1、Section_Grammar 情态动词()语法图解探究发现Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who mightreturn either to help or to do harm.Most ancient festival would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autum
2、n.For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.我的发现以上四个句子都使用了情态动词。其中，第句中的can表示许可，意为“可以”；第句中的might表示推测，意为“可能会”；第句中的would表示过去习惯性动作，意为“过去常会”；第句中的should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”。一、基本特征1情态动词有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。She can speak English though
3、 she is six.尽管她才6岁她会说英语。 2情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。They must be in the classroom.他们一定在教室里。3构成否定句时，not放在其后面。The young man cant carry the big stone.这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。4情态动词后接动词原形。Youwill do as I told you.你得照我说的去做。即时演练1补全句子He said I could_use_the_computer.他说我可以用这台电脑。We should_study_hard for our m
4、otherland and ourselves.为了我们的祖国和我们自己，我们应该努力学习。二、基本用法1can与could的用法(1)表示能力：can用来表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。I can play basketball now, but I couldnt when I was young.现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。(2)表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。Can/Could you lend me a hand?你能帮我一下吗？(3)表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。Can he be in the reading ro
5、om now?No，he cant be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now.他现在可能在阅览室吗？不，他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。Jogging can be harmful to the health.慢跑可能对身体健康有害。辨析比较can, be able to表示“能力”时的区别can用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力be able to用于各种时态，表示经过努力后所具有的能力Babies can swim when they were born.婴儿们刚生
6、下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)Without his hard work，he was not able to get good grades.如果没有他的努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力)即时演练2(1)选出下列句中can/could的含义I believe that he cant be so rude._B_Ican speak English fluently while he cant._A_Scotlandcanbe very warm in September._D_Could you please clean this room? Yes, I can._C_(2
7、)选词填空：can, be able toHe can give you some advice on how to learn English.They will_be_able_to tell you the news soon.At last, they were_able_to escape from the fire.2may与might的用法(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)对方做某事。May I come in? Yes, you may/can.我可以进来吗？ 是的，你可以进来。(No, you cant.不行，你不能进来。)You may go now.你现在可
8、以走了。(2)表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。He may come, or he maynot. 他可能来，也可能不来。It may/might rain this afternoon. Youd better take a raincoat with you.今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。(3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!祝你成功！May you have a good journey!祝你旅途愉快！即时演练3写出下列句中may的用法May you be happy！表示祝愿I think he mayc
9、ome today.表示推测Youmay keep the book for 2 weeks.表示许可3will与would的用法(1)表示意志或意愿，意为“会；想；要”等。多表示从主语的主观意志出发，愿意做某事。We will do our best to save the child. 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。I have asked her, but she wont help us.我已经问过她了，但她不会帮助我们的。(2)表示请求或建议，多用于疑问句。would语气更委婉。Wouldyou please open/Would you mind opening the window f
10、or me?请你为我打开窗户好吗？Would you pass me the bottle? 请你递给我那个瓶子好吗？(3)表示习惯性动作或客观真理，意为“总是；老是”。will表示现在，would 表示过去。She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. 她独自在房间里听音乐，往往一听就是几小时。Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水面上。On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess.以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋。辨析比较would, used towoul
11、d表示过去反复发生的动作，不强调现在还是否经常发生used to表示过去常常做某事，但现在不这样做了Hewouldgo to the park as soon as he was free. 过去，他一有空就去公园。(动作反复发生，现在还有可能再去)I used to go to work by bike, but now I go to work by car.我过去常常骑车上班，但是现在我开车上班。即时演练4补全句子My parents wont_allow_me_to_stay out late. 我的父母不会允许我在外待得很晚。He would_get_up_early when he
12、 lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是起的很早。People used_to_believe that the earth was flat. 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。Some vegetables will_get_burnt in such hot weather.有些蔬菜在炎热的天气下会烤焦。4shall与should的用法(1)shall用于疑问句中多表示征求建议，主要用于第一、三人称。When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么时候能出院？(2)用于肯定句中多表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性
