear that many studen
65、ts are far from sensible. The average students debt upon graduation now approaches $40, 000, and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it “free” are multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, “Costs wont be a barrier.”But the only way college could be free
66、is if the faculty and staff donated their time, the buildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities. As long as its impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If taxpa
67、yers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldnt they have a say in how their money is used?At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If were going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those s
68、ubjects that are of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply dont need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.Average starting sa
69、laries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, therere benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if were talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to
70、produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesnt mean elementary education isnt important. It simply means therere too many elementary school t
71、eachers already.Meanwhile, therere few whore willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very high.So we can have taxpayers pick up students tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study. Or we can allow stu
72、dents both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end, one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isnt. If yes, taxpayer financing isnt needed. If not, taxpayer financing isnt desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no business paying fo
73、r students college education.31. What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans?A. They only expect to get huge returns.B. They are acting in an unwise way.C. They benefit at taxpayers expense.D. They will regret doing so someday.32. What should students do if t
74、axpayers are to bear their college costs?A. Work even harder to repay society.B. Choose their subjects more carefully.C. Choose majors that will serve societys practical need.D. Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.33. What does the author say about the value of a students colleg
75、e education?A. It is well reflected in their average starting salary.B. It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.C. It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.D. It is reflected in how they remove social barriers.34. What message does the author want to convey in the passage?A. Studen
76、ts should think carefully whether to go to collegeB. Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.C. The worth of a college education is open to debate.D. College students should fund their own education.【答案】31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了纳税人不能为学生的大学教育买单，大学生应该自己自费上大学。【31题详解】推理
77、判断题。由第一段中“Therere currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that theres now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, its pretty clear that many students are far from sensible.”（目前，美国有2150万学生，许多人将用借来的钱资助他们的大学。考虑到现在有超过1.3万亿美元的学
78、生贷款在册，很明显很多学生都不明智），可知大学生通过贷款来上学，作者认为他们的行为是不明智的。故选B项。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldnt they have a say in how their money is used?”（如果纳税人要承担免除学生贷款的成本，他们难道不应该对他们的钱是如何使用的有发言权吗？）和第四段中的“At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will
79、 study on the public dime. If were going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that are of greatest benefit to taxpayers.”（至少纳税人应该能够决定学生花公众的金钱上学所学习的内容。如果我们要强迫纳税人为大学学位买单，学生们应该只学习那些对纳税人最有利的科目。）根据第五段“But if were talking about the benefits to
80、society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society.”但如果我们说的是对社会的好处，唯一重要的是这个专业能让学生为社会做出什么贡献。可知，如果纳税人要承担他们的大学费用，学生应该选择符合社会实际需要的专业学习。故选C项。【33题详解】推理判断题。由第五段“Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new wor
81、kers to have. Certainly, therere benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if were talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected i
82、n the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.”（平均起薪清楚地表明，社会需要什么样的培训新员工。当然，大学专业除了学生所能从事的工作之外，还有其他好处。但如果我们说的是对社会的好处，唯一重要的是这个专业能让学生为社会做出什么贡献。学生的价值体现在雇主愿意付给学生的工资上。），可知作者认为大学教育价值在他们的平均起薪中得到了很好的反映。故选A项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。第一段讲“美国学生通过贷款上大学，要求免费上大学”，第二段讲“提出上大学唯一可以免费的方式”，第三四段讲“如果纳税人为学生上大学而付钱，学生
83、应该选择符合社会实际需要的专业学习”，第五六七段讲“大学教育是有价值的，它在人们的平均起薪中得到了很好的反映”，最后两段讲“纳税人不能为学生的大学教育买单，大学生应该自己自费上大学”，可知文章就“谁应该为人们上大学而付钱”展开讨论，最终得出结论：纳税人不能为学生的大学教育买单，大学生应该自己自费上大学，D项“大学生应该为自己的教育买单。”符合文意。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In a few decades artificial intelligence (AI) will surpas
84、s many of the abilities that we believe make us special. _35_ One of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality. According to a report Googles self-driving cars clocked 1,023, 330 km, and required human intervention 12
85、4 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autonomous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year: human interventions fell from 0. 8 times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Googles cars will easily surpass my own driving ab
86、ility later this year.Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go(围棋) took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the worlds leading profes
87、sional Go players. _36_I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another? Hell never calculate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely. _37_It cant be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, mach
88、ines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness.Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, well soon have helpful rational（理性的）assistants. _38_If Im right, we should foster a creative
89、spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality,
90、and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. _39_Because if we arent, we wont be providing much value in future ecosystems, and that may put in question the foundation
91、for our existence.A. So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it.B. With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human?C. We must face our fears if we want to get the most out of technology and we
92、must conquer those fears if we want to get the best out of humanity.D. This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an “irrational” response.E. But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative.F.
