1、必修|Unit 8Adventure(一)阅读词汇明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1raft n木排，木筏2wild adj. 野生的；狂热的3horizon n. 地平线4bungee jumping n. 蹦极 5staff n. 员工，全体工作人员6altitude n. 高度，海拔7sledge n. 雪车，雪橇8philosophy n. 哲学第二组：写其形1adventure_ n. 奇遇，冒险的经历2major adj. 较重要的；较严重的3limit n. 边界；限度4extra_adj. 特别的；额外的5ambition n. 志向，抱负6exactly adv. 确切地，精确地
2、7risk vt. 冒的危险 8excitement n. 兴奋，激动9statement_ n. 陈述10quantity n. 量，数量11sadness n. 悲哀，忧伤12function vi. 运转；发挥作用13nationality n. 国籍14aim_n. 目标；目的15transport_ n. 运输，运送16disadvantage n. 不利，不利条件 17cheerful adj. 愉快的，高兴的18survival n. 幸存，残存19shelter n. 遮蔽，庇护所20observe vt. 观察，观测(二)表达词汇晓其变、通其用1uncomfortable a
3、dj.不舒服的，不自在的comfortable adj.舒服的comfort n& vt.安慰2accommodation n住所，住处accommodate vt.容纳3differ vi.不同于，有区别difference n不同之处different adj.不同的4similarity n相似性；类似性similar adj.同样的；类似的similarly adv.同样地；类似地5various adj.不同的，各种各样的variety n品种；种类；变化vary vi.变化6equipment n配备，设备equip vt.装备，配置7preference n较喜欢的东西，偏爱pr
4、efer v喜爱8amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)amazed adj.惊愕的，吃惊的amazing adj.令人惊异的amazement n吃惊，惊愕9confuse vt.使困惑confused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人困惑的confusion n混乱；困惑10wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的wealth n财富；富有11preparation n准备，预备prepare vt.准备；预备12patience n耐心；忍耐力patient adj.耐心的n.病人patiently adv.耐心地(三)常用短语多积累、准运用1right_now 就在此刻2in_o
5、rder_to_do_something 目的是，以便3upside_down 颠倒地，倒置地4turn_up 出现，到场；调高声音5back_out 决定不履行(允诺的事)6get_across 使理解(某事)7in_turn 轮流8break_out (坏事)突然发生，爆发9put_._into_prison 把关进监狱10stand_by 坚持(某种说法)；袖手旁观11on_ones_way 在途中12break_down 损坏，不能运转；失败13run_out_of 用完，耗尽14carry_on 继续做某事15take_off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱掉；开始成功(四)经典句式明特点、会仿
6、用1特殊疑问词do you think陈述语序？悟原句Why do you think people would want to go on this trip？背佳句(2020全国卷满分作文)What do you think we should do with this short play？2.too .to .“太而不能”悟原句Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.背佳句(20
7、20全国卷满分作文)One day, I was too exhausted and confused to concentrate on what he taught.3.全部倒装句悟原句Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.背佳句(2019全国卷满分作文)Here are some relevant details about this music concert.4.have difficulty (in) doing sth.“在做某事方面有困难”悟原句The next to go was Captain Oates, who
8、 was having great difficulty walking.背佳句(2018浙江高考满分作文)Firstly, I can speak fluent English and I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.1.“way”的相关短语知多少on ones way在途中all the way 一直，完全by the way 顺便地make ones way 去，前往in the way 挡道；碍事2.“动词out”短语汇总break out爆发carry out 实施；执行check out 结账后离开dro
9、p out 退出leave out 忽略；遗漏3.turn短语面面观turn up出现；到场turn out 结果是turn to 求助于turn down 关小；拒绝turn on/off 打开/关闭4.“看”遍天下observe观察notice 注意到，留心watch 观看，关注stare (at) 凝视，盯着看glance (at) 匆匆看一眼 .用所给词的适当形式填空1He prefers to surf the Internet rather than do anything else because playing computer is his preference.(prefe
10、r)2He is often observed to_go (go) shopping with his classmates.3Similarly,_we can see this report is similar to that one.The similarity between them suggests that one person wrote both.(similar)4Every family is busy preparing for the Spring Festival, for there are lots of preparations to do.(prepar
11、e)5He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)6Hes a good doctor.He always has patience with his patients and talks with them patiently.(patient)7From the appearance, we can not tell the differences between the twins, though they always
12、have some different ideas.And as for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people.(differ)8Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)9There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The
