1、Section Grammar时间状语从句和原因状语从句一、时间状语从句1when, while和as(1)when引导时间状语从句的用法when引导时间状语从句时，句中的谓语动词既可为延续性动作，也可为瞬时性动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。例如：When I lived in the countryside, I used to go fishing with my fellows.(延续性动作)我住在乡下时，常和伙伴们去钓鱼。When the lecture finished, the audience warmly clapped Yi Zhongtian.
2、(瞬时性动作)演讲结束时，听众向易中天热烈鼓掌。when可以用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。例如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时一个人闯了进来。when还表示原因，相当于since(既然；考虑到)。例如：It was foolish of you to do it when you have realised its impossibility.既然你已意识到不可能做这件事，却去做了，真够愚蠢的。温馨提示：当when引导的从句是系表结构，且主语和主句的主语一
3、致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。例如：As a young man (When he was a young man), he was fond of reading.他年轻时，喜欢读书。(2)while的用法while引导的状语从句中的动作必须是延续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作的相比性。例如：Dont talk with others while your mouth is full.吃东西时别对着别人说话。while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。例如：I like staying at home on weekends, while
4、my wife enjoys going shopping.周末我喜欢待在家里，而妻子喜欢去购物。while作从属连词，意为“尽管”，有时还等于although。例如：While (Although) I am willing to help, I do not have enough time.尽管我乐意帮忙，但没有足够的时间。(3)as的用法as引导的状语从句中谓语动词可为延续性动作，表示从句和主句两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边，(一边)”或“随着”。例如：She hurried to work, looking behind at her son as she went out
5、.她匆忙去上班，边出门边回头看儿子。As time went on, he missed his parents more and more.随着时间的推移，他越来越思念父母亲。2every time, each time, next time, the first time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每次，下次”。例如：Each time I met with difficulty, my teacher would help me.每次我遇到困难，老师都会帮助我。The first time I climbed Mount Tai, I was impressed with he
6、r beauty.第一次爬泰山，我就被她的美景吸引住了。3.before和since(1)before的用法before表示“还未就；不到就；才，还没来得及”。例如：We hadnt run a while before Tom felt tired.我们还没跑一会儿，汤姆就累了。Please note down before you forget.趁着没忘记，请记下来。It will be一段时间before.多久之后才。例如：It will be one month before I complete it.我一个月之后才能完成。It wont be long before we grad
7、uate.不久我们就毕业了。(2)since的用法since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生的动作。since从句的时态如果是一般过去时，相应地，主句的时态是现在完成时或是现在完成进行时。例如：I have never heard of him since he left home.自他离家出走，我至今没听到他的消息。They have been working for the factory since they came here.他们自来到这里，就一直为这个工厂干活。在“It is一段时间since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作
8、完成或状态结束时算起。例如：It is three years since I moved to London.我搬到伦敦三年了。It is ten years since Ive seen her.我已经十年没见她了。二、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because(因为), as(由于), since/now that(既然)等。because语气最强，表示的是直接的理由。可用来回答why引导的问句，可用于强调句型它所引导的从句常放在主句后as语气较弱，较口语化，表示较明显的原因或已知的事实它所引导的从句常放在主句前since/now that语气较弱，所表示的原因为人们已知的事
9、实。常译为“既然”since常和now that互换，但now that可用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理I cant get to sleep because there is much noise outside.由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。As he was in a hurry, he left this bag home.由于他太匆忙才把包丢在了家里。Since it is late, I shall go home now.由于时间太晚了，我现在要回家了。Now that the rain has stopped, lets go home at once.既然雨已经停了，我们马上回
10、家吧。名师点津for“因为”后跟句子时，不是从属连词而是并列连词，是用来说明、补充解释或表示一种推理，所以for后面的并列句不能置于句首。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了，因为鸟儿都在叫了。考情分析高考要求学生应该掌握各类状语从句，能够掌握各类状语从句的常见连词，能够根据语境和逻辑关系选用恰当的状语从句的连词。某些常见连词的特殊含义和用法也是高考的考查点之一。每年的高考试卷中都会对状语从句以及连词进行考查。2018、2017年课标全国卷、均考查了状语从句中连词的运用。相似助记表示“一就”的结构可以归纳为：“the名词”类：the mom
11、ent, the minute, the second, the instant副词类：immediately, instantly, directly结构类：Hardly/Scarcely. when., No sooner. than.介词短语类：on/upondoing或on/upon名词高考佳句Debra Avery has been a horse lover since she was a little girl in San Diego.在圣迭戈，自从Debra Avery还是个小女孩的时候，她已经是一个骑马爱好者了。If you dont understand somethin
