1、Module 4 Which English?Section Grammar&Writing第一板块单元语法复习状语和状语从句 1(教材 P44)_ you receive a phone call from a friend,how long does it take you to know who it is?2(教材 P44)The quality of someones voice and their choice of words make a person _(instant)recognisable,even _you cant see him or her.3 (教 材P44)
2、In this sense everybodys use of language_English,Chinese,or any otheris different.When instantly though whether 4(教材 P44)You could say that there are as many varieties of English,or any other language for that matter,_there are speakers of it.5(教材 P44)_ most people believe there is a right and a wro
3、ng way to speak English,there is not really a standard form that everyone can agree on.as Although 6(教材 P44)Professors of linguistics,writers and teachers all worry about providing a perfect model to follow but _it is so widely spoken,it has become impossible to say which English is“correct”and whic
4、h is“incorrect”7(教材 P45)A customer came up to the author _(hold)a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit.as holding 一、状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词(短语)、介词短语、分词(短语)、不定式和从句等。表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随等意义。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。Fortunately,Natalies family escaped to Brookly
5、n shortly before the citys bridges closed.幸运的是，娜塔利的家人在这个城市的桥关闭前不久就逃到了布鲁克林。They gave money to the old peoples home either personallyor through their companies.他们以个人的名义或者以公司的名义向养老院捐款。The house was too expensive and too big.Besides,Id grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋
6、了。Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.足够勇敢参加这次冒险课的学生肯定会学到很多有用的技能。Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告知了多次，他仍然犯同样的错误。Encouraged by the teacher，I decided to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下，我决定把英语学好。温馨提示形容词作状语表示伴随或结果
7、，并不表示动作的方式。Tired and hot，we had to stop to have a rest.又累又热，我们只好停下来休息。二、状语从句在复合句中作状语成分的从句称为状语从句。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、目的、结果、比较状语从句等。1时间状语从句(1)when,while,as 引导的时间状语从句when从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边，一边；随着”
8、While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，而另一些人却被失败的恐惧而驱动着。As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。(2)until 与 till 引导的时间状语从句until/till 用于肯定句表示“直到为止”，
9、其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not.until/till.表示“直到才”，not 所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until 可用于句首，而 till 不能。If you dont understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以调查、研究以及和其他人讨论，直到你把它弄明白。She didnt start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
10、温馨提示如果将“not until.”结构放在句首，那么主句要部分倒装。(3)before 与 since 的用法before 意为“在之前，还未就，还没来得及就”。常用句式：It will be一段时间before.还要才；It will not be一段时间before.没过就；It was not long before.不久就；It was一段时间before.过了才。We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。If you miss this chance
11、，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。since 意为“自从以来”。常用句式：It is/has been一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时);It was一段时间since.(从句用过去完成时)。As is reported,it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。温馨提示since 引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态
12、动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。(4)表示“一就”的引导词引导的时间状语从句as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the instant,the moment,the minute,no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.等引导词用来引导时间状语从句。The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work,she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。温馨提示no so
13、oner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时。当 no sooner.和 hardly/scarcely.位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。(5)名词词组引导时间状语从句the first time(第一次),the last time(最后一次),by the time(到的时候为止),every/each time(每当/每次),(the)ne
14、xt time(下次)等名词词组用来引导时间状语从句。By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。温馨提示by the time 引导的时间状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，此时主句应使用将来完成时；当从句中用一般过去时时，主句应使用过去完成时。2让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词：though/although,even if/even though(即使),no matter how/what/when.,however/whatever/whenever.,as,while(
15、尽管),whether.or.(不管，无论)等。Although these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但目前它们是至关重要的。温馨提示(1)“no matter疑问词”和“疑问词ever”都可表示“无论”，并且它们都可以引导让步状语从句，其中whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever 还可引导名词性从句。(2)though,although 引导让步状语从句时不与 but 连用，但可与 still 和 yet 连用。(3)as 引导让步状语从句时，
16、从句必须要倒装，though 引导的让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装。Fast as/though you read，you cant finish the book in two days.尽管你读得很快，你也不可能两天内读完这本书。3其他状语从句状语从句连词条件状语从句if,unless(if.not),so/as long as(只要),on condition that,in case(万一),suppose/supposing,provided/providing原因状语从句because,as,since,now that,considering that(考虑到，鉴于)目的状语从句so
17、 that,in order that,in case(以防)结果状语从句so that,so.that.,such.that.地点状语从句where,wherever方式状语从句as(正如，正像),as if/as though(好像)比较状语从句than，as.as.，not as/so.as.Unless you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。You wo
18、nt find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a
19、 good picture.他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。Since/Now that we have finished the course,we shall start doing more revision work.既然我们完成了课程，就应开始多做些复习。You can go wherever you like these days.这些天你可以去你想去的地方。They talked for a long time as if they had been old friends.他们谈了好长时间，好像他们是老朋友似的。温馨提示as if/as though 引导
