1、Unit 21 Human BiologySection Language Points()(CommunicationWorkshop，Language Awareness，CultureCorner&Bulletin Board)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1I am _(怀疑的)about his chances of winning.2It is _(荒谬的)to go out in such terrible weather.3In India the cow is a _(神圣的)animal.sceptical absurd sacred 4
2、Though in the _(晚期的)stage of cancer,he keeps walking every day.5When she was young,she left home to seek her _(发财)abroad.6The boys _ themselves with food and water，and set off.7My house is being painted,so I have to stay in a _ one.terminal fortune equipped temporary 8There is growing _ about the ef
3、fects of pollution on health.9The _ was badly hit by competition from abroad.10Because of the financial crisis，the staff _ from 10，000 to 8，000 last year.concern firm declined.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1_ v使丧失；抢劫robber n抢劫者robbery n抢劫2_ vt.使有准备equipment n设备；配备3_ n大笔钱财，巨款fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运
4、地rob equip fortune 4extend v延长，延伸_ n延期extensive adj.广泛的，广阔的5_ n担心；担忧concerned adj.有关的；担心的6enquire v询问；打听_ n询问extension concern enquiry.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1_ the other hand 另一方面2live _继续活着；继续存在；以为主食3fall _ comas陷入昏迷的状态4return _ normal恢复正常5_ all costs在任何情况下on on into to at 6_ any rate无论如何；至少7due _由于8rob._.
5、抢劫9_ despair绝望地10be _ to do 决心/决定做11_ a whole作为一个整体；总体上12_ good永远地at to of in determined as for.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1_，many women choose to go out to work.2Once the holidays were over，our lives _3In part this attitude was _ fear of trade union and employee reactions.4The expectation is huge and you hav
6、e to win _5He doesnt understand me,or _ not fully.On the other hand returned to normal due to at all costs at any rate 寻规律、巧记忆v.-sionn.v.n.of复合短语 possession n拥有admission n允许进入expansion n扩张cure sb.of.治愈某人某种疾病inform sb.of.告知某人warn sb.of.警告某人背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实 1.However，this is the first time Ive broken m
7、y leg.然而，这是我第一次摔断腿。This is the first time(that).“这是第一次”。_ a letter in English.这是我第一次用英语写信。This is the first timeIve written 2.It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。“It see
8、ms.”句型。_ such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel.你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事。It seems 核 心 要 点 探 究 rob vt.(robbed，robbed)使丧失；抢夺；掠夺(教材 P40)Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.在 1990 年，特里心脏病发作，大脑缺氧，造成永久性伤害，陷入昏迷状态。(1)r
9、ob sb.of sth.使某人丧失某物；抢夺某人某物rob sp.of sth.从某处抢劫某物(2)robber n.强盗，抢劫犯robbery n.盗窃，抢劫The group robbed the bank of thousands of dollars.这个团伙抢走了那家银行数千美元。The accident robbed him _ his health.那次事故使他丧失了健康。of decline vi.下降；减少；衰退；拒绝；谢绝n下降；衰退；衰退期(教材 P40).it is generally agreed that a patients chances of recover
10、y decline.通常认为病人康复的可能性降低了(1)decline(from.)to.(从)下降/减少到decline by下降/减少了decline to do sth.婉言拒绝做某事(2)fall/go into a decline开始衰落，衰弱下去；走下坡路a decline in的下降in declineon the decline在下降，在衰退The birth rate is on the/in decline while the death rate is on the increase.出生率在下降而死亡率在上升。The town fell/went _ a decline
11、 after the mine closed.这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。Since the beginning of 2014，the price of worldwide milk products has declined _ 3.8%.自从 2014 年年初以来全球乳制品的价格已经下降了 3.8%。into by 名师点津 (1)常见的表示“增加”的动词和动词短语：rise，increase，go up。(2)常见的表示“减少”的动词和动词短语：fall，drop，decrease，go down，decline。(3)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度时常用介词 by，表示“增加”或“减少
12、”的结果时常用介词 to。concern nU担心；忧虑C关心的事；重要事件 vt.关于；涉及；使担忧(教材 P42)in favour but with some concerns?支持但有些担忧？(1)have no concern for.毫不关心have no concern with/in.和毫无关系concern oneself with/in/about sth.忙于某事；关心某事；涉及某事(2)be concerned about/for担心，关心be concerned with与有关be concerned in涉及as far as.be concerned就而言；依之见