93、 Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple question: Whats so special about us?G. Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”.【答案】35. D 36. B 37. F 38. A 39. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文
94、。文章表达了人工智能时代有关人类前景的一些观点。【35题详解】由上一句“In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special.”（再过几十年，人工智能（AI）将超越许多我们认为让我们与众不同的能力。）和下文关于“自动驾驶”、“电脑赢得国际象棋冠军”等人工智能技术可知，驾驶和围棋原本是人类特有的能力，但因为人类正在接近人工智能时代，科技将让人们实现无人驾驶，电脑能打败人类世界领先的职业围棋选手，人类对这种失败的反应无疑是震惊
95、的，这于人类而言是挑战，因此人类需要对这种失败有不一样的反应，承接上下文，D选项“这对我们这个时代来说是一个巨大的挑战，可能需要一种“非理性”的反应。”切题。故选D项。【36题详解】由上一句“The board game Go(围棋) took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the worlds leading professional Go players.”（围棋在2016年取代国际象棋，成为人类思维的新测试，当时一台电脑击败了世界领先的职业围棋选手
96、之一。）和下两句“I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another?”（我担心我六岁的儿子。在一个机器在一个又一个领域打败我们的世界里，他的位置会是什么？）可知，上文讲计算机击败了一位世界领先的职业围棋选手，征服原本属于人类的围棋，下文讲作者担心儿子在计算机不断打败人类的世界里，位置在哪里，说明作者担心一个问题，即在计算机不断征服人类任务的世界里，人的意义与定位将在哪里？承接上下文，B选项“随着计算机征服了过去
97、深深属于人类的任务，未来成为人类意味着什么？”切题。故选B项。【37题详解】由上三句“I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another? Hell never calculate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely.”（我担心我六岁的儿子。在一个机器在一个又一个领域打败我们的世界里，他的位置会是什么？他永远不会计算得更快，开得更好，甚至飞得更安
98、全。）和下一句“It cant be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in.”（不可能是算术这样的技能，机器已经擅长算术了。）可知，上文讲到作者担心儿子在计算机不断打败人类的世界里，位置在哪里，毫无疑问儿子（或人类）是比不上机器人擅长的算数的，因此找定位时，不能以机器人擅长的算数为准，人类应该要找自己的优点或不同于计算机的特别之处，才能找到定位，上下文是顺承关系，承接上下文，F选项“实际上，这都归结为一个相当简单的问题：我们有什么特别之处？”切题。故选F项。【38题详解】由上一句“Perhaps, if we conti
99、nue to improve information-processing machines, well soon have helpful rational（理性的）assistants.”（也许，如果我们继续改进信息处理机器，我们很快就会有用的、理性的助手。）可知，上文中作者建议我们改进信息处理机器，获得有理性的机器助手，换句话说，作者赞成弥补机器的合理性，承接上文，A选项“因此，我们必须致力于补充机器的合理性，而不是与之竞争。”切题。故选A项。【39题详解】由本段首句“Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing ma
100、chines, well soon have helpful rational（理性的）assistants.”（也许，如果我们继续改进信息处理机器，我们很快就会有用的、理性的助手。），上一句We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making.”（我们需要帮助我们的孩子学习如何最好地使用智能计算机来改善人类的决策。）和下一句“Because if we arent, we wont be providing much value in
101、future ecosystems, and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.”（如果我们不能，我们将不会在未来的生态系统中提供更多的价值，这可能会质疑我们生存的基础。）可知，上文中作者建议我们改进信息处理机器，弥补机器的合理性，来帮助人类决策，下文讲到在某种情况下人类的生存基础会受到质疑，该空肯定假设了一种条件，在此种条件下，人类能保证自己的主导地位不动摇，如果不能，人类就会受到质疑，承接上下文，E选项“但最重要的是，我们需要牢记长远的观点：即使电脑比我们聪明，我们仍然可以成为最有创造力的人。”切题。故选E项
102、。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（12分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。Living by the RulesAlmost every community in the real world has some form of rules. A community is a group of people who are united by a number of factors, including geography, language, and values that dictate acceptable behavior
