1、Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaSection Grammar&Writing动词不定式&but动词不定式第一板块单元语法1(教材 P32)Scientists have tried many ways _(solve)this problem and in China,a mass campaign has been started _(help)solve it.2(教材 P32)They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun,and the wind is sometimes strong enough _(m
2、ove)sand dunes.to solve to help to move 3(教材 P32)There was nothing _(do)It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation Ive ever been in.4(教材 P32)Sandstorms in China appear _(increase)in recent years as a result of“desertification”5(教材 P32)The storms sometimes continue all day and traff
3、ic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult _(see)to be done to have increased to see 6(教材 P32)When a sandstorm arrives in the city,weather experts advise people not _(go)out.7 (教 材 P32)The winds are very strong.Its difficult _(breathe)and the dust makes me ill.8(教材 P32)_(prevent)
4、it coming nearer,the government is planting trees.9(教材 P32)Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans _(continue)planting for the next five years.to go to breathe To prevent to continue 一、动词不定式1动词不定式的时态和语态时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have be
5、en done(1)不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时(几乎同时)发生或在谓语动词之后发生。He asked me to help him with the task.他让我帮他完成这项任务。(2)不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词同时发生。He is said to be studying abroad but I dont know which country it is.据说他正在国外学习，但我不知道是哪个国家。(3)不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。You appear to have travelled quite a lot.你似乎旅行过多
6、次。(4)不定式的被动式当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用动词不定式的被动形式。He was the last person to be asked to speak.他是最后一个应邀发言的人。温馨提示不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况：(1)在“主语系动词表语(形容词)(for sb.)to do”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词有逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有 easy,hard,difficult,fit 等。(2)不定式作定语时，若构成不定式的动词与不定式所修饰的词之间为动宾关系，并且句子的主语是不定式动作
7、的发出者时。(3)在“too.to.”和“enough.to.”结构中，若构成不定式的动词与句子的主语之间为动宾关系，不定式可以用主动形式表示被动意义。(4)在“特殊疑问词to do”结构中，do 与特殊疑问词之间为动宾关系时，不定式常用主动形式。The book is so difficult to understand that I want to give it up.这本书如此难懂以至于我不想读了。He has a large family to support.他有一个大家庭要养。The book is cheap enough to buy.这本书很便宜，可以买。The maths
8、 problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难我不能解出它。I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来该做什么。2动词不定式的语法功能(1)作主语当不定式作主语时，表示一次具体的动作，并且常用 it 作形式主语，把不定式后置。(浙江卷)No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better to remain silent.无论你是多么健谈的人，总有些时候保持沉默更好。温馨提示不定式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。(2)作表语
9、不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。(陕西卷)At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he was to become the first black president of the United States of America.在大学时，贝拉克奥巴马不知道他会成为美国第一任黑人总统。如果主语是以 aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish 等为中心的名词，或是 what 引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语用来说明主语的内容。Her wish is to become a
10、 key college student after graduation.她的愿望是毕业后成为一名名校大学生。(3)作宾语常用带 to 的不定式作宾语的动词有 afford,agree,ask,decide,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish，wait 等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。有些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾语，也可以跟动名词作宾语，但意思
11、不同，如 forget,remember,try 等；有些动词后面接不定式和动名词作宾语时意思差别不大，如 start,begin,hate,like 等。(安徽卷)I remembered to lock the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。We still remember once being taken round the famous tower when we were young.我们仍然记得在我们小的时候我们曾经被领着参观那座著名的塔。温馨提
12、示feel,find,think,believe,consider,make 这几个动词后面接不定式作宾语，且宾语后面有形容词/名词作宾补时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之后。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.我们都认为学好一门外语对我们来说非常重要。(4)作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语，常用于下列动词后：ask,cause,call,help,force,allow,permit,advise,order,get,want,wish,tell 等。(天津卷)Passengers
13、 are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.乘客只允许携带一个手提行李包登机。温馨提示(1)在“五看(see,watch,observe,notice,look at)三使(make,let,have)两听(hear,listen to)一感(feel)”等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 to,但当以上动词(let,have 除外)用于被动语态时需要带 to。(2)help 后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可带 to 也可不带 to,即 help sb.(to)do sth.。(陕西卷)Let
14、those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.让那些需要帮助的人们明白我们会全力以赴去帮助他们。The person was seen to enter the shop by us.我们看见那个人进了商店。(5)作定语不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。(四川卷)The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年竣工的机场将会帮助推进该地区旅游业的发展。中心词是序数词或被序数词、最高级、onl
15、y 等修饰时，用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。常用不定式作定语的名词：promise,plan,offer,decision,ability,warning 等。(湖南卷)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。温馨提示被修饰的名词与不定式存在被动关系时，不定式的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词
16、，则后面必须要有适当的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写下它的纸。(6)作状语原因状语。不定式作原因状语时，通常位于情感类形容词或表示心理活动的形容词/过去分词之后，表示产生某种情感或心理活动的原因。(辽宁卷)We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。目的状语。不定式作目的状语时可位于句