13、(3)concerning prep.关于He is concerned for her safety.他担心她的安全。The letter is chiefly concerned _ export commodities.这封信主要是关于出口商品的。He concerned _(him)with public work.他关心公众事务。Many parents are concerned _ their childrens safety.许多父母担心孩子的安全问题。with himself about 语境助记 As far as I am concerned，educators shou
14、ld be concerned about theproblem that is concerned with the healthy growth of children andconcern themselves with/in the work of education actively.依我之见，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并积极地参与教育工作。vote v表决，投票，选出 n.投票，表决(教材 P42)I vote we.我选举我们(1)vote for/against 投票赞成/反对vote on就投票表决vote sb.in/out投票选出某人任职/投票免去某人的
15、职务vote to do sth.投票决定做某事(2)put.to the vote将付诸表决The issue was put to the vote.这一问题被付诸表决。We voted _(accept)the proposal.我们投票决定接受这项提议。Now we will vote _ this question.现在我们就这个问题进行投票。to accept on in despair 绝望地(教材 P43)Lance put his head on the doctors desk in despair.兰斯绝望地把头靠在医生的桌子上。“in抽象名词”通常在句中作状语in pe
16、ace和平地in decline在衰退；在下降in demand需要的in use使用in trouble麻烦地in detail详细地People all over the world should get on with each other in peace.全世界人民应该和平相处。She is _ great trouble，so she needs your advice.她遇到很大的困难，所以需要你的建议。He told me his plan of studying _ detail.他详细地把他的学习计划告诉了我。in in for good(and all)永远，永久(教材
17、P44)Traditional Chinese Medicine finds the cause of the sneezing and treats that to clear it up for good.传统中医是要找到打喷嚏的原因，就这个原因进行治疗，用以彻底消除病症。be no good没用处for ones good为某人好do.gooddo good to.对有好处for the good of.为的利益；为好Its no good doing.做没用He has given up smoking for good(and all)他永远也不吸烟了。Cuts have been
18、made _ the good of the company.实行裁员是为了公司的利益。It is no good _(try)to talk me out of leaving.想说服我不离开，没用。for trying deserve vt.应得到；应受(赏罚等)(教材 P44)Traditional Chinese Medicine is finally getting the chance it deserves to help create a healthier world.传统中医终于获得了应有的机会来帮助创造一个更加健康的世界。deserve sth.值得/应得/应受某物des
19、erve to do sth.值得做某事；应该做某事deserve to be done/doing值得被做I think we deserve a rest after all that hard work.做了那么多辛苦的工作后，我想我们应该休息一下了。Your suggestion deserves _(consider)你的建议值得考虑。considering/to be considered equip vt.装备，配备(教材 P137)Theres no doubt that this will equip us to cure all sorts of illnesses，fro
20、m heart disease to cancer.毫无疑问，这将使我们具备条件治愈各种疾病，从心脏疾病到癌症。(1)equip sb./sth.to do sth.使某人/某物具备条件做某事equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人/某物equip for.为做准备be equipped with配备有(表示状态)(2)equipment n.装备；器材；装置We want to equip our children with some special skills.我们想要我们的孩子具有某些特殊技能。The training course is designed to e
21、quip students _ a career in nursing.这一培训课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。Our school is equipped with much advanced _(equip)bought from abroad.我们学校配备有许多从国外购买的先进设备。for equipment 名师点津 equipment 是不可数名词，表示“一件设备”应为“a piece of equipment”。fortune n大笔钱财，巨款；命运，运气(教材 P137).there are some firms that do this and charge a fortune
22、to keep the bodies frozen.有一些公司这样做，收取一大笔钱让尸体冷冻(1)make a fortune发财by good/bad fortune幸运/不幸地have good/bad fortune to do.有幸/不幸做try ones fortune碰运气seek ones fortune外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡(2)fortunate adj.幸运的be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在方面运气好(3)fortunately adv.幸运地These two brothers decided to go to Americ
23、a to try their fortune.这兄弟俩决定去美国碰碰运气。You are _(fortune)to have such a reasonable father.你真幸运有这样一位通情达理的父亲。fortunate submit vt.提交；屈服；顺从；认为(教材 P137)You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.你本应该在 6 月 14 日提交它。(1)submit sth.to sb.提交；呈递某物给某人submit(oneself)to sb./sth.顺从；屈服submit that提议；认为(2)submissiv
24、e adj.服从的；顺从的；恭顺的submission n.屈服；呈送；提交I have submitted the motion to the House of Commons.我已将动议提交给了众议院。He was too proud to submit _ such treatment.他的自尊心太强，不甘于受那种待遇。We will submit _(us)to the courts judgement.我们服从法庭的判决。to ourselves(教材 P40)However，this is the first time Ive broken my leg.然而，这是我第一次摔断腿。
25、【要点提炼】“this is/was the first time(that).”意思是“第一次做某事”若主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时；若主句为一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。(1)It is time sb.did sth.到某人做某事的时候了(该句式中 time 前不用冠词，从句用一般过去时)(2)Itbe时间段since.句型，意为“自从以来已经有多长时间了”。(3)Itbe时间段before.句型，意为“一段时间后才”。(4)在 Itbe时间点(that/when).句型中，如果将 it，be 和连词去掉后句子仍然完整，说明是强调句型，应用连词 that；如果去掉这些成分后句子不完
