1、规范解题篇书面表达1. 江苏高考考纲解读和近几年考点分布(1) 英语考试大纲对学生的书面表达能力作了明确的规定：“要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。”高中英语课程标准也对写作规定了必须要达到的要求： 能通过文字及图表提供的信息进行简单描述。 能写出常见体裁的应用文，如信函和一般通知等。 能描述人物或事件并进行简单的评论。 能填写有关个人情况的表格，如申请表等。 能以小组形式根据课文改编短剧。(2) 书面表达是考查考生用英语表达自己思想的能力，即运用所学的英语知识及合乎英语习惯的表达方式来传递信息
2、，进行思想交流的能力。这将要求考生根据所给的情景和要求，在限定时间内(一般25分钟)写出150个单词左右的书面材料。因此考生要做到：审题正确、要点全面，能够运用所学的语法结构、词汇知识，使上下文连贯，同时语言要准确、得当，条理清楚，书写规范。所以，具有良好的书面表达能力是非常必要的，它也进一步突出了对考生创新能力的考查。 命题形式多样化。虽然每年的书面表达都属于提高性写作，但其越来越重视创造情景，由单纯的汉语提示转向以图表为主、汉语提示为辅。考生必须首先理解图表的含义，然后才能开始组句成文。 体裁呈现多样化。书面表达的体裁为应用文(书信、通知、便条等)、记叙文(图表作文、日记等)和说明文(人物
3、介绍、活动介绍等)。 试题突出了交际性、实用性。书面表达的内容主要取材于校园、家庭生活和一般外事活动，符合高中学生的年龄特点和生活背景，基本都是考生已经熟悉的或将来有可能经历的事情，情景真实可信。所提出的要求符合考生的实际英语水平，具有可写性，能够充分展示学生的书面表达能力。 改革力度逐年增大。高考英语书面表达(全国卷)的命题方式和题型相对稳定，与单独命制的试题相比，全国卷改革的力度较小，命题思想相对稳定。而单独命制的试题则敢于创新，勇于求变。如北京卷增设“开放作文”题型；上海卷也呈现灵活性较强的特点。随着更多的省市自行命题，书面表达的题型也将稳中有变。 内容更突出时代特色。近几年的话题十分贴
4、近现代生活，因此内容贴近考生的学习和生活将成为今后命题的方向。(3) 2014年江苏高考说明中对书面表达命题的变化：2014年考试说明，在2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明的基础上，进行了适当修订，并替换了部分典型题示例。书面表达示例部分多了读写任务作文，这一作文类型将阅读与写作有机地结合，通过阅读所给材料的有关信息，进而对比信息进行加工，并结合平时积累的相关信息知识，按照任务要求谋篇布局，完成指定的写作任务。这是个难度颇大的作文类型。2. 江苏历年高考命题特点从2004年起，江苏高考英语独立命题。几年来，高考的书面表达已逐渐进入成熟阶段，其主要特点有：(1) 体裁以记叙文和
5、论述文为主。文章一般要求是半开放性的，既让考生按照命题者的立意去完成规定内容，又给考生以自由发挥的空间。 (2) 形式一般以条文式为主，少量为看图说话。大部分考题还给出了要点提示，用以指导考生顺利完成写作任务，但要求考生不能逐句翻译，应保持文体的正确结构。(3) 主题往往与考生的学习、生活有关，题材的时代感很强，如同学在生活中发生冲突、简单介绍考生自己的英语学习情况、使用鼠标的利和弊等。3. 2014年江苏高考英语书面表达特点(1) 近几年的江苏高考书面表达从体裁看以应用文为主，但2014年的书面表达为概括写作题，是考试说明中刚提出的新题型，当年即考，实属罕见。(2) 往年的高考话题比较回避热
6、点问题，常考查常规话题，并贴近学生生活，但2014年的书面表达话题为跨文化话题讨论“英文词汇收录”问题。尽管从当前的文化大背景而言，英语对汉语的冲击与影响确实很大，但此话题与学生的日常生活和社会生活有一定关系，但离高中生的认知能力有一定的距离，而且它对学生对两种文化的语言了解提出了要求，学生在短暂的时间内要写出有力度的，能拿到高分的跨文化书面表达难度较大。(3) 另外，该书面表达也考核了学生对语言的阅读理解与概括能力，这无疑对他们的语言功底提出了巨大的挑战。学生要在有限的时间内做到立意明确、用词准确、观点鲜明(对所给话题的褒贬)、结构正确实属不易。此次江苏卷书面表达给我们的提示是：学生在日常的
7、学习中阅读面要广，多涉猎不同领域的话题，并善于思考，积累知识夯实基础，提升自己语言的输入与输出能力，只有这样才能以不变应万变。策略1注意文章的条理性条理性指的是合理布局文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次，根据需要，安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，也要重视每一段的开头和结尾，开头语往往是总起句，结尾语往往是总结句。策略2注意文章的准确性准确性指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，在实践中不断总结中英在用法上的差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。策略3注意文章的流畅性流畅性
8、指根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。以下是书面表达常见的过渡语：(1) 并列递进：and；and then；also；as well as；besides；whats more；furthermore; moreover；first；firstly；second；secondly；further；still；last；next；finally；to begin with；to start with；equally important；in addition；last but not the least；again(2) 列举：for example；fo
9、r instance；that is to say；namely；to illustrate；after all; first，second，third.；firstly，secondly，thirdly.；first，next，then.；in the first place，in the second place.；for one thing，for another thing.；to begin with；to conclude(3) 解释：as a matter of fact；frankly speaking；in other words；in fact；in this case(4
10、) 总结：in all；in fact；in brief；on the whole；in short；in general；in one word；finally；at last；in conclusion；as I have shown；in other words；as has been stated；in summary；to conclude；indeed；thus；altogether；in particular；to summarize；as has been said；in a word；to sum up(5) 时间顺序：when；while；as；after；before；s
11、ince；until；as soon as；once；now；then；afterwards；earlier；later；immediately；soon；next；in a few days；gradually；suddenly；finally(6) 空间顺序：near (to)；far (from)；in front of；behind；beside；beyond；above；below；to the right left；around；outside(7) 比较词：in the same way；just like；just as(8) 对照：but；still；yet；however；
12、on the contrary；in spite of；even though；in contrast；by contrast；in comparison；by comparison；on the one hand.on the other hand；or；otherwise；like；unlike；while；instead of(9) 原因：because；since；as；now that；because of；thanks to；due to；owing to；for；for this reason(10) 结果：so；therefore；thus；hence；accordingly；
13、consequently；as a result(11) 目的：for this reason；for this purpose；so that；that；in order that；lest；for fear that(12) 强调：in fact；indeed；surely；necessarily；certainly；without any doubt；truly；to repeat；above all；most important(13) 解释说明：for example；in fact；in this case(14) 让步和转折：however；nevertheless；noneth
