1、单元素养评价(二)Unit 8(120分钟150分)第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。Text 1W: Would you look at this paper? M: What? W: The Perdinks won the baseball game last night. M: Wow. I wish I had seen it instead of the
2、boring movie filled up with advertisements. 1. What is the woman probably doing? A. Watching a movie. B. Reading a newspaper. C. Making an advertisement. 答案: BText 2M: Lets meet at 20 to 5. W: Well. Could we make it 20 past 5? W: Thats a bit late for me. I could manage 10 past. M: OK. See you then.
3、2. At what time will the two speakers meet? A. 5: 20. B. 5: 10. C. 5: 40. 答案: BText 3M: What time are we leaving for the outing? W: Ill phone you tomorrow. I should have everything sorted out by then. 3. What will the man do? A. Change the plan. B. Wait for a phone call. C. Sort things out. 答案: CTex
4、t 4W: The most urgent thing for me at the moment is planning this wedding. M: Im such a bad friend. Congratulations! I had no idea you were engaged. W: Well, we havent got around to telling a lot of people. 4. What is going on with the woman? A. She is going to get married. B. She has a bad friend.
5、C. She forgets to tell people things. 答案: AText 5W: This car looks a bit old, can you still drive it? M: Well, my little babe may look not young, but its still as vigorous as it was 15 years ago! 5. What is the car like? A. Its powerful. B. It looks new. C. It cant be driven any more. 答案: A第二节(共15小题
6、; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。Text 6M: Hello, Mary, this is Ted. My flight just landed. I thought you had arranged for someone to meet me here and take me to the hotel. W: I did! Wa
7、snt there someone holding a sign with your name on it? M: No, there wasnt. Ive collected my luggage, and now Im not sure what to do. W: OK, wait for a moment and Ill get someone there as soon as possible. Sorry for the inconvenience. 6. Where is the man? A. At an airport. B. At a company. C. At a ho
8、tel. 答案: A7. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Collect his luggage right away. B. Hold a sign with his name on it. C. Wait for someone else to pick him up. 答案: C听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。Text 7W: We need to have a serious talk. M: About what? W: Your attendanceor rather, lack of it. M: OK, so Ive miss
9、ed a few classes? W: A few classes? Ive been told youve missed six out of eight times in two different classes! Thats really setting yourself up to fail. Youre about to be in big trouble. M: Whats the big deal about missing some classes? W: The big deal is that youre here on a student visa. M: So? W
10、: So if you dont attend classes regularly, you wont be a full-time studentwhich your visa requires. M: What are you going to do? Turn me into the police? W: Ill have to report you if you continue missing your classes. Then Im afraid youll have to pack your things. 8. Why does the woman talk to the m
11、an? A. He lost his student visa. B. He often makes trouble. C. He is often absent from class. 答案: C9. What is the worst result of the mans behaviour? A. Hell be sent back home. B. Hell have to restart his course. C. Hell stay in the police station. 答案: A听第8段材料, 回答第1012题。Text 8W: Bob, Im sure you kno
12、w about second-hand smoke. M: Of course. I do. W: But have you heard about third-hand smoke? M: Third-hand smoke? Im afraid not. What is that then? W: Well, it is here in todays paper. Parents may think they are protecting children from second-hand smoke when they smoke outside their home or only wh
13、en the children are not there. But now researchers are warning about what they call third-hand smoke. When you smoke, dangerous matter in cigarettes gets into your hair and clothing. As babies are the weakest, when you come to a baby, you pass it to the baby and increase the chances of disease in th
14、e baby. M: Is that so? In that case I have to say that I should never get close to a baby. W: Thats right. Actually all smoking parents should do the same or better give it up completely. 10. How did the woman get to know about third-hand smoke? A. From young smokers. B. From a newspaper article. C.
15、 From some smoking parents. 答案: B11. Why does the man say that he would keep away from babies? A. He has just become a father. B. He wears dirty clothes. C. He is a smoker. 答案: C12. What does the woman suggest smoking parents should do? A. Stop smoking altogether. B. Smoke only outside their rooms.