13、 variety attracts many customers.(various)10They will start their project, aiming at helping (help) the poor children to be educated in the west of China.11By criticizing her boss, she risked losing (lose) her position.介、副词填空1The town has been all painted up in preparation for the event.2Lucy spoke
14、slowly, but she couldnt get her meaning across to the girl.3As a matter of fact, there is a limit to what one person can tolerate.4When the sports hero turned up at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.5She got a cold as soon as she took off her coat when she got home from work.6I hate it when
15、she calls me at work Im always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.7He stood by his promises and returned the book to me on time.8Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.选词填空 1run out of/run outThey are running_out_of oil and the plane has to la
16、nd on the field.Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running_out.2break out/break downDo you know when the Second World War_broke_out?It seemed strange that the bus we took should break_down on the way.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 限度2I majored in English
17、 last year but now I major in French. 主修3We gathered here today to observe the foundation of our company. _庆祝Failure to observe all parking rules could result in being driven out of the park without refund.遵守.完成句子1He trained hard with_the_aim_of_passing_the_driving_test.(with the aim of)为了通过驾照考试，他努力
18、训练。2He found it difficult to_get_his_American_jokes_across_to English audience.(get across)他发现很难让英国观众听懂美国式笑话。3He taught us that it_was_never_too_late_to_start something new. (too .to)他教会了我们：尝试新事物永远都不会太晚。4When_the_delayed_flight_will_take_off depends much on the weather.(take off)被延误的航班何时起飞主要取决于天气状况。
19、 5Go and ask the teacher for advice if you have_difficulty_with_your_English.(have difficulty with)假如你的英语有困难就去请教老师。6Down jumped_the_naughty_boy.(完全倒装)那个调皮的男孩跳了下来。 7Their time was_too_limited for them to_make_full_preparations_for the competition.他们的时间太有限了不能为比赛做充分的准备。8Then_came_the_news that his son
20、was_observed_to_knock_down an old man and taken away by the police.消息传来，他的儿子被看到撞倒了一位老人后被警察带走了。9Although we differ_in_color,_we can make_a_difference_to the control and prevention of the epidemic.尽管我们肤色不同，我们都可以对疫情的防控工作产生影响。10The project is_aimed_at helping those businessmen who have_a_preference_for
21、china.这个项目旨在帮助偏爱瓷器的商人。1differ vi.不同于，有区别(1)differ from . in . 在方面与不同differ with sb. 与某人意见不同(2)different adj. 不同的，有差异的be different from . 不同于(3)difference n. 差异，差别make a/no difference 有/无影响tell the difference between A and B指出A与B的不同演绎法练通单句语法填空I knew it was the difference (different) between life and
22、death.I differ with him on that point where the bridge will be built, though he may be right.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.完成句子This book differs_from_that_one_in the writing style.这本书和那本书的写作风格不同。Only when we match our words with actions can we make
23、_a_difference_in whatever we hope to accomplish.我们只有言行一致才能对期望实现的事情有所帮助。2risk vt.冒的危险n.冒险；危险；风险(1)risk (doing) sth. 冒险(做)某事(2)at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着(做)某事的风险take/run the risk of (doing) sth.冒的危险；冒险做某事take/run a risk/risks 冒险at risk 处境危险；遭受危险at all risks/at any risk 无论冒什么风险，无论如何演绎法练通单句语法填空/句型转换
24、I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.He was determined to do it even at the risk of being_laughed (laugh) at.He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.The passerby saved the boys life at the risk of losing his own life.The passerby riske