103、. So why do we have rules, and what makes people follow them?Studies have suggested that the reason we dont like cheating and rule-breaking is because fairness is programmed into our brains. Tricomi et al (2010) have found that the brain reacts in a particular way when we feel we are being treated u
104、nfairly. The study identified a reaction in a specific part of the brain when test subjects were given less money than others. A fair situation makes our brains respond in ways that lead to feelings of comfort and even happiness, but unfairness causes our brains to respond with negative feelings suc
105、h as anger and pain. The study found that this also happened when subjects saw other people being treated unfairly. They concluded that fairness is a basic human need along with food and social contact.Our sense of fairness depends on the influences in our culture, the situation we are in, and our o
106、wn self-interest. If we have a feeling of fairness, it means that we consider different points of view. Regardless of the disagreement, people almost always need to compromise. But it can be difficult to arrive at a compromise when there are conflicting interests. This is why communities have rules
107、that everyone must follow. Social controls are an important factor in setting and following rules. They influence the way we behave, and can be internal or external. Internal controls come from within and are based on our values and fears. Most of us dont steal, for example, because we believe that
108、theft is wrong. External controls include rewards and punishments. They do not come from within but are implemented by an authority. Rewards are designed to encourage people to act in the interest of the whole community, while punishments can prevent people from acting against the communitys best in
109、terests, regardless of their values.People need their communities to function smoothly. Because of this, humans most often behave in orderly and fair ways. If there were no rules, the majority of people would probably continue to interact positively, like the subjects in the online avatar study. How
110、ever, there would always be a minority who would not, with serious consequences. This is why a society without rules is unlikely to become a reality any time soonat least not in the real world.40. What is the passage mainly about? 41. Why do researchers believe that fairness is a basic human need? 4
111、2. What is the difference between internal controls and external controls? 43. Would you like to live in a community with no rules? Why or why not? (about 40 words)【答案】40. People live in communities and societies that need rules to promote fairness, and societies can not function without rules. 41.