12、g, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你不明白某件事情，你可以去调查、研究并与其他人商讨，直到你弄明白为止。即时训练.句型转换1Ill call you as soon as I get home from work.Ill call you the_moment I get home from work.Ill call you immediately I get home from work.2.No sooner had I walked in the door tha
13、n the phone rang.Hardly_had I walked in the door when the phone rang.3She went to bed after her son had arrived home.She didnt go to bed until her son had arrived home.4Since Ann is no longer my wife, Im no longer responsible for her debts.Now_that Ann is no longer my wife, Im no longer responsible
14、for her debts.5My father didnt attend the meeting because he was ill.My father didnt attend the meeting because_of his illness.完成句子1Tom must have been ill in bed this morning, for_he_was_not_here (因为他不在这里)2Next_time_you_come_to_my_home (下次你来我家时), remember to bring your son.3Its true that we dont kno
15、w what weve got until_we_lose_it (直到我们失去它)4Now_that_you_have_made_mistakes (既然你犯了错误), you should be punished.5While_we_were_talking (当我们还在讲话时), the teacher came in.6It_is/has_been_five_years (已经有5年了) since I last met my aunt.7It_wont_be_long_before (不久之后) we have a holiday.8He didnt leave until_it_s
16、topped_raining (直到雨停).单句语法填空1It will not be long before you become an excellent reporter.2The head of the company promised to deal with the matter the moment he returned to his office.3While we were studying abroad, we learned much about foreign culture and customs.4The boy burst into tears immediat
17、ely (immediate) he saw his mother.5He looked at the plane taking off till/until it disappeared.6He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.7We havent seen each other since we graduated from the university.8Since/Now_that he has grown up, you should not tell him what he s
18、hould do.9It was because she caught a bad cold that she didnt go to school.10He must have experienced something unpleasant, for he looks so sad.完成句子1Whenever_I_see_someone_in_need,_I will spare no effort to help him.每当见到有人需要帮助，我就会尽力去帮助他。2They walked about 30 miles before_they_saw_a_village.他们走了30英里才
19、看见一个村庄。3Every/Each_time_I_pass_the_school,_I think of my first English teacher.每当我经过学校，我就想起我的第一任英语老师。4The_moment/As_soon_as/Immediately_the_children_heard_the_news,_they jumped with joy.孩子们一听到这个消息，就高兴地跳了起来。5I went on with my work until_I_finished_washing_all_the_clothes.我继续工作，直到把所有的衣服洗完。6Ever_since_
20、my_friend_Xiaohua_entered_high_school two years ago, his mother has been pushing him hard in his studies.自从我的朋友小华两年前进入高中，他的妈妈一直在学习上给他施加了很大的压力。7Because_my_spoken_English_is_fluent,_I think I am very suitable for this job.因为我的英语口语很流利，我认为我适合这项工作。8Now_that_youve_got_a_chance,_you might as well make full
21、 use of it.既然你有机会，就该充分利用。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。I used to travel by air a great deal 1._ I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used 2._ (fly) there from Europe in the holidays. An air hostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I
22、am used to 3._ (travel) by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt 4._ (frighten). After 5._ (take) off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. 6._ we were waiting to land, an air hostess told us to keep ca
23、lm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on 7._ was worried and we were curious to find out what 8._ (happen). Later we learned that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. 9._ we had landed,