16、C. Reduce dangerous matters in cigarettes. 答案: A听第9段材料, 回答第1316题。Text 9W: How do you think the kids were feeling tonight? M: They both seemed beat. W: I agree. I thought Hector was going to fall asleep at the dinner table, and you should have seen Teresa dragging herself in from school today. She co
17、uld barely pick up her head to say hello. M: Well its been a busy couple of months. Hectors AP classes are very demanding, and hes been working really hard at the supermarket. W: And Teresa has been so busy with the school musical. She was excited when she got the lead role, but Im not so sure that
18、she understood what it would involve. M: I suppose the good news is that summer isnt far away. W: Its a good lesson for all of us about overcommitting. I think we should encourage them to focus on just a couple of activities, rather than so many at once. M: I agree. But I dont think we should tell t
19、hem to quit, either. They need to learn to finish what theyve started, even when it gets tough. WMaybe we can find a way to encourage them. M: What do you have in mind? W: I was hoping youd have some ideas. 13. Whats the relationship between the two speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Friends. C. Brot
20、her and sister. 答案: A14. Whats wrong with Hector? A. Hes been working too much. B. He often falls asleep in class. C. He doesnt want to work in the grocery store. 答案: A15. What is Teresa busy with? A. She is busy with a musical. B. She is busy with her AP classes. C. She is busy with her part-time j
21、ob. 答案: A16. How will the speakers help their children? A. Ask them to quit. B. Encourage them to keep going. C. Take them on a summer vacation. 答案: B听第10段材料, 回答第1720题。Text 10 Good afternoon, dear customers! This is a special request from the security department here at Wanda Plaza. We hope you are
22、finding everything you are looking for, but right now, we need your help. We are looking for a 6-year-old boy named Laurence Lynch. Laurence, if you can hear this, please go to the security desk located at the front of the plaza near the Pizza Hut. Your mom is looking for you. All other guests, plea
23、se take a moment to help us find Laurence. His mother Clare was last with him in the food section about 30 minutes ago, and she thinks he is still somewhere in the plaza, possibly in the toy section or the sporting section. Laurence is wearing a red shirt, blue jeans, white shoes, and a black baseba
24、ll cap. He is about 5 feet 2 inches tall with dark hair and blue eyes. If you see Laurence, please help him to get to the security desk located at the front of the plaza. You can also approach any of our staff members if you see Laurence or have any other information about where he might be. Thank y
25、ou very much for your help, and enjoy the rest of your day here at Wanda Plaza. 17. Where was the missing boy last seen? A. In the food section. B. In the sporting section. C. In the toy section. 答案: A18. When was the boy probably lost? A. At around 9 a. m. B. At about 3 p. m. C. At about 10 p. m. 答
26、案: B19. What is the boy wearing? A. A white shirt and a red baseball cap. B. Blue jeans and a black baseball cap. C. A dark shirt and blue jeans. 答案: B20. What should guests do if they see the boy? A. Call the security department. B. Take him to the Pizza Hut. C. Help him to reach the security desk.
27、 答案: C第二部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2020启东高一检测)Bike Share Toronto is the citys official bike share program, designed to give locals and visitors a fun, affordable and convenient alternative to walking, taxis, buses and the subway. There are 200 Bi
28、ke Share Toronto stations and 2, 000 bikes across the city, making Bike Share the most accessible way to get around and explore. How it worksBecome an Annual Member or buy a Day Pass to access the system. Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it. Take as
29、 many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active. Return your bike to any station, and wait for the green light to make sure its locked. Choose a planFor visitorsDay Pass: $7. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 24-hour period. 3-Day Pass: $15. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 72-hour
30、period. For localsMonthly Pass: $25. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a month. Annual Membership: $90. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a whole year. The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders. The first 30 minutes of each ride is included with the membership or
31、 pass price. Avoid extra fees by dropping off your bike every 30 minutes at any other station. If you keep a bike out for longer than 30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1. 50 for the first 30 minutes over, $4 for the next 30 minutes, and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.
