1、Part 2Using language基础过关练.单词拼写1.A(特征)of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water. 2.The number of trees larger than two feet across has (减少) by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. 3.She says the introduction of the plants an
2、d animals not (源于)to Hawaii is the main reason for the extinction. 4.In the Xia Dynasty, China had gradually entered the slave society from thepsociety.5.You should not bothers for what is your own fault.用方框内短语的适当形式填空carry out; by contrast; in particular; serve as; fight off;in the end1.Since the be
3、ginning of the 19th century, America has had trouble with environmental problems, air pollution . 2.A good diet and fit body will help you to illness and diseaseand to recover more quickly if you do become sick. 3.China has achieved remarkable results in fighting the new pandemic. , some countries h
4、ave done a poor job.4.She didnt think that he was well enough to such a difficult task. 5.His research can valuable reference for the UN to control the spread of EBOLA, a deadly virus. 6.,the attempt failed,but the reverberations still can be felt today.单句语法填空1.The five boroughs of New York City are
5、 thought to be home speakers of around 800 languages, many of them close to extinction.2.I could speak their language and identify with their problems because I(be) there myself before. 3.The news that they(discover) oil in the desert made us happy. 4.Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting he is
6、 wrong and always looking for someone else(blame). 5.They stole my wallet, because I(forget) to lock the locker.完成句子1.布朗先生在我起床的时候已经做好了早餐。Mr Brown had cooked breakfast .2.在简到达的时候,我们已经等待了3个小时。 Jane arrived we had been waiting for 3 hours.3.老师从办公室回来时,他刚把教室打扫完。He the classroom when the teacher returned
7、from the office.4.那两个陌生人交谈起来就好像他们是多年的好朋友一样。The two strangers talked as if they for many years.5.在教堂墓地屹立了300年的老橡树突然间倒在了地上。The old oak tree, which in the churchyard for 300 years, suddenly crashed to the ground. 6.约翰和简在结婚前就已经彼此认识很长时间了。John and Jane each other for a long time before their marriage.7.她说
8、自从到这儿以来她已取得了很大的进步。She said she since she came here.8.我本打算去拜访你的,但没能去成。I to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.9.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。 the audience interrupted him.10.那是他第一次见到自己的名字被刊印出来。It was the first time in print.能力提升练.阅读理解(2021河南洛阳一中高一月考,)Animals can move from place to place, but plants canno
9、t. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly pl
10、ant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for an
11、imals to eat. Some grass may contain a sandy material; eating such grass wears down the animals teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of thes
12、e chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain pl
13、ant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 1.The leaves of the holly plant have more spines on the lower branches because most animals.A.are
14、 not tall enoughB.like the lower leaves onlyC.are not clever enoughD.can get the lower leaves easily2.To defend themselves, oak trees use.A.chemical meansB.physical meansC.bitter chemicalsD.sandy materials3.How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?A.Its leaves fight again
15、st the attack by physical means.B.Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C.Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D.Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.4.What would be the best title for this passage? A.Plants and AnimalsB.How
16、Plants Defend ThemselvesC.Attacks and DefensesD.How Animals Eat Plants Leaves.七选五(2020安徽黄山高一期末,)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.2We know that, wh
17、ile awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, ma
18、king room for fresh memories to form the next day.3Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.4The synapses(突触) in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
19、If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains may have smaller room for new experiences.The research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses b
20、ecome thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size.5“You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B.Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C.Similarly, when people go for a few days w
21、ithout sleeping, they get sick.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G.Tononis team measur
22、ed the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.完形填空(2020山东高考模拟,)My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now. Some people might wonder1on earth I would choose to do that.I have walked through this forest many times. On Decembe
23、r 12, 2011, 2rolled into the forest and the destruction(摧毁)began. I couldnt3the thought that these forests would be4 forever. So, on December 14, 2011, I packed up my life, 5of my job plans, and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree. I have been here ever since.Life in the tree top can be6at tim