20、的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当从句表示的情况与事实相反，常用虚拟语气，表示与现在的情况相反用一般过去时，与过去的情况相反用过去完成时，与将来的情况相反用would/could/might动词原形。4状语从句的省略在时间、地点、方式或让步状语从句中，同时具备下列两个条件：主句和从句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是 it;从句谓语动词含 be 的某种形式，从句中的主语和 be 动词常可省略。Firstly,people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，当人们被要
21、求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。Unless(it is)necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没必要，你最好不要查词典。.单句语法填空1A taste for meat is _(actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.2_ we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will b
22、e gone.3Located _ the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.actually If where 4I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.5._online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have bee
23、n positive.6(2019江苏卷)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients _ they need medical assistance.because/as While/Although/Though in case 7(2019天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion_ he wants their support.8There is only one more day to go _ your favorite music gro
24、up play live.9 Little_ he knew about classical music,he pretended to be an expert on it.10Do _ you are told,otherwise you will make mistakes.unless before as/though as.单句改错1One Monday afternoon,we were playing basketball in the playground while I suddenly slipped and fell over._2He was very careless
25、 that he didnt pass the exam._3I thought Mary nice and honest for the first time I met her._whilewhen veryso 去掉for 4The boy sat down excitedly because he answered the question correct._5We were sorry to find that he came back cold and hungrily after he was lost in the forest for a few days._correctc
26、orrectly hungrilyhungry.语法与写作1她是一位好老师，我们都喜欢她。She is _we all love her.2如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩。You will get good grades_.such a good teacher that/so good a teacher that if/on condition that/as long as youstudy hard 3尽管患了感冒，但她仍然继续工作。She still carried on working even though/if she had caught abad cold.4他们出发地很早
27、，以便准时到达。They started early so that they might arrive on time.5自从我们在学校认识之后，我们就一直是好朋友。Weve been friends ever since we met at school.第二板块单元写作观点对比类议论文文体感知正反观点比较类的文章结构完整，条理清楚，逻辑性强。此类文章结构一般是：首先提出问题正方观点及论据(理由)反方观点及论据(理由)最后是结论或说出自己的观点。增分佳句1常用的开头方式：Opinions vary on this topic.Different men usually see the sa
28、me subject in different lights.Opinions are divided on this topic.Opinions fall mainly into two groups.People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards.2表达不同观点：.of them hold the opinion that.of them are in favor of the idea that.People who are for/against the idea think.Some people believe that
29、.Others argue that.3不同观点之间的衔接：However,.of them hold a different view/hold the opposite opinion.People who are against it dont think so.Different from those.,.people think.On the other hand,.people object that.4谈论自己的看法：When it comes to me.As the saying goes,every coin has two sides.And the same is tr
30、ue for this topic.As far as I am concerned.写作要求假如你是李华，最近，你班同学就“世界上人人都说英语是不是会更容易些”展开了一次讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一篇 100 词左右的短文，并表明自己的观点。ForAgainstCommunication would be easier.Business would be smoother.There would be no misunderstandings.International meetings would be cheaperno need for translators and inter
31、preters.Countries would lose their own identity.Everything would be just the same.The world would be more boring.There would be less individual cultural differences.审题谋篇项目结论体裁议论文话题就语言展开讨论时态一般现在时人称第三人称和第一人称词汇推敲讨论支持迷人的；极美的；极好的元素单调的多样性答案：debate in favour of fascinating element dull diversity遣词造句最近，我们就“
32、世界上人人都说英语是不是会更容易些”展开了一次讨论。(普通表达)Recently weve had a debate.Its about whether it would be much easier if everyone in the world just spoke English.(高级表达)_(用宾语从句升级)Recently weve had a debate about whether it would be much easier if everyone in the world just spoke English.尽管它肯定会使生活的许多方面诸如旅游、做生意和政治便捷得多，
33、它也将使世界成为一个更加乏味单调的地方。(普通表达)It would certainly make many areas of life such as travel,business and politics much easier.It would also make the world a more boring and duller place to live in.(高级表达)_(用although 引导让步状语从句升级)Although it would certainly make many areas of life such as travel,business and po
34、litics much easier,it would also make the world a more boring and duller place to live in.妙笔成篇One possible version:Recently weve had a debate about whether it would be much easier if everyone in the world just spoke English.Different people hold different opinions.Some people are in favour of the id
35、ea.Firstly,life would be much easier.Furthermore,business and politics would be easier,as all communications and negotiations could be done directly,and they would be faster and cheaper because there would be no need for translators and interpreters.However,other people think if everyone in the worl
36、d spoke English,the world would be a less interesting place.We would lose many fascinating elements of culture,and our national identity.Personally,I feel that although it would certainly make many areas of life such as travel,business and politics much easier,it would also make the world a more boring and duller place to live in.We need cultural diversityit makes us richer.word部分：请做：课时作业练能力练规范点此进入该word板块