17、首和句末，且不定式前可加 in order/so as,但 so as to 不能位于句首。Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.我将把他的手机号写下来以防忘记了。The boy worked very hard in order to/so as to make up for the lost time.这个男孩工作非常努力，为的是弥补失去的时间。结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示意外的结果，常在不定式前加 only。He hurried to the house only to find that it was
18、empty.他急忙赶到那所房子，却发现空无一人。二、but动词不定式1当 but(表示“除之外”)前有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，其后的不定式通常不带 to。其他情况下不定式通常都要带 to。(陕西卷)If he takes on this work,he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.(have no choice but to do.别无选择只好做)他如果接受这项工作的话，必然会遇到更大的挑战。He does nothing but complain,which bothers almost every
19、one around him.他除了抱怨无所事事，这几乎困扰着他周围的每一个人。2but 用于 cant but,cant help but,cant choose but 等短语后，意为“不得不，只能”，不定式不带 to。We cant but face the reality.我们只能面对现实。I couldnt choose but speak the truth.我不能不说真话。Whenever I think of the story,I still cant help but laugh at myself.每当我想起那个故事，我就会忍不住地笑起自己来。.单句语法填空1The we
20、ather seems _(improve)now.Lets go for a picnic.2 All through the morning,Mary did nothing but _(sit)on the sofa,watching TV.3Although it is a hard task to protect our environment,we cant help but _(go)ahead.to be improving sit go 4When I returned to Beijing from Shanghai,the sandstorm had just ended
21、.My friends all said I was lucky _(miss)it.5(2019重庆巴蜀中学期中)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _(make)at the meeting will influence the future of our company.6He promised _(help)us whenever we were in trouble.to have missed to be made to help 7_(save)the child,he laid down his life.8It
22、 seems that we have no choice but _(wait)9When he was going to work,he was surprised _(find)that his car had been stolen.10Mother asked me not _(make)so much noise,for my brother was studying.To save to wait to find to make.单句改错1 As there was no bus,he couldnt but to walk home._2For example,when I r
23、ide my bike,my parents wont let me to ride by myself._3 Only this man was strong enough lift the heavy stone._去掉to 去掉to liftto lift4 The question be discussed next week has something important to do with our daily life._5The mother did what she could rescue her son,although she herself was in danger
24、._beto be rescue前加 to.语法与写作1我想让你为我们学校的英文报纸写一篇文章。Id like _ for our schools English newspaper.2据说他曾是个了不起的学者。He is said _ a brilliant scholar.3他是唯一被授予这项荣誉的外国人。He was _ such an honor.to ask you to write an article to have been the only foreigner to be given 4为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。_,he studied very hard.5她不禁琢磨着
25、他在想些什么。She couldnt help but _.In order to pass the exam wonder what he was thinking 环境保护类议论文第二板块单元写作文体感知与环境保护相关的作文一般都是夹叙夹议类的文章。要点明环境问题的现状及环境问题产生的原因；另外，要阐明我们要采取的保护环境的合理措施。增分佳句Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.With the development of industry and agriculture,
26、cars make noises and give off poisonous gas.Pollution has been making more and more water unable for drinking.The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.Measures have been taken to deal with these problems by the government.I hope the pr
27、oblem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.Only in this way can we create a stronger,healthier and more beautiful world.We should solve the problems that we are faced with.It is time for us to take measures as it is each citizens responsibility to save our mot
28、her earth.写作要求假设你是新华中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对你的家乡近两年频繁遭受沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社投稿，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。1过去家乡树木成林；2如今人们毁林种地建房；3气候变化，土地荒漠化；4植树造林，人人有责。注意：1词数 100 左右；2开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。Dear Editor,Im a student at a middle school of Shanxi._Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Li Hua审题谋篇项目结论体裁夹叙夹议文话题环保类时态一般过去时和一般现在时人称
29、第三人称词汇推敲表达我的观点_过去_由于；因为_为了_砍伐_侵袭_爱护_改善_express my viewsused tobecause of/as a result ofin order to/so as tocut downstriketake care of/look after carefullyimprove遣词造句随着时间的推移，森林遭受了严重破坏。一般表达：As time went on,the forests were seriously destroyed.高级表达：(用 with 复合结构升级)_With time going on，the forests were se
30、riously destroyed.沙尘暴不时地袭击我们的家乡，我们深受其害。一般表达：Sandstorms struck us now and then,and we suffered from them a lot.高级表达：(用非限制性定语从句升级)_Sandstorms struck us now and then，from which we suffered a lot.妙笔成篇Dear Editor,Im a student at a middle school of Shanxi._Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Li H
31、uaOne possible version:Dear Editor，Im a student at a middle school of Shanxi.Im writing to express my views concerning the environment in my hometown.My hometown used to be a beautiful place.Thick forests and green grass could be seen everywhere.However,because of climate changes,it rains little now
32、.In order to build houses and grow more crops,people there cut down more and more trees.With time going on,the forests were seriously destroyed.As a result,sandstorms struck us now and then,from which we suffered a lot.To prevent the process of desertification,I hope all the people take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down.Then our living conditions will soon be improved.Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours，Li Hua word部分：请做：课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块