14、eless；still；though；yet；in spite of；at any rate；in any case；whoever；whatever；but；although；after all(15) 补充：also；further；furthermore；likewise；similarly；moreover；in addition；whats more；too；either；neither；not.but.；not only.but also.；besides(16) 条件：if；suppose (that)；supposing (that)；unless；in case；so (as
15、)long as；so far as；on condition (that)；provided (that)；providing(that)策略4注意文章的简洁性和多样性简洁性就是语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。这也是新课程标准对写作的评价标准。策略5注意文章的思想性英语课程标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。策略6注意文章的美观性美观性指的是卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁；就内容而言，应该有一些写作佳句，以下是考生可以套用、仿写的一些句型：(
16、1) We firmly subscribe to the belief that.We firmly believe that.(2) Im reading the book in the hope that.Im reading the book hoping.(3) The bare/sad truth is that.(4) What developing countries really need to do is (to)stop poverty by fighting the causes of it.(5) Another important thing to remember
17、 is that.(6) Another reason that man makes great nurses is that.(7) Chances are that.Its possible that.(8) Similarly，many ordinary jobs may look dull，but they are as essential as water to our society.(9) Its up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road
18、safety.(10) Its better to face a difficult problem rather than ignore it.(11) Only when you have grasped the rules will you find it easy to learn.Only by working hard can you achieve success.(12) We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems concerning.(13) We have no problem/difficulty d
19、oing.We have no problem/difficulty with sth.(14) We find doing. to be challenging but rewarding.(15) It aims to create a platform for those people to share their thoughts and ideas.(16) Parents put a lot of pressure on their children to do well at school.(17) People are making adaptations to their l
20、ives to try to cause less damage to the environment.(18) Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.(19) I think hard work is fundamental to success.(20) The conference accelerated the pace of educational reforms.(21) The question of whether.is easy to answer.一、 漫画题(2013江苏卷)请根据你对下面两幅
21、图的理解， 以Actions Speak Louder than Words为题， 用英语写一篇短文。图1图2你的短文应包括以下内容：1. 简要描述两幅图的内容。 2. 概述你对这两幅图中不同做法的理解。3. 举例说明这两幅图给你的启示。注意：1. 可参照图片适当发挥。 2. 词数150 左右。3. 短文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。参考词汇： 横幅banner树桩stump【名师点拨】这是一篇看图写作题，是高考英语写作中对考生来说相对较难的一种形式。它主要考查考生综合运用语言的能力，要求考生通过观察和分析单幅或一组画，把图画内容转化成文字信息。但是，它并不是要求考生按
22、照试题里的“提示”进行逐句翻译，而是要求考生在充分领会“提示”的前提下，用自己的语言写成一篇内容充实、语言正确、句子连贯、用词贴切的作文。本文写作中的信息要点是：第一段：描述图画，即描述这两幅图的内容；第二段：揭示画旨，即概述你对这两幅图中不同做法的理解；第三段：发表启示，即举例说明这两幅图给你的启示。【范文】Actions Speak Louder than WordsPeople celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1 a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surround
23、ed by stumps, but in vain, while Picture 2 shows a couple are happily planting trees.The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.” Our earth is suffering severe damage. Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it? The answer is definitely the latte
24、r. Immediate actions should be taken like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.Actions are important in other fields, too. Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need. We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffi
25、c rules, stopping at the red light rather than complaining about traffic jams. Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.【考点突破】漫画题是考试说明中新增的书面表达示例。与材料性作文相比，它对学生的逻辑思维能力要求更高。它首先要求学生有敏锐的观察、理解、联想能力，以实现从图画信息到材料信息的转化。在此过程中学生应在识图的同时展开联想，在联想中体会图意，在体会
26、中把握主题。要想准确把握主题，必须确保联想严格依据图画，切实领会要求，正确把握文体，以求主题明确、图文一致。但须知图画题写作大都属于陈述、说明文体，无须修辞、抒情等表述。审图确定后就应从图中提炼出所要表达的要点材料。要点应服务于主题，提炼要点的过程也是构思成文的过程。要点应精准、有效，做到心中有数，不疏不漏，做到有的放矢，不可漫无边际，偏离画面内容。以下是写该类文章时可以套用的一些模式：1. 解决问题型(1) 描述图画所呈现的问题：As we can see from the picture，it shows us some problems _(问题的现状), which are becom
27、ing more and more serious.(2) 分析图画，剖析问题：Obviously，the picture describes a common problem，which exists in many aspects.For one thing，_(存在问题方面一)；for another，_(存在问题方面二)(3) 陈述个人看法：In my personal opinion，this problem calls for the attention of the whole society.On one hand，relevant and effective laws sho