112、Because people have negative feelings about unfairness. 42. The basis of the two is different. 43. I dont want to live in a community without rules, because no rules mean no justice.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章一项研究表明，人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，无规则社会就无法运行。【40题详解】考查主旨大意。由第一段中的“Almost every community in the real wor
113、ld has some form of rules.”（现实世界中几乎每个社区都有某种形式的规则。），最后一段中的“People need their communities to function smoothly. Because of this, humans most often behave in orderly and fair ways.”（人们需要他们的社区顺利运作。正因为如此，人类的行为通常是有秩序和公平的。）和“This is why a society without rules is unlikely to become a reality any time soona
114、t least not in the real world.”（这就是为什么一个没有规则的社会不可能很快成为现实，至少在现实世界中不可能。）可知，文章讲述了人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，无规则社会就无法运行。故答案为People live in communities and societies that need rules to promote fairness, and societies can not function without rules.。【41题详解】考查推理判断。由第二段中的“Studies have suggested that the reason w
115、e dont like cheating and rule-breaking is because fairness is programmed into our brains.”（研究表明，我们不喜欢作弊和违反规则的原因是因为我们大脑已经植入了公平的基因。）和“A fair situation makes our brains respond in ways that lead to feelings of comfort and even happiness, but unfairness causes our brains to respond with negative feeling
116、s such as anger and pain. The study found that this also happened when subjects saw other people being treated unfairly. They concluded that fairness is a basic human need along with food and social contact.”（一个公平的环境会让我们的大脑产生一种舒适甚至快乐的感觉，但是不公平会让我们的大脑产生消极的感觉，比如愤怒和痛苦。研究发现，当受试者看到其他人受到不公平待遇时，这种情况也会发生。他们的
117、结论是，公平是人类的基本需要，同时也是食物和社会交往的需要。），可知人们之所以不喜欢作弊和违反规则是因为我们大脑已经植入了公平的基因，当发现不公平时，人们会对不公平有消极的感觉（如愤怒和痛苦），这种感觉是根植于基因的，当受试者看到其他人受到不公平待遇时，也会对其他人的不公平有消极的感觉，可得出人们对不公平有消极的感觉具有普适性，所以公平是人类的基本需要。故答案为Because people have negative feelings about unfairness.。【42题详解】考查细节理解。由倒数第二段中的“Internal controls come from within and
118、are based on our values and fears.”（内部控制来自内部，基于我们的价值观和恐惧。）和“External controls include rewards and punishments. They do not come from within but are implemented by an authority.”（外部控制包括奖惩。它们不是来自内部，而是由一个权威机构实施的。）可知，内部控制基于我们的价值观和恐惧，而外部控制基于外部权威因素，二者的基础是不同的。故答案为The basis of the two is different.。【43题详解】考
119、查开放答题。考生可结合文章大意言之有理即可。故答案为I dont want to live in a community without rules, because no rules mean no justice.。第二节（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 从书上看到了中国学生做 “课间操”的图片，向你询问有关情况。请你给他回复邮件，介绍相关信息，内容包括：1） 课间操的基本情况(时间、次数)；2） 你们做课间操的感受。注意：1. 词数不少于 50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：课间操 exercise between classesDea
120、r Jim,_Yours, Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How is everything going? I am glad to hear from you. Learning that you are interested in “exercise between classes”, I am writing to tell you more about it.Designed especially for primary and middle school students, exercise between classes contains some basic moveme
121、nts like jumping, moving, running, clapping, and kicking. Usually we do it between the second and the third classes in the morning, at the same pace to the music, which lasts 20 minutes.As far as I am concerned, it is necessary and beneficial to do exercise between classes. First, as the famous sayi
122、ng goes, life lies on exercise. To maintain physical fitness and overall health, we must involve ourselves in regular sports practice. Besides, it contributes to a pleasant mood. If you have any further questions, just let me know.Yours, Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假设
123、你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 从书上看到了中国学生做 “课间操”的图片，向你询问有关情况。请你给他回复邮件，介绍相关信息，内容包括：1） 课间操的基本情况(时间、次数)；2） 你们做课间操的感受。时态应为一般现在时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； maintain （保持），exercise between classes（课间操），necessary（必要的），attractive（有吸引力的），beneficial（有益的），pace（步速），mood （情绪），physical fitness（身体健康）及contain（包含）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词
124、（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有contribute to（有助于），be interested in（对感兴趣），hear from （收到某人来信），be designed for (为设计)，involve oneself in（参与）以及lie on（取决于），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“Usually we do it between the second and the thir
125、d classes in the morning, at the same pace to the music, which lasts 20 minutes.”，状语从句“First, as the famous saying goes, life lies on exercise.”，形式主语“As far as I am concerned, it is necessary and beneficial to do exercise between classes.”，非谓语动词“Learning that you are interested in “exercise between classes”, I am writing to tell you more about it.”及“Designed especially for primary and middle school students, exercise between classes contains some basic movements like jumping, moving, running, clapping, and kicking.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