26、整，应用连词 when(引导时间状语从句)。This is the first time that he has gone to Beijing with his father.这是第一次他和父亲去北京。It was 11 oclock when he got to the small village last night.他昨晚十一点到达那个小村庄。(时间状语从句)It was at 11 oclock _ he got to the small village last night.他昨晚到达那个小村庄的时候是十一点。(强调句)It is 30 years _ he joined the
27、army.他参军已 30 年了。that since(教材 P44)It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。【要点提炼】该句型为：It isn.that 从句。其中 that 引导主语从句，it 为形式主语。seem 常用于以下句型：seem（to be）表语seemto do.It seems that
28、/as if/as though.There seems（to be）.His father seems(to be)strict.他父亲似乎很严厉。There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎远处有人说话。It seemed _ he had known the truth.He seemed to _(know)the truth.他好像知道了真相。that have known 名师点津 “好像”中的“虚拟”和“陈述”在 It seems/seemed as if.句型中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气来表示所设想的事情不可能发生。但如果句中的情
29、况可能发生或可能被设想为真实，则仍然用陈述语气。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1The _(equip)of the library took much time and money.2He asked several questions _(concern)the future of the company.3The injury may keep him out of football _ good.4The company reported a small decline _ its profits.5Twenty-one voted for it and fourteen vot
30、ed _ it.equipment concerning for in against 6This was the last time that I _(ask)you for money.7Mr Wang was caught in a snowstorm yesterday.I have known that，and _(fortunate)his new car was completely destroyed.8Completed projects must _(submit)by 10 March.9The chairman asked us to vote _ the plan.1
31、0It is thought _ he often helps the people in need.had asked unfortunately be submitted on that.单句改错1I thought her nice and honest for the first time I met her._2The number of tourists to France has declined to 70%since the Olympic Torch Relay in Paris._3Can you give a detailed account of the equipm
32、ents？_4He was arrested for robbing a bank lots of money._5He made fortune in the gold fields of South Africa._去掉for 第二个toby equipmentsequipment bank后加of made后加a.完成句子1如你所知，这是我第一次来中国。As you know,this is the first time _2这些桃树要三年后才开始结果。_ these peach trees begin to bear fruit.I have been to China It will
33、 be three years before 3看来你误解了我在会上所说的话了。_ you have misunderstood what I said at the meeting.4疾病使他失去了一个正常的童年。The illness _5就我而言，你什么时候走都行。_，you can go whenever you want.It seems that robbed him of a normal childhood As far as I am concerned 语 法 专 项 突 破 情态动词语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句There was a 40%chance he wou
34、ld survive and 60%chance he might die.In the next few months,he had to have two operations and to undergo chemotherapy treatment.Many people doubted Armstrongs ability to become a top cyclist again but they need not have worried.However，we must not forget that he is different from other stars.But yo
35、ung，strong men must realise that this can happen to them,too.后自主感悟1.句中的 might 表示“_”。2.句中的 had to 和句中的 must，表示“_和义务”。3.句中的 need not 表示“_”。4.句中的 must not 表示“_”。推测需要没有必要禁止情态动词是一种本身有一定的意义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有：can(could)，may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(shoul
36、d),will(would)。一、常见情态动词用法表示推测can(能)；may(可能)；could(可能)；might(可能)；must(一定)；should(应该)；ought to(应该)；will/would(会)情态动词 表示义务、责任、必要性must(必须)；have to(不得不)；should(应该)；ought to(应该)；need(有必要)；neednt(没有必要)；dont have to(不必)；had better(最好)表示能力 can(能够)；could(能够，过去式)；be able to(能够)情态动词表示请求、许可、禁止Can I.？；May I.？；Cou
37、ld I.？(委婉形式)；Might I.？(委婉形式)；Will you.？；Would you please.？；Shall I.？；cant(不许)；may not(不可以)；mustnt(禁止)表示习惯和倾向used to do(过去常常)；would do(过去的习惯行为)；will do(常常)情态动词表示意志will(与第一、二、三人称连用，意为“愿意”)；shall(与第二人称和第三人称连用表示命令、允诺、强烈的意愿)；dare(敢)I saw her go out just now.She cant be at home now.我刚才看见她出去了。她现在不可能在家。May/
