1、(一)高频重点词汇/分类记忆，用时少，功效高.阅读词汇读懂默想下面单词的词性及含义，不会的在中做出标记并核对识记。1.astronaut2.procedure3.ongoing4.rocket5.gravity6.frontier7.orbit8.giant9.leap10.mankind11.agency12.data13.spacecraft14.spacewalk15.jade16.dock17.solar18.soap19.towel20.microwave21.tissue22.fatal23.highend24.monitor25.foam26.pillow27.smartphon
2、e28.closing29.mystery30.oxygen自主核对区1n.宇航员；太空人2.n.程序；步骤；手续3.adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的4.n.火箭；火箭弹5.n.重力；引力6.n.边境；国界；边远地区7.n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt. &vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕运行8adj.巨大的；伟大的n巨人；巨兽；伟人9.n.跳跃；剧增；剧变vi.&vt.跳过；跃过10.n.人类11.n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处12.n.pl.资料；数据13.n.航天器；宇宙飞船14.n.太空行走；太空行走的时间15.n.玉；翡翠；玉器16.vi.&vt.(两架航
3、天器)对接；使进港n码头；船坞17.adj.太阳的；太阳能的18.n.肥皂19.n.毛巾；抹布20.n.微波炉21.n.纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织22.adj.致命的；灾难性的23.adj.高端的24.n.监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控25.n.泡沫橡胶；泡沫26.n.枕头27n.智能手机28.adj.结尾的；结束的n停业；关闭；倒闭29n.神秘事物；谜30.n.氧；氧气.核心词汇练通1vehicle n 交通工具；车辆2satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星3launch vt.&n. 发射；发起；上市4desire n. 渴望；欲望vt. 渴望；期望5resource n. 资
4、源；财力；物力6signal vt.&vi. 标志着；标明；发信号n. 信号；标志7recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用8muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力9lack n. 缺乏；短缺vt. 没有；缺乏10float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮vt. 使浮动；使漂流11otherwise adv. 否则；要不然12beyond prep. 在更远处；超出13facility n. 设施；设备14keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的15shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的16pattern n. 模式；图案；模范17limited adj. 有限的语境活用根据汉语意思填写单词1(2020江
5、苏卷)China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen(热衷的) on anything that is Chinese. 2(2019全国卷) People who were owners of successful papers, had little desire(欲望) to change the tradition.3(2019江苏卷)Large human brains consume more food, and weaken
6、muscles(肌肉)4(2018浙江卷6月)Many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled(回收利用) but require more energy to produce and transport.5The police have launched(发起) many campaigns to reduce road accidents since 2020.6He signalled(发信号) wildly for help, but nobody n
7、oticed.7They got two free tickets for Canada, otherwise(否则) theyd never have afforded to go.8When the students on the playground saw the colorful balloons floating(漂浮) in the sky, they became excited.9If a student lacks(缺乏) the motivation to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying.拓展词
8、汇用活1mental adj.精神的；思想的mentally adv.精神地；思想地2intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的intelligence n智力；才智；智慧3universe n宇宙；天地万物universal adj.普遍的；全体的universally adv.全体地；一致地；共同地4determine v决定；查明；确定determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的determination n决心5transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送transmitter n发射器transmission n传输；传送6disappointed adj.失望的
9、；沮丧的disappoint vt.使失望disappointing adj.令人失望的disappointment n失望；沮丧；扫兴；使人失望的人(或事物)7depend v依靠；依赖dependence n依赖independence n独立independent adj.独立的；自立的independently adv. 独立地；自立地8current adj.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮currently adv.现在；当下currency n货币；流行9sufficient adj.足够的；充足的sufficiently adv.足以；充分地insufficient adj.