13、等，主要用于第二、三人称。Persons under 18 shall not be employed in night work.不满十八岁的人不得雇佣干夜间工作。(3)should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该；要”。We should help others when they are in trouble.当别人有困难时，我们应该帮助他们。(4)should表示义务或责任，意为“应该；理应”。We should learn from each other. 我们应该互相学习。(5)should表示推测，意为“应该；可能”。If the train is on time, she shoul
14、d arrive in Beijing by seven oclock.如果火车准点的话，她应该在7点钟到达北京。(6)should表示惊讶或意外，意为“竟然”。Its strange that he should come so late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。即时演练5补全句子You shall_have that book tomorrow.你明天可以拿到那本书。If you cant come, I shall_not_tell you the news.如果你不来，我就不告诉你这个消息了。Children should_be_told the truth.孩子们应该被告知真相。5
15、must的用法(1)must表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。All the students must obey the school rules.所有学生必须遵守校规。(2)表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。 Betty must be in the next room.I can hear her talking there.贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。(3)表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。Why must he go out in the bad weather?为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门？Must you make so much noise
16、when I have a rest? 你就非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？(4)must not表示禁止，意思是“不许”、“不准”、“不可以”等。Youmustnt stop your car in the busy street.你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。(5)回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must; 否定回答多用neednt或dont have to。Must I finish my homework before eight oclock?Yes, youmust. (No, you neednt.或you dont have to.)我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？是的，必须。(不
17、，没必要。)即时演练6写出下列句中must的含义You must practice your spoken English if you want to improve. 表示“必须”Why must you always interrupt me. 表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”She must be tired after such a long walk.表示“一定；准是”.用适当的情态动词填空1I may come to the party with you, but I am not sure.2When he was young, he would climb the small hil
18、l every morning.3It is strange that such a gentleman should be so rude to a lady.4Tom comes from Australia; he can speak English very well.5I heard you bought a new book. May I have a look?6If you can pass the driving test, you shall get a new car.7Dont worry. I _shall support you forever.8You can t
19、ry telephoning Mr. Smith; he should/may be home now.9He must break a leg just before we go on holiday. 10We will never talk about that subject again.单句写作1(2016全国卷书面表达)I hope the changes will_not_cause_you_too_much_trouble (不会给你造成太多麻烦)2(2015北京高考写作一)I will be more than happy if you can_go_together_wit
20、h_me (能和我一块去)3(2015浙江高考书面表达)We may_have_different_opinions (可能有不同的观点) in organizing class activities.4(2014江西高考书面表达)In addition, we should_learn_how_to_get_along_well_with_others (应当学会如何和别人好好相处)5(2015四川高考书面表达)Besides, you must_take_notice_of_the_handwriting_(必须注意书写). 6(2015四川高考书面表达)And you also shou
21、ld_keep_it_in_mind_ (应当记住) that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.7(2014山东高考满分作文)In fact, it means that if you are really resolved to do something, no_matter_how_difficult_it_might_be (不管可能多么困难), never give up.8(2015四川高考满分作文)You mentioned that you_co
22、uld_teach_English_as_a_reward (作为回报你能教我英语), which is exactly what I want. .用适当的情态动词完成下面语段Miss Fang 1.couldnt (not) read for very long with her eyes hurt. Her mother told her that she 2.should go to hospital and see a doctor.“You 3.should see a doctor as soon as possible，” her mother said.“You 4.may/
23、might have poor eyesight.”When Miss Fang had free time, she went to hospital. The clerk said that the doctor 5.could see her at 3：30.Miss Fang replied that she 6.would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7.may/might see you at about ten to four，” the clerk sugges
24、ted. “8.Shall I arrange the examination at about ten to four, or 9.would you rather come tomorrow？”Miss Fang thought she 10.shouldnt (not) waste any more time. The teacher 11.shouldnt be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little earlier, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied，“I think I 12.can make it at about ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher，“13.May/Can/Could I leave at 3：45 today? My eyes hurt and I 14.must have an eye examination.” As expected, the teacher said，“Yes, of course you 15.can/may.”