28、uld be passed to _(解决方法一)；on the other hand, we should raise peoples awareness of _(解决方法二)Meanwhile, we should always _(个人做法)2. 分析现象型(1) 描述图画所呈现的现象：This is a picture which describes vividly a kind of common phenomenon that _(某种现象)，which can be found everywhere, and should arouse our attention.(2) 分析
29、该类现象产生的原因：It is well known that _(分析该类现象)What are the reasons for the phenomenon？For one thing，_(原因一)；for another，_(原因二)(3) 陈述个人看法：Considering the seriousness of _(该类现象)，it is high time that we took more effective measures to solve it.Firstly，_(解决方法一)；secondly，_(解决方法二)Only in this way can we _(达到的目的
30、)If we can _(个人做法)，_(该类现象消失或问题解决)soon in the future.3. 阐明主题型(1) 描述图画所呈现的主题：As is vividly described in the picture above，_(某个主题)，which has aroused a heated discussion and calls for our social concern.(2) 分析该主题：As a matter of fact, the picture reflects a common practice，which exists in many places. To
31、 begin with, _(产生背景一)；in addition, _(产生背景二)(3) 陈述个人看法：As for me，I hold the view that we have the responsibility to solve this problem. First of all, we must take a right attitude towards _(看法一)Whats more，_(看法二). Only in this way can we _(达到的目标)二、 要点提示题(2012江苏卷)生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执，导致关系紧张。请你
32、结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报Happy Teens法治专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球、碰撞、争执分析发生冲突的原因遇事不够冷静谈谈避免冲突的做法请考生根据自己的经历或感想，提出至少两种做法注意：1. 对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。 2. 词数：150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3. 作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。Conflicts with others are common in everyday life._【名师点拨】该书面表达题是以表格的形式呈现的，旨在要求考生具有分析表格的能力，并通过表格所提供的相关信息
33、来分析问题。表格类书面表达在文体上具有多样性的特点，可以是任意体裁。因此，我们应在确定好体裁后，再对材料进行分析。本文写作中的信息要点是：简要介绍事情的经过；发生冲突的原因；避免冲突的措施。【范文】Conflicts_with_others_are_common_in_everyday_life.During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other，trying to catch the ball.Then they started shouting and yell
34、ing，and it turned into a horrible quarrel.To be honest，it was Sus fault but Li was also to blamethey were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing.As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.To avoid such
35、 conflicts，we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life.It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.Dont be selfcentred a
36、nd try to be considerate.We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.【考点突破】以要点形式对考查内容加以呈现，是近几年江苏高考英语写作常见的考查方式，采用材料加个人观点的半开放式表达形式；在写作该类文章时，考生需仔细审题，确定并紧扣要点，切忌天马行空，无限发挥；考生需根据提纲所提供材料的要点，精心组织归纳，依照材料内在的逻辑顺序，精选动词，使其要点句子化，同时恰当使用连接性词语，从而做到文章自然流畅，衔接紧凑；同时合理使用并列句、复合句、强调句、倒装句等句式，为文章增光添彩。以下是写该类文章时可以套用的一些模
37、式：1. 阐述主题型(1) 导入议论话题： _(某个论点)has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young.Recently a heated discussion on the topic was held in our class, from which we can learn a lot.(2) 分析并举例说明使论述言之有理：First of all，_(理由一)For example，_(举例说明)Whats more，_(理由二)Another case is that _(举例说明)Furthermore
38、，_(理由三)(3) 阐明个人观点：As far as Im concerned，we should pay attention to every small bit to _(达到目标)At the same time，_Whats more，_In conclusion，_(个人看法)2. 解决方法型(1) 问题现状：In recent days, we have to face such a problem _，which is becoming more and more serious. In the first place，_(说明问题的现状)Whats more，_(举例进一步说
39、明现状)(2) 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)：Confronted with the problem, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing，_(解决方法一)For another _(解决方法二)Finally, _(解决方法三)(3) 陈述个人看法：From my point of view, I believe that _(我的解决方法)Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaitin
40、g us because _(带来的好处)3. 正反观点对比型 (1) 导入主题：There is a widespread concern over the issue that _(某个主题)But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.(2) 正方观点：A majority of people approve of the opinion that _(正方观点)From their point of view there are two facto
41、rs contributing to this attitude as follows：in the first place，_(原因一)Furthermore, _(原因二)(3) 反方观点：On the contrary, some people differ in their opinions on this matter. They hold the view that _(反方观点)On the one hand，_(原因一)On the other hand，_(原因二)(4) 阐明个人看法：As far as I am concerned，I think we should ta