10、不充分的；不足的10globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪global adj.全球性的；全世界的globally adv.全球的11argue vt.&vi.争辩；争论；论证argument n争论；争吵；论点12analysis n分析；分析结果analyses(pl.)分析analyse vt.分析13regular adj.规则的；定期的；经常的regularly adv.经常；定期地(反义词) irregular adj.不正常的；不合乎常规的regulate v调节；调整regulation n规则；规章；法规14attach vt.系；缚上；附加attached adj.附加的；依
11、恋的attachment n附件；依恋；爱慕语境活用用所给词的适当形式填空1(2020新高考山东卷) The race was of great benefit to the participants, physically and mentally(mental)2He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence. And he thinks that this slow boy can be as intelligent as others if taught properly.(intelligent)3She
12、is a determined girl, so we know that once she has determined to do something, she will achieve her goal with great determination(determine)4Most of us are longing to be independent from our parents, because our independence shows that weve grown up but when meeting with difficulties, well have to d
13、epend on our parents.(depend) 5To my parents disappointment, my disappointing math grade greatly disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then.(disappoint)6There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the position, and most of the people argued f
14、or him.(argue)7Before sending your email, dont forget to check that your attachment is actually attached to the email.(attach)8Over the past few years, airlines have advised passengers to exercise and drink water regularly during a flight to regulate blood circulation. (regular)9With the teachers he
15、lp，I analysed the data of this experiment. The teacher considered my analysis is reasonable.(analyse)(二)高频短语串记/记牢用活，不枯燥，兴趣高单元短语再现1carry on 继续做，坚持干2on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3in the hope of doing sth. 抱着的希望4so as to (do sth.)为了；以便5figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6result in导致；造成7as a result所以；结果(是)8provide for sb.提
16、供生活所需9run out用完；耗尽10in closing 最后语境活用选用左栏短语填空1The boat appeared a second time eight years later in the same spot, with all the six sailors alive on board2We have made approaches to them in the hope of establishing a business relationship.3The problem of the widening gap between the rich and the poor
17、, if not properly handled, can result in many serious social tensions.4Our parents send us to school so as to enable us to obtain knowledge and achieve success in the future.会积累(日积月累，联想发散)1.“引起；造成；导致”短语合集result in导致lead to导致；造成contribute to促成；有助于 give rise to引起；引发；使发生bring about引起；导致2.“v.out”短语荟萃fig
18、ure out弄明白run out用完break out突发；爆发find out查出；弄明白look/watch out当心；提防put out扑灭3.“过失”与“冲突”相关词一览argument n争吵；争论fault n.过错quarrel n.争吵；吵架conflict n.冲突mistake n.错误(三)重点句型仿写/背熟巧用，造佳句，表达高背佳句明句型巧仿写Mr Yang was one of the 14 pilots who were chosen to train for space flights.杨是被选中进行太空飞行训练的14名飞行员之一。one of名词复数定语从句
19、1.这是今年已经出版的最好的小说之一。This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。make宾语宾补2.看了舌尖上的中国，你会更容易理解为什么他决定在纽约开一家中餐馆来谋生。Having watched A Bite of China will ma
20、ke it easier for you to understand why he is determined to make his living by running a Chinese food restaurant in New York.For example, using current technology, it would take over two years to get to the closest planet, Mars, and back.例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星火星后再返回将花费两年多的时间。“it takes sb. some time to do
21、 sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”3.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.睡觉时，他们必须把自己附着在某些东西上，以防四处漂浮。状语从句的省略4.(2019全国卷)总之，我可以在给他们指导时向我们的嘉宾介绍中国画。In a word, I can intro
22、duce Chinese painting to our guests while offering them guidance. desiren渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望先练会单句语法填空(2020天津卷7月改编)The example of Galileo tells us that greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore(explore)We desire that immediate help (should) be given(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped
23、 by the flood.We all share a common desire for pleasure, connection, and something that is greater than us.再写美微写作(2019北京卷满分作文)听到这个消息，我们非常兴奋，忍不住想参与其中。On hearing the news, we were extremely excited and couldnt resist the desire to take part in/be involved in it名师点津 desire作动词时不用于进行时态；当其后接宾语从句或同位语从句时，从句
24、中谓语动词用“should动词原形”，其中should可省略。(1)have a (strong) desire (2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire for sth. 渴望得到某物desire that.(should) do sth.想要做某事 佳句背诵 Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you. 既然你渴望学习中国文化，我认为北京语言大学是你的
25、理想去处。(2018北京卷满分作文) signaln信号；暗号；信号灯v发信号；示意；表明；标志先练会单句语法填空(2021浙江卷1月)In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling (signal): “Climb on me.”(2019北京卷)The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals(signal) that we really have changed our planet.Th