25、d_his_own_life_saving the boys life.3confuse vt.使困惑；使迷惑；混淆单句语法填空I always confuse you with your sister you look so alike.I get confused (confuse) by his offering me the two suggestions.He stopped in confusion (confuse) as everyone turned to look at him.His writing is so confusing (confuse) that its d
26、ifficult to make out what he is trying to express.归纳法记牢(1)confuse A with/and B将A和B混淆(2)confused adj. 困惑的，糊涂的；不清楚的be/get confused 被弄糊涂confusing adj. 令人迷惑的(3)confusion n. 混乱；困惑in confusion 困惑地，困窘地；乱七八糟，处于混乱状态 4aim n目标，目的；瞄准 vi.& vt.瞄准；对准；针对；旨在；(向某方向)努力辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中aim的含义This antismoking campaign is m
27、ainly aimed at teenagers. 针对Before the hunter could take aim, the deer jumped out of sight. 瞄准Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 目标Theyre aiming at training everybody by the end of the year.(朝某方向)努力理明白aim的相关用法归纳 (1)take aim at 向瞄准with the aim of 以为目标；旨在(2)aim sth.at sb./sth. 用某物朝向/
28、瞄准某人或某物aim at doing sth./aim to do sth. 意欲/企图/旨在做某事be aimed at 目的是；旨在(3)aimless adj. 漫无目的的 aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地针对训练 单句语法填空Im aiming to_lose (lose) 4 kilograms before the summer holidays.There was a time when he had nothing to do, wandering aimlessly_(aim) in the street all the day.介词填空The visit was
29、aimed at expanding relations between the two countries.She visited the school with the aim_of_learning more advanced teaching experience.Slowly he raised his bow and began to take aim at the bird.5preparation n准备，预备为(做)某事做准备 (be) in preparation 在准备中(2)prepare vt. 预备；筹备；调制；为做准备 vi. 准备；预备；做准备prepare t
30、o do sth. 准备做某事prepare (sb.) for sth. (使某人)为某事做准备(3)prepared adj. 有准备的，事先准备好的愿意做某事；为(做)某事做好准备演绎法练通单句语法填空The children had been prepared to_show (show) me their latest projects.The best preparation (prepare) for tomorrow is doing your best today.Well do everything in our power to help you, but you mus
31、t get prepared (prepare) to meet all kinds of difficulties.完成句子It is necessary for the young to make_preparations_for_their_future.年轻人有必要为他们的未来做些准备。The team have been training hard in_preparation_for the big game.为备战这次大型比赛，队员们一直在严格训练。6observe vt.观察，观测；遵守；庆祝辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中observe的含义It is a custom to o
32、bserve Christmas in the West.庆祝So far the traffic rules have been observed by everyone in our city.遵守Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.观察理明白observe的相关用法归纳(1)observe sb.do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事observe sth.done 看到某事被做observe a rule 遵守规则observe the law 遵守法律(2)ob
33、server n. 观察者observation n. 观察；观察力；观测under observation 在观察中，在监视中 针对训练 单句语法填空/同义句转换He observed a stranger hanging (hang) around the store.According to observers (observe), the plane exploded shortly after takeoff.The police decided to put him under observation (observe) because he looked dangerous.Th
34、e police observed the man enter the bank.The man was_observed_to_enter the bank by the police.名师指津observe作“观察；注意”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v.ing形式作宾语补足语；但如果用于被动语态，省去的动词不定式符号to要还原，如句。7limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；边界；限度(1)limit . to .把限定在范围内(2)set a limit to/on . 对规定限度within the limits of . 在范围内within limits 在一定范围内；有限度地w
35、ithout limit 无限地(3)limited adj. 有限的be limited to sth. 受限制于某物演绎法练通单句语法填空The length of the article should be limited_to_400 words or so.There is_a_limit to ones life, but no limit to serving (serve) the people.He was born in a poor family, and only received limited (limit) education in his childhood.完