42、ke immediate measures to _First of all，_In addition，_(个人观点)三、 图表题自1978年以来，我国海外留学生回国人数逐年上升。请在Shanghai Daily上发表一篇文章，根据图表叙述海外人员归国情况，分析回国原因，并希望更多的海外学者回国创业。要求：1. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。2. 词数：150左右。开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：制定政策work out policies海归人员returneeThere has been a reversal of the brain drain since 1978 ac
43、ross the country._【范文】There_has_been_a_reversal_of_the_brain_drain_since_1978_across_the_country. Between 1978 and 2007, about 7，000 overseas Chinese returned to Shanghai after completing their studies abroad. They accounted for about 25% of all returnees nationwide. The year 2008 has witnessed a bo
44、om. The number of returnees came up to 15，000. By the end of 2012, a further 32，000 will have returned to this city.The reversal of the brain drain mainly arises from three facts. Firstly, our government values overseas Chinese scholars highly, encourages them to return home to start their own caree
45、rs and has worked out a series of preferential policies. In Shanghai, the famous international city, they can enjoy a modern lifestyle. Secondly, Chinas economy has been developing at a high speed, which provides them with a vast space of development. Many returnees have achieved outstanding success
46、 in scientific research or in highlevel management. They are playing a more and more important role. Thirdly, the current global financial crisis leaves many overseas out of work or at the edge of being laid off. They feel more secure at home because the economy is more stable.I hope that more overs
47、eas Chinese can head home. There is a bright future ahead of them.【考点突破】高考图表题要求考生根据所给的图表信息进行分析，阅读其中的文字和说明，弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼其要点，进而将其转化为表意的说明文字。在组织语言进行写作时，首先思考主题，将文字说明材料和图表有机地结合起来，按照写作主旨要求组织层次清楚、合乎逻辑、前后连贯的文章。在分析图表时切不可凭空想象，要善于抓住总的规律和趋势，根据图表中所揭示的信息，分析其原因并就其存在的问题提出解决方法或建议。如果材料要求阐述作者个人观点，考生则需在最后加入自己的观点。而曲线图常
48、表示事物的变化趋势，考生应认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。认真观察坐标系信息，抓住曲线图变化趋势，结合提供的时间和数据参照寻求切入点；根据曲线图的变化过程，尽可能利用所给的文字信息进行分类、比较、总结；写作过程中不必要将图中全部数据信息加以描述，只需将典型内容加以分析。同时，注意根据有无时间参照确定整篇文章时态，文章时态方面除特定的时间用过去时外，常用一般现在时，来对某些客观情况加以描述。以下是写该类文章时可以套用的一些模式：1. 曲线图表类(1) 分析曲线图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势，简要概述图表所揭示的信息：From the line
49、graph above, it can be concluded that there has been a slight/sharp/steady increase/fall from A in _(时间一)to B in _(时间二)The figures，presented in the graph, describe the general trend in _(某方面). Compared with/to.，B is倍数as形容词as that of A. (2) 分析原因：There are several reasons that account for it，which sho
50、uld arouse the attention of the whole society.In the first place, _(原因一); whats more，_(原因二)；last but not least，_(原因三)(3) 提出解决问题的办法或建议：As a matter of fact, its clear from the graph that it is everyones duty to _(建议一)All of us should try our best to _(建议二)At the same time，_(建议三). Only in this way can
51、we _(达到的目标)2. 饼形图表类(1) 开门见山地点明饼形图表所反映的主题：After considering the information in the pie chart，we may conclude that _(某个主题)，which shows the great changes in the percentage of _(某方面)over the period from A to B.(2) 分析数据间的主要差异或趋势，并就该现象阐述其理由：As is illustrated by the figures in the pie chart，.% of the peopl
52、e would like to do A while .% of the people intend to do B；compared to/with C, D amounts to .% in _(某方面)There are several reasons accounting for it.On one hand，_(理由一)；on the other hand，_(理由二)；in addition，_(理由三)(3) 归纳总结或发表建议：In a word, there is no doubt that _(某种趋势)In order to _(达到某目的)，we are suppose
53、d to _(建议一)Moreover _(建议二)Only in this way can we _(达到的目标)3. 柱状图表类 (1) 描述图表，得出结论：As is shown in the bar chart，about.per cent of the people do A；compared with B，the number of the people of doing C accounts for .%；at the same time, the people who do D make up.per cent.From the data given in the bar ch
54、art, it can be inferred that _(某个结论)(2) 紧扣主题，根据图表比较分析原因，论证结论： _(某现象)mainly arises from the following facts.For one thing, _(原因一); for another, _(原因二); furthermore, _(原因三)(3) 发表议论，提出自己的看法：On the whole，it is apparent from the bar chart that _(某种趋势)，so we can draw the conclusion that _(某结论)On this basi