26、e police signaled(signal) to the driver to stop his car by raising his hand.再写美微写作正月十五是元宵节，标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, signaling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. (分词短语作状语)(1)a traffic signal 交通信号send out a signal 发出信号(2)signal (t
27、o) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事signal (sb.) that. 示意(某人) 佳句背诵 The grand military parade of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC should be a signal that China has become a rich and powerful country.中华人民共和国成立70周年的盛大阅兵应该是中国已经成为一个富强的国家的标志。 lackv缺乏，缺少n缺乏；缺少；不足先练会单句语法填空 (2020天津卷7月) Lack of talent and
28、 time is no reason for taking no action.Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.(2020江苏卷)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.再写美一句多译(2019全国卷满分作文)由于缺乏足够的训练，我们很难在即将到来的比赛中取胜。For lack of enough training, w
29、e will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语作状语)Lacking enough training, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(分词短语作状语)As we lack enough training, we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(原因状语从句)(1)for lack of 因缺乏(a) lack of 缺乏(2)lackn. 缺乏lack forn. (多
30、用于否定句中)需求；需要(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的be lacking in 缺少佳句背诵 For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze finless porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.由于缺乏人类的保护，长江江豚的数量正变得越来越少。名师点津 (1)lack作名词时常与介词of连用；(2)lack作及物动词时直接加宾语；作不及物动词时，后常与介词for连用；(3)形容词lacking常与in连用。 otherwiseconj.否则；要不然adv.用别的方法；其他方面
31、；除此以外；否则；不然先练会写出下列句中otherwise的词性及含义(2019天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time. conj.否则My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldnt have afforded the trip.adv.否则；不然There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house wa
32、s silent.adv.除此以外It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers.adv.其他方面再写美微写作他生病了，否则他现在就要工作了。He is sick，otherwise he would be working right now.(1)otherwise作连词时，意为“否则；要不然”，相当于or、or else或if not。otherwise/or有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子要用虚拟语气。(2)and otherwise 等等；及其他or o
33、therwise 或相反；或其反面 佳句背诵 (1)Do as youre told, otherwise youll be in trouble.告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会有麻烦。(2)We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就给他打电话了。 arguevi.争论，辩论，说服；主张；认为先练会单句语法填空(2019天津卷) I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument(arg
34、ue)He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health.There is no need for us to argue(argue) with her about this problem, for she is so stubborn.再写美一句多译我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳的。We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain.
35、(argue)We tried many ways to persuade him to follow/into following our advice, but in vain.(persuade)We tried many ways to talk him into following our advice, but in vain.(talk)(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue for/against sth. 据理力争/反对某事argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事(2)argum
36、ent n. 论证；论据；争论；争吵beyond argument 无可争论 佳句背诵 Its no use arguing with him about the question for he wont change his mind.和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意。联想发散 “说服某人做某事”的表达形式：persuade sb. to do sth.；persuade sb. into doing sth.；convince sb. to do sth.；talk sb. into doing sth. attachvt.系；贴；连接；把固定；使附属；附加；重视先练会单句语
37、法填空/猜测加黑词的含义This hospital attached(attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.(2020全国卷)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. 附加再写美微写作是我们高度重视节能和环保的时候了。It is high time that we should attach grea
38、t importance to energy saving and environmental protection(1)attach.to.把固定/附在上attach great importance/significance to sth.认为有重要性/意义(2)attached adj. 依恋的be attached to 附属于；依恋 佳句背诵 Since the school attaches great importance to this tournament, I hope we can win a gold medal.由于学校非常重视这次比赛，我希望我们能赢得一枚金牌。 (
39、2019全国卷满分作文) result in导致；造成先练会用result的相关短语填空As is known to us, positive thinking and action result in success.As far as Im concerned, his failure in the competition resulted from his casual attitude.It rained heavily.As a result, we had to put off the sports meeting.We had to put off the sports meet
40、ing as a result of the heavy rain.再写美一句多译由于缺乏社交而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致严重的问题。(分词短语作定语)Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may result in serious problemsMisunderstandings arising from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may lead to ser