24、 the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing 10._ (find) and five hours later we were able to take off again.1答案与解析：when考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处需用when引导的时间状语从句。2答案与解析：to fly考查非谓语动词。used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”。3答案与解析：travel(l)ing考查非谓语动词。be used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”。4答案与解析：frightened考查形容词。feel为系
25、动词，其后应跟形容词作表语，此处主语为I，所以填frightened “害怕的”。5答案与解析：taking考查非谓语动词。位于介词after之后，所以用动词ing形式作介词宾语。6答案与解析：While/When考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处需用while或when引导的时间状语从句。7答案与解析：board考查固定短语。on board“在飞机上”，为固定短语。8答案与解析：had happened考查动词的时态。主句时态为一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，所以是过去的过去，应用过去完成时。9答案与解析：After考查介词。由句意可知此处表示“在之后”，所以用after。10答案与
26、解析：was found考查动词的时态和语态。nothing与find之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；由全文的时态可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。课时作业(十四)Module 5Section Grammar.单词拼写1The competition is open to both amateur(业余的)and professional photographers.2Many politicians (政客)made promises，but they never came true.3An astronomer (天文学家)should have a lot of knowledge abo
27、ut space and geography.4It is said that China will send up another spaceship (宇宙飞船)which orbits the moon.5People can see things far away through a telescope (望远镜)6They were delighted (高兴)that the date of the conference had been fixed.7Chaplin is known as one of the greatest and funniest actors (演员)i
28、n the history of the cinema.8Edward retired，and George replaced (代替)him as captain of the team.9October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded (成立)10That famous author has produced (创作)a lot of works of art in the past few years.短语互译1get a big surprise大吃一惊 2at the start of
29、 在开始的时候 3now that 既然 4on_earth 究竟，到底5concentrate_on 集中于，专心于；聚精会神于.阅读理解Its a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim OConnell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but thats not where his patients are. OConnell is one of a handful of doctors making house calls
30、to the homeless in the city.OConnell was studying at Harvard Medical School when his teacher suggested he take what was supposed to be a oneyear position as the founding doctor of a new healthcare program for Bostons homeless. That turned into a 33year career (事业) at the Boston Health Care for the H
31、omeless Program (BHCHP), one of the countrys largest of its kind.“You realize, You know what, Im just a doctor. And what I can do is I can get to know you and ease your suffering，” OConnell said. “You could not find a more grateful (感恩的) population.”And his patients are grateful. “This man is unbeli
32、evable！” one said.OConnell treats the homeless for just about everything, from stitches (缝针) for an arm to surgery (手术) for the soul. If patients cant be treated on the street, he find them a treatment bed at the organizations medical room, a place for patients who are to sick to be on the streets b
33、ut not ill enough for a hospital stay.“Everything I had been taught to do in medical school go fast, be efficient (效率高的) was useless when you take care of homeless people，” OConnell told Harvard Magazine. “When you see somebody outside, you get them a cup of coffee and sit with them. Sometimes it to
34、ok six months or a year of offering a sandwich or coffee before someone would start to talk to you .But once they open their heart, theyll come to you anytime because they trust you.”When asked about how his life might have turned out had he become a highly paid hospital doctor, O Connell, said, “I
35、never think about it anymore.”Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask the man who gets everything from patients who have nothing material(物质的) to give.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。有一位特殊的医生，他的查房地点不在医院，而在街头巷尾。1For what reason did OConnell start treating the homeless?AHe felt sorry for them.BHis teacher adv