55、s，_(目标一)Moreover，_(目标二)四、 开放性作文(2013浙江卷)请以One Thing Im Proud of为题，用英语写一篇100120词的短文，记述一件你自己认为得意的事情。要求如下：1. 记述事情经过。2. 简要说明你感到得意的原因或从中得到的启示。注意：文章的标题已给出，不计入总词数。【范文】One Thing Im Proud ofI still remember how I became a good table tennis player.The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmat
56、es playing table tennis. Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good. Later on, I often watched them carefully to learn their techniques. Then I kept practising until I became confident enough to challenge the good players. At the end of the term I became one of the best pla
57、yers in my class.I am really proud of this experience, because it helps me realize that we all can fulfill our potential and achieve our goals through hard work. It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.”【考点突破】开放性作文所给提示比较简单，要求学生根据提供的情景写一段文字。学生需要充分发挥自己的想象力和创造力，自己拓宽主题，组织篇
58、章结构。这既能体现出学生活跃的思维，又能表现出学生的逻辑思维能力和灵活运用英语的能力。以下是写该类文章时可以套用的一些模式：描述事件发生的时间、地点：This story happened in _(地点) on/in _(时间)；One day/Once upon a time/The other day/It was in _(地点或时间) that the story happened举例说明：For example/instance _ such as A，B，C and so on；A particular example for this is.说明故事主体： This story
59、 is not rare./The story still has a realistic significance.提出假设的方法：Suppose that./It is not surprising that.描述人的情感：be/feel happy/delighted/satisfied/sad/disappointed/.; to ones disappointment/joy/pleasure/delight/surprise/.; make sb. angry/sad/proud/pleased/happy/.五、 任务型写作题(2014江苏卷)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一
60、篇 150 词左右的文章。When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”. When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM 2.5”. When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Byebye”. English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They ha
61、ve already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes a
62、gainst Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favour of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threa
63、ten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.【写作内容】1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要。2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1) 支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇。(2) 用 23个理由或论据支撑你的观点。【写作要求】1. 可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据。2. 阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句。3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。4. 不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整，语
64、言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。【范文】支持：Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not.Generally, I am in favour of the inclusion. As the number of English learners is on the
65、 rise, its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. Besides, it is, on some occasions, more convenient to use English words. Most people nowadays use “IT” instead of its translation xinxi jishu. In our global village, we can see that its not uncommon for one language to
66、borrow words from other languages. In English, there are many words borrowed from Latin, French, or even Chinese. In fact, Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages, say, ganbu or minzhu from Japanese.So, its safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitat
67、es daily communication.反对：With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against”I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons. Firstly, this inclusion has actually po
68、lluted our mother tongue. Sooner or later, many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones. And, rules dont tell us how to pronounce such Englishturned Chinese words as “wifi” and “Out” in a Chinese way! Secondly, such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated agai
69、nst those with little knowledge of English. Just for one illustration, while college students take “Byebye” for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to zaijian.In short, not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese, it may also bring abou