41、ious problems(1)result from/arise from由造成；因而产生(2)as a result 结果as a result of 由于without result 没有结果；白费佳句背诵 As a result of a parttime job, I neednt ask my parents for pocket money.由于做兼职工作，我不需要向父母要零花钱了。名师点津 (1)result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；(2)result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”；(3)表示“导致”的词语还有cause、lead to、contrib
42、ute to等。 provide for sb.提供生活所需先练会单句语法填空 (2020江苏卷)This wellmade film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing Chinas past and present.(2019全国卷)It is necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.再写美词汇升级(普通表达)I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a h
43、orse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. (2018浙江卷6月)(高级表达)I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, provided/providing (that) my dad went with me.(1)provide sb.with sth.provide sth.for sb. 向某人提供某物(2)provided (that)providing (that)倘若，在情况/条件下 佳句背诵 Famous for
44、its graceful and wellbalanced movements, Tai Chi provides the mental relaxation and physical fitness, which is so essential in our modern stressful life. 太极以优雅的、平衡的动作出名，它让思想放松、身体健康，这在我们现代紧张的生活中是很重要的。名师点津 offer sb. sth.offer sth.to sb.向某人提供某物supply sb. with sth.supply sth.to/for sb.向某人提供某物 run out(某物
45、)用完，耗尽先练会选词填空(run out/run out of)(2019北京卷)If they run out of certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed.Saving is very important because natural resources in our world may run out one day.再写美一句多译如果我们继续像这样用水，我们很快就会把它用完。If we keep using the water like th
46、is, we will soon run out of it(run v)If we keep using the water like this, itll soon run out(run v)If we keep using the water like this, we will soon use it up(use v)If we keep using the water like this, itll soon be used up(use v)run out of 用完use up 用完；耗尽give out 用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽 佳句背诵 Care for the enviro
47、nment has become very important as earths natural resources are running out.爱护环境已变得很重要，因为地球的资源即将枯竭。名师点津 (1)run out ofuse up表示主动意义，主语一般是人；(2)run outbe used up表示被动意义，主语通常是物。“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”(教材P42)For example, using current technology, it would take over two years to g
48、et to the closest planet, Mars, and back.例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星火星后再返回将花费两年多的时间。先练会单句语法填空 (2020全国卷)Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come(come) around to the opinion. (浙江卷)A month before the event, I spent hours working(work) out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps.再写
49、美微写作昨天我花了十分钟和店主讨价还价，最终花了10元钱买了这本书，而同一本书只花了汤姆5元钱。Yesterday，it took me ten minutes to bargain/I spent ten minutes bargaining with the shop owner and I finally paid ten yuan for the book/spent ten yuan on the book, while the same book only cost Tom five yuan作为一名刚毕业的学生，他不知道在这里创业需要什么。As a new graduate, h
50、e doesnt know what it takes to start a business here.“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子的真正主语。此外，take还表示“需要”。(1)it takes courage/patience .to do sth.做某事需要勇气/耐心(2)sb.spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花费多少时间/金钱在某物上/做某事(3)(doing) sth.cost sb.money
51、 (做)某事花费某人多少金钱it costs (sb.) money to do sth.做某事花了(某人)多少钱(4)sb.pay (sb.) money for sth./to do sth.某人为某物/做某事付(给某人)钱 佳句背诵 It takes hard work to make dreams into reality. Please remember: No one can achieve anything without effort.实现梦想需要付出艰苦的努力。请记住：没有人能够不努力就有所成就。提能训练一阅读理解障碍词.语境辨义根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义1(2020全国
52、卷)Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.n.数据2(2020全国卷)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.v.提出(想法)3(2018北京卷)In order to deliv
53、er a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail.n.程序，步骤4(2020全国卷)And there are questions about the films made outside the States，which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.v.监控.熟词生义根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义1(2019全国卷)Still, mos
54、t of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. n.结束，末尾2He has no inner resources and hates being alone.n.才智，谋略3(2020江苏卷)Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated
55、 with improved metabolic health. n.控制，调控.一词多义根据语境选出attach的词性及含义Av.把固定/附在 Bv.认为有重要性，重视Cv.参加，和在一起 Dv.与有联系1(2020全国卷)Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is ecofriendly.A2He attached himself to me at the party and I couldnt get rid of him.C3No one is suggesting tha
56、t any health risks attach to this product.D4Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.B提能训练二课文语法填空Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. They make 1.