32、 Contact usCustomer Service: (855)898-2388Repair Service: (855)898-2378Corporation Partners: (855)898-2398Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文, 介绍了多伦多城市共享单车项目。21. What can we know about the share bike in Toronto? A. A member can get a code or a key to the bike. B. Bike Share Toronto
33、 is a non-profit program. C. Shared bikes have taken the place of other vehicles. D. The green light shows the bike is unlocked. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据How it works部分中的前两条可知, 单车会员可获得骑车代码或用会员钥匙打开车锁。22. Which is the most suitable choice for locals to access the system in Toronto? A. Day Pass.B. 3-Day Pass. C.
34、 Monthly Pass.D. Annual Membership. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Choose a plan部分中的“The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders”可知, 使用共享单车时, 年卡对多伦多当地人来说是最好的选择。23. How much will the extra fee be if you travel for two hours by bike? A. $5. 5. B. $9. 5. C. $12. 5. D. $15. 5.
35、 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Choose a plan部分中内容可知, 使用共享单车2小时的前30分钟的费用包括在单车卡里, 而剩下的90分钟的费用为: $1. 5+ $4+ $7=$12. 5, 因此如果你骑自行车旅行两小时, 额外的费用是12. 5美元。B(2020正定高一检测)Many Beijing residents go to great lengths to avoid breathing the citys smoggy air, especially when it reaches critical pollution levels, but one local firm
36、 decided that canning and selling this poor quality air as a souvenir (纪念品) would be a great idea. Believe it or not, he was right. After seeing a number of companies achieve commercial success by canning fresh air from countries like France, Canada or Australia and selling it in China, Dominic John
37、son-Hill, a British-born citizen of Beijing and owner of the Plastered 8 souvenir shop, decided to turn the idea on its head and sell canned Beijing air throughout China and abroad. “Id seen people going crazy to buy canned air from Canada and Australia, so I thought it was time to push business the
38、 other way, ” the entrepreneur said. “Theyre perfect gifts! What else are you going to take home when you go home from Beijing? A roast duck? A Plastered T-shirt? These cans are light, portable, you can just imagine someones face when they unwrap (打开) it for Christmas. ”The few mouth-fulls of Beijin
39、g air come in standard tin cans featuring a couple of city landmarks as well as a bitter description of the contents: “a unique mix of nitrogen, oxygen and some other stuff”. The ironic (讽刺的) souvenirs cost 28 RMB ($4) and are available at the Plastered 8 shop, as well as on its online shop. But if
40、youre actually considering buying some, youd better ask shop in advance, as they are virtually flying off the shelves. Johnson-Hill said that his shop is selling hundreds of Beijing air cans every day. Personally, the well-sold can probably is an awakening for the public to be concerned about the li
41、ving conditions. Yet one thing thats not particularly clear is whether the air is really collected from Beijing, as the cans are labeled as “Made in Shenzhen”. Theres a big chance thats just a kind of Plastered 8 humor, as they also list “Choking Hazard” and “May have unidentified objects inside. ”
42、as warnings. Anyway, it is probably a unique way to arouse public awareness of protecting the environment. 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Dominic Johnson-Hill在中国和海外销售罐装北京空气, 人们对此看法不一, 但作者认为这可能是唤起公众保护环境意识的一种独特方式。24. What contributes to Dominics idea of canning and selling the poor quality air? A. Try to get us
43、ed to it. B. Sell it all over the world. C. Can it as a souvenir. D. Try to push business the other way. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段中的“Id seen people going crazy to buy canned air from Canada and Australia, so I thought it was time to push business the other way, the entrepreneur said. ”可知, 努力把生意推向另一个方向使Domin
44、ic产生了制作和销售劣质空气的想法。25. How may one feel when receiving canned Beijing air for Christmas? A. Satisfied. B. Surprised. C. Frightened. D. Refreshed. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第三段中的“These cans are light, portable, you can just imagine someones face when they unwrap it for Christmas. ”可知, 你可以想象某人在圣诞节打开罐时的表情; 圣诞礼物一般都是
45、美好的, 而一个人收到北京罐装空气作为圣诞礼物一定会感到很吃惊。26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “stuff” in Paragraph 4? A. Liquids. B. Objects. C. Minerals. D. Risks. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由第四段第一句中的“The few mouth-fulls of Beijing air come in standard tin cans featuring a couple of city landmarks as well as a bitt