70、t distance between the Chinese people.【名师点拨】该篇书面表达是一篇议论文写作。2014年江苏英语高考首次采用新题型，这也是在2014年高考大纲中第一次出现。该篇书面表达要求考生首先用30个单词概括所给的文字，然后再给出自己的评判。不管考生是赞成还是反对哪一观点，都要提供足够的理由或者论据。首先，概括部分考查了学生的概括能力，学生在概括的时候要注意语言的精炼，要点要齐全。其次，阐述的理由或论据要简洁明了，层次分明。最后，对自己的观点要作出总结。【考点突破】本文属于任务型写作，要求简单描述短文内容并就短文内容发表个人的观点，属于议论文的范围，所以使用一般现在
71、时和第三人称。本文讨论的话题是：很多英语单词进入中文词典。要求针对这个现象发表个人观点。要点：1. 简述短文：很多英语单词进入中文词典。2. 发表观点：支持者认为，随着学习英语的人越来越多，人们也能理解这些词的意思，不影响阅读。而且这是文化融合的一种表现；反对者认为，这是一种文化污染，会影响这些词的纯正的发音等，同时对于那些英语不好的人来说还是一种偏见等。本文要特别注意思想的辩证性，看待问题要一分为二，不能绝对化。写作时要注意尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。【常规模版】第一段：概括文章要点，语言要精炼，概括要全面，行文连贯，表达准确。概括时常用
72、的句式有：(一) 说明文类适用“段意合并法”，常用模板：1. This article deals with/discusses/analyzes/strongly emphasizes the impact of sth.2. This article not only describes. but also suggests.3. This article compares the disadvantages/benefits of. and summarizes key findings.4. This article gives an account of/provides an an
73、alysis of/provides a method of.5. This article shows/tells us that.6. The author finds it necessary to./ The purpose of the report is to show that.7. The author holds the idea that., giving it an example of sb. who.8. The author strongly emphasizes the benefits of getting up early such as.9. This ar
74、ticle points out the common phenomenon(主题), which.(补充解释)(二) 记叙文类适用“要素串联法”，常用模版：1. The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.2. The author tells us a story about a _3. The passage is a story about _4. According to the passage, the hero in the story _(三) 议论文适用“主题概括法
75、”，常用模版：1. The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.2. The essay/passage/author argues in support of., stating that.3. The essay/passage/author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.4. The article gives the view that. should/shouldnt.(主题).(补充论据)5. The passage
76、 highlights the importance of sth.第二段：写完概括后，用恰当的过渡语引出下文；并根据要求进行分析或举例或说明自己的看法。 分析现象及原因：The material reflects such a phenomenon that. There are some reasons accounting for it./ What the material reflects is that. Some factors lead to such a phenomenon as follows. 举例说明：This is common in /among. Lets ta
77、ke. for example. 说明自己的观点： In my opinion/ From my point of view, .第三段：根据要求或启示，提出看法或如何解决该问题，可以用套语配名言来点题。 常用的结论性词语有：1. In conclusion.2. In short.3. In a word.4. In general.5. All in all.6. All these things considered.7. To sum up.8. Therefore.15分和20多分的作文差距在哪里？15分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但全都是很简单
78、句子的一个堆砌，没有任何的亮点。而20多分的作文在句型词汇方面做了很好的包装，文中的句子如人穿的衣服，它已经不是普通校服，而是一些上等名牌，所以让人觉得很“拽”，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很“拽”的感觉。A. 英语书面表达在评阅时遵循三原则：1. 语言第一位(语言高级)。2. 内容第二位(要点齐全)。3. 结构第三位(文章分段)。B. 英语书面表达要强化“高级”“复杂”两个概念：四项原则：1. 词组优先原则：原文A new railway is being built in my hometown.修正A new railway is under construction in my home
79、town.2. 地道原则：原文Through travelling, I learned a lot of knowledge.修正Through travelling, I gained/obtained a lot of knowledge.3. 避免重复原则：原文I like reading while my brother likes watching television.修正I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.4. 后高长原则后学到、较高级、较长词汇：原 词替换词hard diligentlyvery
80、 rather/extremelypay attention to attach importance tohappy delighted/enjoyablemore and more the increasing number ofC. 英语书面表达要强化“语法”“修辞”两个概念：四个“不如”：1. 肯定不如双否好：修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，便可在文章中设计双重否定的句子变为亮点句，起到强调作用。如：The postman comes on time every day.The postma
81、n never fails to come on time.He came here at 5 pm.yesterday.He did not come here until 5 pm.yesterday.I have made great progress in English with his help.I couldnt have made so much progress in English without his help.2. 陈述不如倒装妙：倒装是一种简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。如：Only when we realize the importance of environ
82、mental protection can we solve the problem of pollution.So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.Diligent as he was, he failed in passing the exam.By no means should teenagers get into the habit of smoking.在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，足以应对书面表达。如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。具体的方法为：(1) 否定词开头：He didnt come here until