24、es. I have times when I feel frustrated(沮丧的)and wish I could7, to anywhere, just have a 8of scenery for a minute! There are times too, when I feel terribly9.I miss my friends and family.10these times, I find myself loving the11.Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to12 here for as lon
25、g as it takes,13I honestly hope it wont be too14before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be15.1.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where2.A.waterB.animalsC.machineryD.tourists3.A.bearB.helpC.keepD.spare4.A.soldB.stolenC.protectedD.lost5.A.grew outB.fell shortC.ran outD.let g
26、o6.A.refreshingB.riskyC.challengingD.rewarding7.A.get upB.get awayC.give inD.give up8.A.changeB.lookC.searchD.touch9.A.confusedB.nervousC.sorryD.lonely10.A.BeyondB.WithoutC.DespiteD.Unlike11.A.heightB.experienceC.backgroundD.position12.A.returnB.stopC.stayD.hide13.A.butB.thoughC.becauseD.so14.A.soon
27、B.longC.nearD.bad15.A.movedB.loggedC.burnedD.missedPart 2Using language基础过关练.1.characteristic2.declined3.native4.primitive5.blame.1.in particular2.fight off3.By contrast4.carry out5.serve as6.In the end.1.to考查介词。句意:纽约市的五个区被认为是大约800种语言使用者的家园,其中许多语言濒临灭绝。be home to意为“的家园/栖息地”。2.had been考查时态。句意:我会讲他们的语言
28、,能体会他们的难处,因为我自己曾在那里待过。根据句意和before可知此处表示过去的过去。故用过去完成时。3.had discovered考查时态。句意:他们在沙漠里发现石油的消息使我们高兴。此句的主干为The news made us happy, discover表示的动作发生在made之前,表示过去的过去,故用过去完成时。4.to blame考查非谓语动词。句意:乔骄傲而固执,从不承认自己错了,总是找别人来责怪。此处应用动词不定式to blame作someone else的后置定语。5.had forgotten考查时态。句意:他们偷了我的钱包,因为我忘记锁储物柜了。forget表示的动
29、作发生在stole之前,表示过去的过去,故用过去完成时。.1.when I got up2.By the time3.had just finished sweeping4.had been good friends5.had stood6.had known7.had made much/great progress8.had intended9.Hardly had he begun to speak when10.he had seen his name能力提升练.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。 介绍不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的,有些植物采取了物理学上的方法,有些采取了化学上的方法,使自己
30、免受动物的伤害,保护自己。1.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.可知选D项。 2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.可知橡树有厚的、坚硬的叶子,使用的是物理学上的方法来保护自己。故B项正确。 3.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的When a caterpillar (毛虫
31、) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends the roots the information to produce more nicotine.可知当烟叶受到毛虫攻击时,树根分泌出更多的尼古丁,故C项正确。 4.B主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的,有些植物采取了物理学上的方法,有些采取了化学上的方法,使自己免受动物的伤害,保护自己。【高频词汇】1.under attack遭到攻击2.run away离开;逃离3.discourage v.阻拦;
32、阻止;劝阻4.branch n.树枝5.wear down(使)磨短;(使)变小6.defense n.防卫,防护;防御能力7.stay away from远离.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人和动物需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。1.C根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month.可知如果实验鼠不睡觉,一个月内它们就死了。同样,人几天不睡觉,就会生病。人和动物形成对应,死和生病形成对应,故选C。2.E前一句提到睡觉有助于我们加强新的记忆。所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉,他们在测试中就会
33、表现得更好,前后为因果关系,故选E。3.F根据下文中的he可知,此处要提到一个人以及他的理论,正好F项中有,故选F。4.G根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知,他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验,G项有关键词synapses和mice,都与他的实验有关,故答案为G。5.B根据后一句提到的You keep what matters“你记住重要的东西”可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来,前后逻辑关系顺畅,故选B。【高频词汇】1.foggy adj.有雾的;模糊的2.strengthen v.加强;增强3.awake adj.醒着(尤指入睡前或刚醒时)4.overnig
34、ht adv.在夜间,在晚上;突然,一夜之间5.measure v.测量;估量,判定(重要性、价值或影响等)6.become loaded with 变得充满的长难句分析原句Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.分析此句中第一个that引导同位语从句,作theory 的
35、同位语。 making room for fresh memories to form the next day为现在分词短语作结果状语。 句意越来越多的人支持这样一种理论:睡眠的逐步发展使大脑中神经元之间的联系能在一夜之间减弱,为第二天新的记忆的形成创造了空间。.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。为保护森林, 作者在树顶居住,这一做法强烈地表达了作者保护森林的意志和决心。1.A根据I have been at the top of a tree for five months now.以及第二段所述原因可知,文章的第二段恰恰是对该空的回应。此处表示“我究竟为什么要选择这样做”。2.C根据rolled
36、 into以及the destruction可知这里讲的是大规模砍伐森林。 machinery (统称)机器,(尤指)大型机器,符合语境。3.A一想到这些森林将永远消失,作者就受不了。bear承受,忍受,符合语境。4.D根据前文and the destruction(摧毁) began 以及文章最后一句可知lost符合语境。5.D根据前文I packed up my life和后文and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree可知选D项。 let go of意为“放弃,摒弃(感情、态度或控制)”,符合语境。6.C此空所在句是本段的主旨句。由本段内容可
37、知“树顶生活”有时具有挑战性,故选C项。7.B 根据to anywhere可知选B项,get away 意为“离开”。8.A根据前文信息可知作者在树上待了5个月之久,同时注意感叹号显示作者待腻了的情绪。9.D根据后文I miss my friends and family.可知作者有时感到孤独。 10.C由前文可知作者的“树顶生活”单调无聊,再由后文的loving可知选C项。11.B此空是对前文“树顶生活”的指代。12.C由Living on the tree has been inspiring.可知作者愿意留在树顶。故选C项。13.A此处考查前后逻辑关系,此处表示转折,故用but。14.B
38、句意:但是我真心希望过不了太久我就能把脚放在下面的地上,站在一片永远不会被砍伐的森林里。15.Blog采伐树木,伐木。与第二段中the destruction began照应。【高频词汇】1.on earth (用于以how、why、what 或 where 开始的问句,表示强调,通常表示问题没有答案或很难回答)究竟,到底2.pack up 收拾行装;停止3.machinery n.(统称)机器;(尤指)大型机器4.bear v.承受,忍受;承担责任长难句分析原句I am willing to stay here for as long as it takes, but I honestly hope it wont be too long before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be logged.分析此句是由but连接的并列复合句。第二个分句中hope后面为省略that的宾语从句。宾语从句中含有before引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句。句意我愿意尽可能久地待在这里,但我真心希望过不了太久我就能把脚放在下面的地上,站在一片永远不会被砍伐的森林里。