57、vehicles(vehicle) to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik satellite 2.was launched(launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on 3.sending(send) people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri
58、 Gagarin became the first person in the world 4.to go(go) into space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon.Chinas space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, 5.but it has made great progress in a short time. China became
59、the third country in the world to 6.independently(independent) send humans into space in 2003, 7.when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, 8.followed(follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabb
60、it being sent to the moon to study its surface. After that, China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it. This signalled one step 9.further(far) in Chinas plan to establish a space station 10.in the future. More recently, China has sent Change4 to explore the sur
61、face of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.提能训练三用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文你校英文报的“天文学”栏目正在举办征文比赛， 你寒假参加过王教授在你市科技博物馆举办的天文知识讲座。请你根据自己的经历写一篇短文给该报投稿。内容包括：1参加讲座的经历；2参加讲座后的心得体会。注意：词数80左右；可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。参考词汇：讲座 lecture审题谋篇遣词造句.单元相关语块1astronomy n 天文学2amazing adj. 令人惊异的3planet n. 行星4unive
62、rse n. 宇宙；天地万物5solar system 太阳系；类太阳系.单元语块运用1完成句子王教授向我们展示了一些图片和视频，让我们对其他行星有了充分的了解。Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos to make us have a sound knowledge of other planets讲座结束后，我们有机会问他一些问题。When the lecture was over, we got a chance to ask him some questions我下定决心要更加努力学习，在将来为天文学做出贡献。I am
63、 determined to study harder and make a contribution to astronomy in the future.2句式升级将句升级为含有限制性定语从句的句子Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos which made us have a sound knowledge of other planets.妙笔成篇_One possible version：In the winter holiday, I attended a lecture on astronomy by Profe
64、ssor Wang in the Science and Technology Museum in our city.In the lecture, I learned something about the solar system, an amazing world that I knew little about before Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos which made us have a sound knowledge of other planets. When the lecture was ov
65、er, we got a chance to ask him some questions.This valuable experience made me believe that there are still many secrets about the universe waiting to be explored. And I am determined to study harder and make a contribution to astronomy in the future.提能训练四读后续写15用过渡衔接词增强文章的连贯性.选词填空(太空探索)most importan
66、tly, although, such as, in conclusion, to begin with, however, moreover, that is to say, as a matter of factThe publics view about space exploration varies. Some people consider space exploration as a waste of time, money and resources. 1.However, others hold the opposite opinion. 2.Although the cos
67、t of space exploration is high, the return is higher. Space exploration is beneficial to mankind in many respects. 3.To begin with, it has the potential of discovering new concepts and develops new insights into space. 4.That is to say, space exploration triggers technological advancement. It brings
68、 together different people from various researches and science fields to work jointly to solve some common challenges. 5.As a matter of fact, the result is seen in latest applied inventions and discoveries. 6.Moreover, the satellites in space help us predict hazardous weather conditions and provide
69、services 7.such as navigation and communications. 8.Most importantly, investments into space exploration create real economic benefits at home. 9.In conclusion, considering the benefits, space exploration is well worth the cost. .迷你语料库(神态描写激动)At the sight of the young lady, the mans face changed to red and back to pale again. He watched her countenance (expression) as he drew nearer, with hope and anxiety mingled (mixed) on his own.