36、ised him to do that.CHe had to do that for a school project.DA healthcare program invited him to join in.答案与解析：B细节理解题。由第二段中的“his teacher suggested he take. for Bostons homeless”可知，OConnell的大学老师建议他参加一个为波士顿无家可归的人提供医疗服务的项目。2What will OConnell do if patients cant be treated on the street?ATake them to B
37、HCHP.BTake them to a hospital.CTake them to his own house.DTake them to his exam room.答案与解析：A细节理解题。由第五段中的“If patients cant be treated on the street. organizations medical room”可知，如果病人无法在街头接受治疗，OConnell会在组织(BHCHP)的医疗室为他们提供一张床。3What does OConnell consider important when dealing with homeless people?AH
38、ome and food.BCare and patience.CKnowledge and skill.DSpeed and efficiency.答案与解析：B推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的“When you see somebody outside. theyll come to you anytime”可知，OConnell认为在对待无家可归的人时，要提供关怀，并要有耐心，这样才能获得他们的信任。4What is the text mainly about?AWays to treat homeless people.BProblems facing homeless people.CA
39、 doctor who serves the homeless.DAn unusual job for modern doctors.答案与解析：C主旨大意题。本文的主人公是一个特殊的医生，几十年间，他用自己的爱心和医术服务了无数无家可归的人，为他们提供医疗帮助。.完形填空Not long before, my daughters shoes were scratched (划破) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemakers.The young apprentice (学徒) glanced at the
40、_1_ and said, “I can do nothing except _2_ the upper.”His master looked at them and said, “If you _3_ me, I will add more scratches on both the shoes.”I was _4_ and asked why.He explained, “As if the openings were made _5_ for a special style.”I didnt fully understand him, _6_ I decided to leave the
41、 shoes.Two days later I dropped by from work to _7_ the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe; all the openings were patched (缝补) by soft red leather; the stitches (针脚) were twisted with the appearance looking more _8_ and interesting than ever. I couldnt help praising the masters _9_.Another t
42、ime, my sisters blouse was torn, leaving a large opening. My wife checked it _10_， and then said, “Let me take it home and _11_ it.”Three days later, seeing it again, I was greatly _12_： all the torn parts took on a look of crystal (水晶); attached to it was a snowman made of flowery rags. I sighed wi
43、th _13_， “Its amazing！”“I was _14_ by that shoemaker. Patches are supposed to be _15_， but a skillful craftsman (工匠) can make it take on a kind of _16_，” replied my wife.Her words inspired me more: perfection is impossible to achieve in _17_； patches appear in the _18_ of injury, disability or disea
44、se. Since you cant change the existence of the wound, you should not _19_ peoples sympathy by disclosing the wound, which is meaningless. Just sew a patch on the _20_ and produce a most beautiful flower on it, and that is the significance of life.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过老鞋匠把作者的女儿被划破的鞋子修补成一双款式新颖的鞋和作者的妻子
45、受此启发修补衬衫的故事，告诉了我们一个道理：只要动脑筋，缺点可以转变成优点，这才是人生的意义。1A.scar BopeningChole Dmark答案与解析：B考查名词辨析。根据第五空前面的“the openings”可知，此处表示年轻的学徒看了看鞋的“开口处”。并且文中也多次出现了openings一词。故此题选B。scar伤疤；hole洞；mark标记。2A.replace BremoveCthrow Dtear答案与解析：A考查动词辨析。此处表示年轻的学徒对被刀子划破的鞋子无能为力，只能替换鞋面。replace替换，代替；remove移开；throw扔；tear撕破。后三项都不符合语境。
46、故选A。3A.tell BshowCagree Dtrust答案与解析：D考查动词辨析。上文提到学徒只能更换被划破的鞋面，除此之外，无计可施。再根据师傅所说的话可知他另有妙招，但是前提条件是获得作者的“信任”。假如选择C项，需要在后面加上with。故选D。4A.delighted BconfusedCexcited Dastonished答案与解析：B考查形容词辨析。作者的目的是修鞋，而修鞋师傅竟然打算在鞋上增加更多的划痕，作者自然感到“迷惑不解”，并询问其中原因，要求他做出解释。delighted高兴的；confused迷惑的；excited兴奋的；astonished吃惊的。故选B。5A.
