1、Section GrammarModule 5 The Conquest of the Universe栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe复习名词性从句1(教材 P58)Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television,their hearts in their mouths,aware of _ difficult and dangerous an adventure it was,and _ risks had to be taken.howwha
2、t栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe2(教材 P59)Like every schoolboy I had thought _ going into space as an astronaut must be the best job in the world.3(教材 P60)_ we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.4(教材 P60)The fact _ we cannot travel faster than light means that
3、 it will take a long time to reach those planets.thatWhatthat栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe1that 引导的主语从
4、句(1)that 引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。主语从句栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(2)that 引导主语从句时可用 it 作形式主语，that 不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain 等)that从句Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder
5、等)that 从句Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported 等)that 从句It不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter 等)that从句栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(湖北卷)It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。(天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should ge
6、t well prepared for their future.应该为未来做好充分准备，这一点对于学生们来说很清楚。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe2whether/if 引导的主语从句主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用 it 作形式主语，则 whether 与 if 可互换。Its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening.他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。(安徽卷)The limits of a persons intelligence，genera
7、lly speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe3wh-类连接词引导的主语从句wh类连接词包括连接代词(who，whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whatever 等)和连接副词(when，where，why，how，whenever
8、，wherever，however 等)。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，连接副词在从句中作状语。其语序为 wh类连接词加陈述句。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(2016 北 京 卷)Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。(北京卷)What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.芭芭拉琼斯展现给
9、她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(北京卷)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大的关系。(江苏卷)Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 Th
10、e Conquest of the Universe宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that 无词义，whether，if 意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。宾语从句栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe1that 引导的宾语从句that 引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：(1)当 that 从句作介词的宾语时。I dont know exactly where he lives，
11、except that its somewhere out in the wilds.他住在哪里我不是很清楚，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(2)动词后跟有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可以省略，从第二个从句开始 that 不可省略。He told me(that)he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the U
12、niverse(3)it 作形式宾语的宾语从句。动词 find/feel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/that 从句动词 hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoyitthat 从句短语动词 see to/depend on/rely onitthat 从句固定搭配 take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that 从句栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(陕西卷)No matter where he is，he makes it
13、 a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩早餐前散步。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会负责把他照顾好。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe2whether 与 if 引导的宾语从句whether 与 if 引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。(2017天津卷)She asked me whether I had
14、 returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe在下列情况下只能用 whether 而不能用 if：(1)宾语从句中有 or not 时，只能用 whether。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether the report is true or not.我不知道这个报道是否是真的。(2
15、)介词后的宾语从句要用 whether，whether 可与不定式连用。It depends on whether we have enough time.这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。They dont know whether to go there.他们不知道是否要去那里。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe3连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。(2018天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to whoeverwins the
16、 first place in the bicycle race.无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，将授予他金牌。(四川卷)Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.老师们总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过
17、去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。1从属连词 that/whether 引导表语从句在表语从句中，从属连词只起连接作用，其中 that 无词义，一般不能省略；whether 意为“是否”。if 不能引导表语从句。表语从句栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(2016上海卷)The most important result
18、 for the user is thatthe product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe2连接代词、连接副词引导的表语从句(1)连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever 等；连接代
19、词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2)连接副词有：when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 等。连接副词在从句中作状语。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(2018 北京卷)This is what my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。(北京卷)The best moment for the football star was
20、 when he scored the winning goal.在这个足球明星看来，最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe3其他连接词引导的表语从句(1)as if/as though 引导表语从句as if/as though 意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be 动词，seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell 等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。栏目导引语法精讲专项突
21、破Module 5 The Conquest of the UniverseThe thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(2)because，why 引导的表语从句This/That/It is why表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是的原因”This/That/It is because
22、表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为”The reason why.is that表语从句“的原因是”(安徽卷)From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe同位语从句在句中作某一名词(advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，n
23、ews，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word 等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有 that，whether，why，who，where，how，when 等。在同位语从句中，that 和whether 不作成分，that 无词义，whether 表示“是否”；if 不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。同位语从句栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe(2016天津卷)The manager put f
24、orward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universethat 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that 引导定语从句时，that 既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语 that 还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用 which替换。引导同位语从句时，that 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。The news
25、 that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句)栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 单句语法填空1(2018江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here，which is _we arrived.2(2018 天津卷)The possibility _ there is life on oth
26、er planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.3(2017北京卷)Every year，_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.howthatwhoever栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe4(2017北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not
27、 knowing _ she was heading.5(2016江苏卷)It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.6(2016北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.7(浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is _ my mother used to tell me.wheretha
28、tthatwhat栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe8He didnt work hard.Thats _ he was fired.9Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.10The question occurred to me _ we should go to get the car repaired.We were in the middle of the forest at
29、that time.whyhowwhere栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 单句改错1With the belief what our dream will come true in this June,we feel more motivated to prepare for the College Entrance Examination._2As is known to us is that tobacco contains nicotine and other harmful products,so you should
30、 give up smoking._whatthatAsWhat栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe3Id like to work with whomever is honest and easy to get on with._4My wife tries her best to do everything for our children.Thats exactly what she is mistaken._5(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to th
31、at I live._whomeverwhoeverwhatwherethatwhere栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 语法与写作1还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。_ will win the match.2他没有告诉我什么时候我们会再见面。He didnt tell me _It is still unknown which teamwhen we would meet again栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe3无论谁违反法律，都应受到惩罚。_ should be punished.4他没有来的原因是他妈妈生病了。_ his mother was ill.5我认为每天喝大量的开水是有必要的。I _ we drink plenty of boiled water every day.Whoever breaks the lawThe reason why he didnt come was thatthink it necessary that栏目导引语法精讲专项突破Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
