1、Section Grammar过去分词作定语和一般过去时的时间状语一、过去分词作定语 过去分词有两个显著的特点，即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是，如果是不及物动词的过去分词形式，则只表示时间上的过去，而没有被动意义。1过去分词作定语的位置(1)单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需要置于被修饰词之后。如：a retired worker 一位退休的工人the given question 给定的问题qualified teachers 合格的教师everybody invited 所有被邀请的人注意：leave
2、 的过去分词 left 表示“剩余的，剩下”的意思时，置于被修饰词之后。如：I have only one coin left.我只剩下一个硬币了。(2)过去分词短语作定语要后置，放在被修饰词之后。如：the languages spoken in Germany 在德国使用的语言the book written in simple English 用浅显的英语写成的书2过去分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句，但它比定语从句更简短。过去分词短语作后置定语时，如果和中心词之间有逗号，则其可以转换成非限制性定语从句；若无逗号，则其可以转换成限制性定语从句。I want to take away the
3、 book shown to me yesterday.I want to take away the book which was shown to me yesterday.我想带走(你)昨天给我看的那本书。The Olympic Games first held in 776 BC did not include women competitors until 1912.The Olympic Games which were first held in 776 BC did not include women competitors until 1912.于公元前 776 年首次举办的
4、奥运会直到 1912 年才允许女运动员参赛。3表示情感的动词的过去分词有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed(失望的)，moved(感动的)，interested(感兴趣的)，surprised(感到惊讶的)，shocked(震惊的，震撼的)，puzzled(迷惑不解的)，frightened(受惊吓的)等。如：a frightened girl 一个受惊吓的女孩。4不及物动词的过去分词些不及物动词也有过去分词形式，由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语，所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。如：newly-a
5、rrived passengers 刚到的旅客fallen leaves 落叶5过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成复合形容词作定语The newly-built hotel was burnt in the fire.新建的宾馆在火灾中被烧掉。考情分析1过去分词作定语在高考题中频频出现，主要从过去分词与现在分词、不定式作定语的区别的角度来设题。2一般过去时是英语中最基本的时态之一，常用于描述过去发生过的事。试题常见于语法填空、短文改错、完成句子及书面表达中。即时训练.单句填空1Most people(invite)to the ball were famous stars.2This famo
6、us novel(write)by Mr.Smith is worth reading.3The question(discuss)yesterday was about pollution.4He(not go)to bed until 12 oclock.5He(catch)a bad cold last week.invitedwrittendiscusseddidnt gocaught6It was raining lightly when I(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.7While making grea
7、t efforts to run away she(fall)over the hill and died.8When I was a child I hoped to live in the city.I(think)I would be happy there.9As I(tell)you last time I made three new friends here.10It has been ten years since I(graduate)from the university.arrivedfellthoughttoldgraduated11This(be)the first
8、time that I had been here.12Yang Zhenning(live)in America for many years and now he lives in China.13Hardly had the match started when we(arrive)waslivedarrived.完成句子1The book(一个农民写的)is very popular.2The problem(在昨天的会议上讨论的)was very difficult to solve.3The window(被那个顽皮的男孩儿打破的)is being repaired.4The ch
9、ildren(昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill.5The people(暴露在阳光下的)got sunburnt.written by a farmerdiscussed at the meeting yesterdaybroken by that naughty boyexamined in the hospital yesterdayexposed to the sunlight6.The boy(受到老师严重惩罚的)is now a college student.7The water(送到他家的)carried disease.8The English today
10、 is quite different from the English(300 年前所说的)9Most of the artists(被邀请去参加聚会的)were from South Africa.10The students(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.punished seriously by the teachersent to his homespoken 300 years agoinvited to the partyinspired by the teacher二、用于一般过去时态的时间状语1一般过去时表示在过去一段时间内，经
11、常性或习惯性的动作。这时常与 always usually often sometimes never 等时间状语连用。When I was a child I often played football in the street.当我是个孩子时，我经常在街上踢足球。I always got up late and never had enough time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。2.一般过去时表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有 yesterday last week an hour ago the other day
12、in 1982 等。Where did you go just now?你刚才去哪里了？3一般过去时也可与 today this week in the old days during.when 引导的时间状语从句，recentlyuntil.since时间点等时间状语连用。They recently moved to a new house.不久前他们搬进了新居。During his middle school years he often went for the competition.他在中学时代经常参加竞赛。I saw him today.我今天见过他。.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填
13、空1Prices of daily goods(buy)online are lower than store prices.2The glass of water is too hot.I prefer some cold(boil)water.3From your(disappoint)voice I have to say that is a piece of(disappoint)news.boughtboileddisappointeddisappointing4A letter(post)yesterday will probably reach her tomorrow.5The
14、(lose)boy was last seen playing near the East Lake.6Suddenly there appeared a young girl(dress)in white.7He(catch)a bad cold last week.8We(hold)a basketball match the day before yesterday.9I(wake)up and(find)it was eight oclock.10She(get)up early when she was young.postedlostdressedcaughtheldwokefou
15、ndgot.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。I thought that I had great skills in 1._(deal)with kids so I applied for a job to teach kids.The day of my interview was also my first day of work.My first mistake led to my first lesson.Dont try to make 2._(friend)with managers but be respectful.After
16、going through some work with 3._ couple of kids I learned I was not as good as I thought I was and it was 4._(good)to ask for help than do what you thought was right.dealing friends abetterA few days after work feeling pressured to do a good jobI found repetition 5._(make)it more comfortable.It wasn
17、t long 6._ I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bosses and what tone of voice to use with kids.I started sounding more confident 7._(realize)that the more confident you sound the more 8._ seems that you know what you are doing.made before realizing it What surprised me most afte
18、r a few months was how little money I had spent.Money from working long hours seemed to be more valuable to me than money 9._(give)by my parents.I kept it firmly in my hands and suddenly shopping was a 10._(total)different experience.The cost of items translated into how many hours I needed to work
19、to pay for it.given totally【语篇解读】利用你的假期闲暇时间，找一份临时工作，不仅能增加你的收入，而且能锻炼你的性格，使你成为一个独立性更强的人。1答案与解析：dealing 考查动词形式。此句中的 in 是介词，其后接动词时需用动名词形式，故用 dealing。2答案与解析：friends 考查名词。表达“与某人交朋友”需用 make friends with。3答案与解析：a 考查冠词。此处表达“几个孩子”之意，需用 a couple of。4答案与解析：better 考查比较级。后面的 than 暗示了此处用比较级，good 的比较级形式是 better。5答案
20、与解析：made 考查时态。本文是叙述过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故用 made。6答案与解析：before 考查固定句型。此处表达不久就学会了如何处理跟老板的关系，故用 before it was not long before.表示“不久就”。误解分析：如果不结合语境，很容易错误写出 until 答案，误认为是 not.until.搭配。7答案与解析：realizing 现在分词短语作伴随状语。8答案与解析：it 考查代词。It seems that.为固定句型。9答案与解析：given 考查非谓语动词。money 与 give 之间在逻辑上是被动关系，需用过去分词表达被动含义，此处 given by my parents 作后置定语，修饰 money。10答案与解析：totally 考查副词。其后的 different 是形容词，需用副词修饰。