83、 5 pm.yesterday.Not until/till 5 pm.did he come here yesterday.It was not until/till 5 pm.that he came here yesterday.I will never marry you. Never will I marry you.Ive never seen such a wonderful film before.Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.(2) 地点状语开头：把地点状语放在句首，后面主谓倒装。这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高
84、级结构，其次是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子呈现更多的亮点。On the bank stand some flowers.In the sky hang little stars.In the centre of our school lies our library.In the centre of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building.(3) Only介词短语：Only in this way can I improve my
85、English.Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy.Only in this way can we achieve our goal.(4) 形容词as主语be动词：Young as I am, I can manage it.Rich as our country is, we have a lot of problems.Badly injured as he was, he managed to take down the cars number.3. 主动不如被动巧：英语是一门客观的语言，而汉语是一门主观的语言，具体体现在：英语中经
86、常用被动语态，汉语中经常用主动语态；英语中经常用事物或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语中经常用人称开头，强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现句型的变化，使整篇文章句型丰富。如在高考中，很多学生在表达“我们每次最多可以借五本书，可以借十天”时：试比较：We can borrow five books at most, and we can keep them for ten days.At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept
87、 for ten days.哪种表达法所得分数会更高？4. 从句不如分词傲：几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构。如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，便可改为独立主格或分词结构，形成最大的亮点。口诀：一去(去连词)，二看(看主语)，三改(改分词)。如：If such is the case, you should apologize to her.第一步，去掉连词if; 第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格； 第三步，改分词，把is 变成being。最后变成：Such being the case，you should a
88、pologize to her.如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构。原文The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.修正Hearing the bad news，the young man couldnt help crying.原文If everything is taken into consideration, we ought to have another chance.修正Everything taken into consideration, we ought to have another cha
89、nce.D. 英语书面表达的应对策略：1. 夯实基本，尤其需注重高频动词、名词的用法，做到词不离句，句不离篇。2. 训练英语思维，多背诵、默写范文。3. 注重写作训练的规范化，做到句与句之间有连接词，段与段之间有过渡句。4. 注重写作训练形式多样化，关注议论文、漫画类、图表题和应用文的表达形式。E. 英语成语与谚语：Roman is not built one day./When in Rome，do as Romans do./Dont count your eggs before they are hatched./Never cry over the split milk./Therer
90、e two rabbits fighting each other in your heart./He looks like a cat on a hot brick./One stone, two birds./One coin has two sides./As strong as a horse./As busy as a bee./There is no place like home./A swallow doesnt make a summer./Two heads are better than one./All that glittering is not gold.书面表达1
91、假如你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发了电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回封邮件：1. 未及时回信的原因。2. 你假期的打算(如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等)。注意： 1. 词数：150。 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 One possible version：Dear Tom，How is everything going on with you? Im writing this letter to express my apology to you for not writing you back in time.In
92、 the first place, Ill be so happy if you could accept my apology. Its of great importance for me to make full preparations for the final exam last week. Therefore, I couldnt spare enough time to write you back in time. Whats more, I am willing to tell you that I am to do some parttime jobs in the su
93、mmer holiday. No one can deny the fact that we can have our vision broadened in the process. Last but not least, it must be pointed out that I would love to go travelling during this holiday.I am looking forward to hearing from you. And Ill appreciate it very much if you give me an early reply.Yours
94、 sincerely，Li Hua书面表达2孩子的成长和教育是社会热议的话题，现今父母包揽一切、孩子过度依赖等现象十分严重。请阅读下面的漫画，按要求用英语写一篇短文。 要求： 1. 描述漫画内容。2. 分析漫画所揭示的问题。3. 提出你的看法。注意：1. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。2. 考生可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、连贯。 3. 词数120左右。4. 文中不能出现考生的具体信息。参考词汇：为作准备，为铺平道路pave the wayOne possible version：From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a
95、 long red carpet. The son, well dressed, waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating. It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.
