1、1contradict vt.与发生矛盾，与抵触contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的2infect vt.使感染；传染infection n感染；传染3prove vt. 证明；检验proof n证据；证明；检验4intervene vi.干涉；干预intervention n介入；出面；干涉1suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 adj.可疑的；不可信的I suspect (that) you once thought otherwise.vt.怀疑Two suspects are now being interrogated
2、 in connection with the killing.n.犯罪嫌疑人His reason for being absent is suspect.adj.可疑的2blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n责备；指责He bears the blame of his brother.n.责备；指责You can hardly blame Peter for being angry with her.vt.责怪；指责Whenever something goes wrong，everyone blames it on me.vt.把归咎于3handle n把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动
3、；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.n.把手；拉手A label on the crate read：“Handle with care”vt.处理；搬动Garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled.vt.操纵；使用4link n联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联The road links all the new towns.vt.把连接起来Scientists have established possible links b
4、etween cancer and diet.n.联系The two countries have successfully solved the boundary issue，which now has become a link of friendship between the two peoples.n.纽带5decrease n减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低The population began to decrease.vi.减少；减小；降低They decreased the size of the group from 25 to 15
5、.vt.减少；减小；降低There has been some decrease in imports.n.减少；降低Words and Phrasesonce and for all最终地；彻底地(教材P2)However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。例1He will explain it fully once and for all.他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。例2The teacher has warned the student once and
6、for all.那位老师已断然警告那名学生了。知识拓展all at once突然；同时at once 立刻，马上once and again 一而再，再三即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子We have to resolve this matter once and for all.All at once there was someone knocking on the door.He was punished once and again for telling lies.Im warning you once and for all，if you dont stop disturbing m
7、e，youll be regretful.我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)(教材P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。例1He subscribed for 1，000 shares.他认购了一千股。例2I subscribed to that magazine.It is put out every week. 我订阅了那本杂志。它是周刊。知识拓展subscribe to 同意；赞成；订阅subscribe.to. 把捐赠给；把签署在上即学即练
8、单句语法填空/完成句子In order to improve his daughters English，he subscribed to English Weekly.He subscribed his name to the contract.If you subscribe to the newspaper，itll be delivered to your door.如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。I heartily subscribe to that view我十分赞同那个观点。小片段填空We applied for subscribing to some magazine
9、s useful for our work.The department manager subscribed to it and subscribed his name to the application form.我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有益的杂志，部门经理同意了这一请求，并在申请表上签上了他的名字。(教材P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。(1)suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象例1I suspect him to know everything about
10、 that.我猜想那件事他全都知道了。例2She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。知识拓展suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb. to be. 怀疑某人是即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I suspect him to be(be) a pickpocket.I suspected the girl of lying (lie) to us.The police suspect him of having stolen t
11、he money警察怀疑钱是他偷的。小片段填空The first suspect was the victims son.The police suspected him of murdering his father，because the neighbors reported having heard them fighting on the night of the killing.第一个嫌疑犯是死者的儿子。警察怀疑他谋杀了他的父亲，因为邻居们在案发当晚曾听到他们打架。(2)blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责 n责备；指责例1They placed the blame on the
12、doctor.他们把责任归咎于医生。例2He tried to escape blame for what he had done.他试图不为自己的行为负责。知识拓展(1)be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任，(因某事)应受责备blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人take the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译If that happe
13、ns，the coach will take the blame for it.You are not to blame (blame)I cant put the blame on you.You shouldnt blame John for the failure.You shouldnt blame the failure on John.你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联(教材P3)Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera an
14、d the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。例1The two companies have linked.这两家公司已联合了。例2The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。知识拓展(1)link.to/with.将和联系/连接起来link up 连接；结合link up with. 与联合；使与衔接(2)a link between A and B A与B之间的联系即学即练单句语法填空/完成句
15、子The new tunnel links Britain to/with France.The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit.The country is linked (link) to the town by a new bridge.The new company linked up with several older ones in selfprotection.那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。decrease n减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(教材P3)T
16、hrough Snows tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。例1The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.销售量差不多减少了20%。例2His interest in this subject gradually decreases.他对这个科目的兴
17、趣在逐渐减退。知识拓展(1)on the decrease 在减少中a decrease in. 在方面减少(2)decrease to. 减少到decrease by. 减少了decrease from.to. 从减少到即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子There is a decrease of nearly 7% in the number of visitors to the museum.The accidents have decreased by 20% since the measure was taken.Because of human activities，the numbe
18、r of some rare animals is on the decrease.There has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。名师点津decrease的反义词increase的用法increase to增加(长)到increase by 增加(长)了on the increase 在增加thanks to 幸亏；由于(教材P3)Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work o
19、f John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。例1Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。例2Thanks to his effort，it is more successful than we have expected.由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。知识拓展because of因为；由于as a result of 作为的结果；由于due to 因