36、成句子Our life has a limit, but knowledge is without_limit.生命有限，知识无涯。We must set_a_limit_to the expense of the trip.我们必须为此次旅游费用定一个限额。1take off起飞；脱下(衣服)；开始成功；休假；匆匆离去辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中take off的含义When he saw me coming, he took off in the opposite direction.匆匆离去_Three planes were standing on the runway, waitin
37、g to take off. 起飞Congratulations, Paulo! Now maybe you can take a few days off.休假After his third film, his career of film performance took off.开始成功I wish youd take off that hat when you are in the classroom.摘掉理明白take的相关短语归纳take over接任，接管，接收；取得主导地位take in 吸收，理解；受骗；接待take up 拿起；占据；对有兴趣；开始从事take on 呈现；
38、雇用；承担针对训练 选用take的短语填空Hurry up.The plane will take_off in about half an hour.Im sorry Ive already taken_up so much of your valuable time.George is taking_over the running of our American operation.Our factory will take_on twenty more workers next month to increase output.Before you translate a senten
39、ce, you should first take_in the meaning of the words.2get across使理解(某事)；(使)被接受；横过(马路、河等)单句语法填空We must get across to the public the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.Im going to get down to studying (study) English this term.If everyone keeps in line, well get through the customs quickly.Im not l
40、etting him get away with that excuse.Its too dangerous here, lets get away from the place as soon as we can.归纳法记牢get across to (sb.)/get sth.across to (sb.)被传达/理解；把讲清楚get away from 逃离；远离；避开get down to (doing) 开始认真处理/对待，开始(做)get through 穿过；完成；接通电话；用完；通过get away with 做(坏事)而未受到惩罚；偷携某物潜逃；受到从轻发落(轻微惩罚) 3b
41、reak down损坏，不能运转；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；分解辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中break down的含义Sugar and starch (淀粉) are broken down in the stomach.分解His health broke down under the pressure of work.(身体)垮掉The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire. 拆毁，拆除Its reported that peace talks
42、 have broken down between the two countries. (谈判)失败Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 损坏，不能运转理明白break的相关短语归纳break into 破门而入，强行闯入(后接宾语)；突然开始(哭、唱等)break in 闯入；插话，打断break away from 突然挣脱，摆脱break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发break up 结束；粉碎，破碎；解散break through 取得突破；克服针对训练选用上述短语填空M
43、artins father worked hard to break_down the barriers between the races.Jim couldnt understand his parents and broke_away_from his family.We had to break_into the house as we lost the key.Should another world war break_out,_what would become of human beings?Scientists think they are beginning to brea
44、k_through in the fight against cancer.4too . to .“太而不能”Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们很爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的关于中国的故事太离奇而不可信。(1)“too . to .”结构中，当too后接glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing, ready, easy等
45、表示心情、情绪的形容词时，表示肯定意义，too相当于very。(2)“too . to”结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时，强调肯定，译作“非常；十分；实在；真是太”等。(3)“too . to .”结构可以与“not enough . to .”或“so . that .”结构相互转换。(4)“cant . too .”表示“无论怎样也不过分”。针对训练完成句子/一句多译Im too_happy_to_be_invited_to your birthday party.我非常高兴能被邀请参加你的生日聚会。You cant_be_too_careful_to_d
46、rive.After all, life is valuable.你开车时怎么小心也不为过。毕竟生命是宝贵的。They are all too_satisfied_to_go and do this work.他们都很乐意地去做这项工作。很显然，这棵树太小了，经受不住暴风雨。Its clear that the tree is too_young_to_stand the storm.Its clear that the tree is not_old_enough_to_stand the storm.Its clear that the tree is so_young_that_it_c
47、ant_stand the storm.5have difficulty (in) doing sth.“在做某事方面有困难或麻烦”The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having_great_difficulty_walking.下一个离开的是奥茨上尉，他走起路来非常吃力。(1)have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“在做某事方面有困难或麻烦”，difficulty前有时可用some, much, great, little, no等词来修饰。(2)其他相关句式：have trouble/bother/problem