96、Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.Such a situation is of great concern. In my opinion, overprotection and too much
97、care are extremely bad for childrens development. Instead of doing everything for them, parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves. Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.书面表达3林书豪(Jeremy Lin)在NBA
98、的优异表现在全球掀起了一股“林旋风”。近期某网站就林书豪现象对网民进行了一次调查，结果见下表。请根据下面表格的文字内容和饼状图，用英语写一篇短文，短文内容须包括表中提供的所有信息。成功原因勤奋天赋教育运气从他身上你学到了什么？(不少于两点)注意：1. 对所给提示，不要简单翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 2. 词数150左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。Recently, a survey on Jeremy Lin has been conducted among netizens on a website._One possible version：Recently,_a_survey_o
99、n_Jeremy_Lin_has_been_conducted_among_netizens_on_a_website. People surveyed have different opinions about his success and his future. Some of them consider diligence as an important factor of his success. Some of them think Lin possesses a remarkable talent for basketball. It is also believed that
100、the education that he has received contributes to his success. Others think of luck as one of the factors leading to success.As for Lins possible achievement in the future, 70% of them believe that he will make more achievements in NBA than Yao Ming, while 20% of them hold the opposite opinion. The
101、rest have no idea about the matter.Jeremy Lin has many good qualities that we can learn from. We are supposed to aim high and make every effort to achieve great success. In addition, we should try our best to overcome whatever difficulties we meet, instead of losing heart. Only by doing so can we re
102、alize our dreams in the future.书面表达4阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 China news, Shanghai, October 8According to a random survey covering 3，800 elementary and secondary school students in Shanghai, the two groups of students have very different career outlooks. Most pupils dream of starting their own
103、business after graduation, while high school students long for freelancing. “Its so cool to be your own boss, and you can decide when to start a days work，” said Jay (not his real name), a fifth grade pupil. The hottest topic between him and his classmates is usually about their future careers, and
104、many of them have already had a thorough plan for the future. Jay says that he will start his business with his friends in a few years after graduating from college, when he will have already accumulated some money. High school students choices tend to be more reasonable. Some of them say they will
105、take an ordinary fulltime job, while many of them also appreciate the freedom of freelancing: however, most of them will think twice before starting their own business, as it is extremely difficult to start a career from scratch. 【写作内容】上面这篇文章来自中国新闻网，请你读后以一名学生的身份在中国新闻网发表意见栏上写一篇文章，至少包含以下内容要点： 1. 以大约30
106、词概括短文的内容要点。2. 以大约120词谈谈你个人的就业意向。3. 你打算以后干什么？说出你选择的理由。4. 为了将来的事业，你现在应该怎么做。 One possible version: According to a survey, some elementary and secondary school students in Shanghai hope to start their own business in the future while some others, especially high school students, prefer to take an ordina
107、ry job. I dream of being an excellent doctor after I graduate from university. First, I am told that to be a doctor, I can have a very good income. We have to admit that money is important. With it, I can live more comfortably and provide my child with a better environment. If I have enough money, I
108、 can also help the poor. Wouldnt it be wonderful? More importantly, doctors are angels to the patients, who can help the sick get rid of pain and suffering or even give a second life to the dying. I cant imagine how great I will feel when seeing a patient recover from the illness and live happily again because of my help. Now what I should do is study hard to make sure I can enter a famous medicine university, where I can get the required knowledge and skills to be a good doctor.