38、Might I sit here?Of course you can.我可以坐这儿吗？当然可以。You havent eaten anything this morning;you must be hungry.你今天早晨没吃任何东西，一定饿了吧。She shouldnt be out in such an early morning.她不会这么一大早就出去的。He would come to help us when he was free.过去，他闲时常来帮我们。The car wont start.车子启动不了。即时演练 1 单句改错When he was a little boy,he
39、 used to swimming in the river nearby._Its hard to say what kind of person he is.Sometimes he is very friendly;at other times he may be very cold._Dare you to tell your parents your school records？_swimmingswim maycan 去掉to Could I use this computer?Yes,you could._You may be careful with the camera.I
40、t costs！_第二个couldcan maymust 二、某些情态动词的特殊用法1shall 在疑问句中，用于第一人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方发出请求；用于第二、三人称，表示说话人对对方的命令、警告、允诺等。Shall I turn down the radio a bit?Yes，please.(No,please dont.)我可以把收音机的音量关小点吗？(征求对方建议)可以。(不，请不要。)You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.我一完成，你就会有这本英语书的。(表示许诺)2should 可用在表示惊奇、怀
41、疑、不满等语气的名词性从句中，意为“竟然、竟会”。It is strange that he should not pass so easy an exam.令人感到奇怪的是，他竟然连这么容易的考试都没有通过。3will，would 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问，用 would 语气更加委婉；will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态，would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态；will 用于各种人称，表示意志、意愿、决心、允诺等，would 表示过去时间的意志、意愿等。Hard as I try and try,the door wont open.我努力地试了又试，这个门就
42、是打不开。(主语的意愿)I would climb the hill when I was a young boy.我小的时候经常爬这座山。(过去的习惯性动作)4must 表示“偏要，硬要”(指做令人不愉快的事)。Must you shout so loudly?你非得这么大声吗？5was/were able to 表示过去成功地做成了某事，相当于 managed to do sth./succeeded in doing sth.。could 仅表示客观上有某种能力，不说明实施该能力后的结果。The maths problem was hard but I was able to work
43、it out.这道数学题目虽难，但我做出来了。By the time she was eight，she could read Greek and Latin.她八岁就会希腊文和拉丁文了。6几个情态动词常考的句型(1)may/might(just)as well“不妨，最好”，与 had better 相近。Since the flight was cancelled，you might as well go by train.既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。(相当于 you had better go by train)(2)cannot/cant.too/enough.“越越好，怎么也
44、不过分”。You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车的时候，越小心越好。三、情态动词have done含义形式 推测musthave过去分词一定发生(对发生在过去的事情的推测)否定式cant(couldnt)have过去分词may(might)have过去分词也许发生(对发生在过去的事情的推测，可能性较小)否定式 may(might)nothave过去分词虚拟语气couldhave过去分词本能够做(实际上没做)neednthave过去分词本没有必要做(实际上已经做了)should(ought to)have过去分词本应该做(实际上没做)s
45、houldnt(oughtnt to)have过去分词本不应该做(实际上已经做了)She cant have been to your house；she doesnt know your address.她不可能去过你家；她不知道你的地址。(对过去的否定推测)She is two hours late.What can have happened?她晚了两个小时。可能会发生什么事情呢？(疑问句中对过去的推测)It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。(肯定句中对过去的推测)She is late.
46、She may have missed the bus.她迟到了。她可能没赶上公交车。(可能性较小)He may not have read the book.他也许没有看过那本书。(否定句中可能性较小)Tom,you are too lazy.The work should have been finishedyesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本应该昨天就完成的。(本应该完成，但实际上没完成)You neednt have woken me up；I dont have to go to work today.你没必要叫醒我；今天我不上班。(本没必要做，但实际上做了)You co
47、uld have come here a little earlier.你本来可以早一点到这里来的。(本能够早一点来的，但实际上来得不早)即时演练 2 完成句子I _(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too busy then.You _(一定是睡得很晚)last night.Your eyes are red.I _(本 应 该 做 作 业)last night，but I went to the cinema.could have helped you must have slept late should have done my homework.单句语法填空1Without
48、 his wartime experiences，Hemingway _(not wirte)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.2I love the weekend，because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.wouldnthave writtenneednt 3You _ be careful with the camera.It costs!4_ you like to have a dinner with me?5Must we finish the composition in class?
49、No，you _must Would neednt/dont have to.单句改错1The law says that drivers cant drive after drinking._2Who says he dare not to do it？_3A few years ago I might afford to bring my wife to this place for dinner._cantmustnt 去掉to mightcould 4If you may go,at least wait until the storm is over._5She told him he ought not do it._maymust not后加to 课 时 分 层 作 业 点击右图进入 Thank you for watching!