48、s/a hard time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have difficulty/trouble/problems with sth. 在某事上有困难针对训练单句语法填空(2020 天津高考)If you have difficulties reading (read), ask about special reading opportunities.Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.We cant imagine what great diffi
49、culty they have solving (solve) the problems in the plan.一、在考题集训中查验单元语基(一)高考中的语法填空 1(2020新高考全国卷)However, the majority (major)of people are effective speakers because they train to be.2(2020全国卷)Its hard to tell exactly (exact) how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers ha
50、ve been rising for some time.3(2019北京高考)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (vary) activities on Earth Day.4(2019江苏高考)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment (equip) and internet facilities.(二)高考中的阅
51、读理解熟词生义(2020江苏高考)Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles.把带走(2019北京高考)Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.加速词类活用(2019浙江高考)Too much praise can backfire and, when given i
52、n a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.n.冒险(三)高考中的完形填空1(2020新高考全国卷)The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek _28_ during the daytime.AdirectionsBpartnersC
53、help Dshelter解析：选D根据常识可知，树木在炽热的阳光下可以为动物提供遮蔽。shelter“遮蔽，庇护，避难所”。2(2019全国卷)I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland _57_： gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an arcticlike zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.A
54、village BdesertCroad Dlake解析：选B根据空后的“gravel (砾石), stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高原荒漠。village“村庄”；desert“沙漠，荒漠”；road“道路”；lake“湖泊”。(四)高考中的写作1(2020全国卷书面表达)Regardless_of_the_risk_of_getting_infected,_Uncle_Li_is_responsible_and_devoted_to_his_job.(risk)不管感染的风险有多大，李叔叔对自己的工作充满责任心和奉献精神。2(2019全国卷书面表达)Besid
55、es,_students_in_our_school_are_planning_a_music_concert,_consisting_of_various_music_and_some_fabulous_dancing_shows. (various)另外，我们学校的学生正在计划一场音乐会，包括各种各样的音乐和一些绝妙的舞蹈。3(2019北京高考书面表达)After_arriving_there,_we_were_all_amazed_by_what_we_saw_the_enormous_green_watermelon_fields. (amaze)到达那里后，我们都为我们所看到的感到吃
56、惊一片绿油油的广阔西瓜地。二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇comfortable historical crowded exploration tourism souvenir adventure description packtourist scenery destination voyage insurance passport fantastic guidejourney reserve outing attractive anxious have a taste for in high spiritsselfdriving travel places of interest be fam
57、ous for check in look forward to book a room 练中巩固.单句语法填空1I have long been interested in space exploration (explore) and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.2This place is so beautiful that many tourists (tour) are attracted here every year.3To tell you the truth, Id like to see th
58、e historical (history) sights of London.4My husband loves adventurous (adventure) life while I enjoy a more peaceful life.5Ive almost finished packing (pack) and hopefully the trip will go smoothly.完成句子1It appears to me that he has_a_taste_for_adventure.我觉得他爱好冒险。2Every time I take the kids to have a
59、 picnic, they are all in_high_spirits.每次我带孩子们去野餐，他们都是兴高采烈的。3Some people like to choose group tour, while others prefer_selfdriving_travel.有些人喜欢选择团体游，而其他人则喜欢自驾游。4On the way we visited many places_of_interest and took a lot of photos.一路上我们参观了许多名胜古迹，拍了大量的照片。5Mount Huashan is_famous_for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics.华山以其险峻的悬崖和独一无二的特征而闻名。