47、on purpose Bby chanceCin particular Din turn答案与解析：A考查介词短语辨析。此处表示这些开口像是为了某种特殊的风格而“故意”做的造型。on purpose故意；by chance偶然；in particular尤其，特别，in turn相应地，轮流。后三项都不符合语境。故选A。6A.so BandCas Dbut答案与解析：D考查连词辨析。此处表示作者虽然没有完全明白他的意思，但还是决定把这双鞋留在这儿。此处含有转折之意。故选D。7A.bring BcollectCsee Dreturn答案与解析：B考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，作者把鞋交给了修鞋师傅
48、，所以两天后应该是去取鞋。故选B。8A.successful BskillfulCattractive Dpositive答案与解析：C考查形容词辨析。根据后面的单词interesting可知，弯弯曲曲的针脚使缝补的地方看起来更加“吸引人”。此处应选同类词attractive吸引人的。successful成功的；skillful熟练的；positive积极的。9A.skill BdrillCperformance Dstrength答案与解析：A考查名词辨析。根据前面的praising一词可知，此处表示作者情不自禁地赞美修鞋师傅的“技术”。此外，倒数第二段中的skillful也是提示。skil
49、l技术；drill训练；performance表演；strength力量。故选A。10A.anxiously BsuddenlyCcarefully Ddelightedly答案与解析：C考查副词辨析。根据上文可知，这次是衬衫被撕破，留下一个大口子，妻子“仔细地”检查过之后做出决定，要拿回家补一补。故选C。11A.wash BironCsave Dmend答案与解析：D考查动词辨析。参见上题解析。12A.puzzled BdisappointedCsurprised Dtouched答案与解析：C考查形容词辨析。根据本段最后一句“Its amazing”可知作者感到非常“惊奇”。故选C。13A
50、.anger BregretCpraise Dcare答案与解析：C考查名词辨析。作者想不到一件被撕破的衬衫在妻子的巧妙设计下竟然变成了工艺品，自然由衷地“赞叹”。空后的“Its amazing”也是提示。故选C。14A.encouraged BinspiredCmoved Dattracted答案与解析：B考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，作者的妻子是在修鞋师傅的启发下才对那件被撕破的衬衫进行了巧妙的修补。此外，下一段开头处的inspired也是提示。encourage鼓励；inspire鼓舞，赋予灵感；move感动；attract吸引。故选B。15A.common BbeautifulCugly
51、 Drare答案与解析：C考查形容词辨析。根据生活常识可知“补丁”一般被认为是非常“难看的”。故选C。16A.difference BperfectionCnewness Dchange答案与解析：B考查名词辨析。根据下文的“perfection is impossible to achieve”可知，此处表示能工巧匠却可以让补丁变得十分“完美”。故选B。17A.future BmindClife Dplace答案与解析：C考查名词辨析。根据后一句可知，此处是作者根据上文的叙述而引发的感慨：人生不可能达到完美。故选C。18A.form BnameCshape Dneed答案与解析：A考查名词辨
52、析。此处表示人生中的补丁是以伤残和疾病的形式出现的。in the form of表示“以的形式”，此处运用的是比喻修辞手法。in the name of表示“以的名义”，in the shape of表示“以的形状”，都不符合语境。故选A。19A.treat BacceptCignore Dexpect答案与解析：D考查动词辨析。此处表示既然你改变不了伤口的存在，你就不应该揭开伤口来期望得到人们的同情，这是毫无意义的。而缝补伤口，把缺陷变成完美，这样的人生才有意义。故选D。20A.wound BpainCinjury Ddisability答案与解析：A考查名词辨析。此处表示在“伤口”上打个补
53、丁并点缀上美丽的花朵，这就是人生的意义。故选A。.语法填空It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast 1._(sleep), so I got a ladder from the shed (棚) in the garden, put it 2._ the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was
54、almost there when a sarcastic (讽刺的) voice below said, “I dont think the windows need 3._ (clean) at this time of the night.” I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately 4._ (regret) answering in the way I did, but I said, “I enjoy cleaning 5._ (window) at night
55、.”“So 6._ I，” answered the policeman in the same tone. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, 7._ would you mind coming with me to 8._ police station？”“Well, Id prefer to stay here，” I said. “You see, Ive forgotten my key.”“Your what？” he called.“My key，” I sho
56、uted.9_ (fortunate), the shouting woke up my wife 10._ opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己一次深夜回家，由于忘记带钥匙而打算翻窗户进家，最后被警察发现的经历。1答案与解析：asleep考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示她睡熟了。 fast asleep为常见搭配，意为“熟睡的，酣睡的”。故填asleep。2答案与解析：against考查介词。此处表示作者从花园的棚里拿出一架梯子，把它
57、靠在墙上。故用against。3答案与解析：cleaning/to be cleaned考查非谓语动词。windows与clean之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故need后用动名词或不定式的被动式作宾语。4答案与解析：regretted考查动词的时态。此处表示作者立刻后悔他回答的方式。本文所叙述的事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，故用regretted。5答案与解析：windows考查名词。由上文“I dont think the windows need”可知，此处表示不止一扇窗户，故用windows。6答案与解析：do考查助动词。此处为“so助动词主语”结构，表示“也一样”，且由上文中的“enjoy”可知，此处要用一般现在时，故用do。7答案与解析：but考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后句为转折关系，故用but。8答案与解析：the考查冠词。此处“the police station”指说话双方都知道的地方。故填定冠词the。9答案与解析：Fortunately考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作状语，应用副词，且根据语境可知，应填Fortunately。10答案与解析：who/that考查定语从句。空处在此引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故填who/that。