20、为；由于owing to 由于；因为的缘故即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子As a result of the bad weather，the football match was put off.The accident was due to his careless driving.Owing to your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time.Thanks to your help，we were successful.多亏你的帮助，我们成功了。transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变(教材P3)Moreove
21、r，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。例1He seems to have been miraculously transformed into a firstclass player.他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。例2Things cannot be transformed overnight.事情不可能在一夜之间改变。知识拓展(1)transform A into B把A变成Btransform s
22、th. from A to B 使某物从A变成B(2)transformation n. 改变；改革即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子We must work hard so as to transform China into an advanced industrial country.A complete change of climate transformed the area from farmland to desert.We are living in a time of social transformation (transform)A steam engine transfo
23、rms heat into power蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。Sentence Patterns“特殊疑问词不定式”结构(教材P2)As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。句式分析：句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。例1No one knew how to treat this dreade
24、d disease.没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。例2I dont quite know what to say in answer to your question. 我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。知识拓展(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通
25、常用主动形式。即学即练句型转换The teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment.The teacher taught the students how to do the experimentThe problem is where to put this computer.The problem is where we should put this computerI have no idea what I can say about this.I have no idea what to say about
26、 thisWhen we will start has not been decided.When to start has not been decided.so.that.引导结果状语从句(教材P2)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。句式分析：句中so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。例1He
27、 was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.他接受了她的邀请真是太傻了。例2They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them. 他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。知识拓展(1)sothat.(2)suchthat.即学即练完成句子/句型转换It is so good a film that Id like to see it a second time.这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。She works so hard that we all respect her.她工作这么努力
28、，我们都很敬佩她。She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.It is such a heavy box that I cant lift it.It is so heavy a box that I cant lift it.名师点津(1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。There was so little time left that we must hurry.时间不多了，我们要快一点。They are such
29、 little children that they cant understand it.他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。(2)在“so.that.”和“such.that.”结构中，当“so/such.”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用全部倒装。So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。1Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the worl
30、d，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.分析本句为复合句，until引导时间状语从句，其中how it could be overcome为how引导的宾语从句。 译文霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰斯诺展示了如何战胜它。 2He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.分析本句为复合句
31、，动词discovered 后是that引导的宾语从句，其中so.that.引导结果状语从句。 译文他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。 教材高考1.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40)(2020全国卷)The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed i
32、n the late 1980s，the catsized animals multiplied like crazy.2.Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(2020全国卷)If you do, you wont be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyones day.3.Moreover，Snow was later
33、 able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.(2019天津卷)Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.4.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.(2020天津
34、卷)Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.5.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(2019全国卷)Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according
35、to statistics from the report.单句语法填空1Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely (severe) punished today.2Many companies have subscribed (subscribe) generously to the football club so far.3Only a third of these households (household) thought it reasonable to meter water.4I think
36、he suspected us of some improper purposes.5This information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame (blame)6There are thirty microscopes (microscope) in our chemical laboratory.7They have gathered the best statistics (statistic) they can find and run them through their own computers.8The news
37、is so important that I must tell it to my friends.9A cheap table can be transformed (transform) by an interesting cover.10You should know when to stop (stop) asking questions.短语填空take the blame for；thanks to；once and for all；on the decrease；subscribe to；link up1Thanks to the spread of modern technol
38、ogy，trained workers are now more vital than ever.2The demand for tea is on the decrease each year.3The two families linked up through the marriage of their daughter and son.4It is not a theory that is commonly subscribed to5Lets get this problem right once and for all6The company was ready to take t
39、he blame for what had happened.课文语法填空In the early 19th century, 1.when a severe cholera hit Europe，John Snow became 2.frustrated(frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 3. But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Snow subscribed to the theory that cho
40、lera 4.was caused(cause) by an 5.infection(infect) from germs in food or water. Snow began by 6.marking(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. As 7.a result，John Snow was able to announce that the water from the pump 8.carried(carry) cholera germs. 9.Accordingly(according)，he had the handle of the pump 10.removed(remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.