46、er description of the contents: “a unique mix of nitrogen, oxygen and some other stuff”. ”可知, 罐里的北京空气中含有氮、氧和一些其他物质, and表并列, 所以stuff是和氮、氧类似的物质, 由此可知画线词词义为“物质”。27. What can we infer from the passage? A. The canned Beijing air may harm people who buy it. B. The Plastered 8 souvenir shop is famous for i
47、ts humour. C. People should make efforts to protect the environment. D. Dominic Johnson-Hill likes the poor quality air in Beijing. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Anyway, it is probably a unique way to arouse public awareness of protecting the environment. ”可知, 无论如何, 这可能是唤起公众保护环境意识的一种独特方式, 由此可知, 人们应该努力保护环境。C(
48、2020合肥高一检测)Youth is a stressful time from friends to school to families, and stressful situations become common. The body can respond (反应) with faster breathing, a fast beating heart, tense (绷紧的) muscles and drop of sweat. And teens who breathe polluted air appear to respond most strongly to stress,
49、 a new study shows. Jonas Miller, a psychologist working at Stanford University , studied whether or how air pollution might affect the bodys response to stress. Millers team invited 144 teens to participate in a stressful test. Most of the kids lived in or near San Francisco, which has the worst ai
50、r quality. Before the test, the researchers used sensors(感测器) to record heart rates and sweat levels for five minutes as the kids rested. Then as the test began, a researcher read aloud the beginning of a story and the kids had five minutes to make up an exciting ending to the story. They would have
51、 to memorize their ending and present it aloud to a judge. After finishing this task, the kids were asked to do math problems, which obviously was a harder task. If he or she made a mistake, the judge let the student start over. The whole time, sensors recorded heart rates and sweat levels. Miller f
52、ound all the students had similar heart rates and sweat levels at rest. But as the test got difficult, differences began to appear. Kids from places with more air pollution responded more strongly to stress and their heartbeats became irregular. They sweated more than teens who lived in cleaner plac
53、es. “The teens bodies were preparing to deal with possible challenges in the environment and such bodily responses to stress were linked to negative feelings”, Miller concludes. Over time, he says, “these responses can contribute to both physical and mental health problems. ”This study has proved th
54、e negative health effects of air pollution among teenagers. Therefore, teenagers should try to avoid their exposure (暴露) to air pollution. They should consider limiting their time outside during rush hour, especially on days when air pollution is particularly strong. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现, 住在空气污染地
55、区的孩子对压力的反应比住在干净地区孩子的反应强烈。长期的这种反应会对青少年的健康有影响, 因此建议青少年尽量避免暴露在污染的空气中。28. What happened to teens in stressful situations? A. Their bodies react strongly. B. Their muscles cause pain. C. They become seriously sick. D. They have trouble in breathing. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的Youth is a stressful time from fri
56、ends to school to families, and stressful situations become common. The body can respond with faster breathing, a fast beating heart, tense muscles and drop of sweat. 可知当处于压力环境中时, 青少年的身体会做出剧烈的反应。29. What can we learn about the test? A. The judge of the test was strict with the kids. B. The kids enjo
57、yed making up endings of stories. C. Those breathing polluted air doesnt have more stress in life. D. The kids gradually felt more stress in the process. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第四段的But as the test got difficult, differences began to appear. Kids from places with more air pollution responded more strongly
58、to stress and their heartbeats became irregular. 可推测随着测试的进行, 孩子们的压力逐渐增大。30. From the study we can infer that teens should . A. solve their mental health problemsB. spend less time outside in heavy trafficC. learn to deal with stressful situationsD. enjoy more outside activities in good weather【解析】选B
59、。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的They should consider limiting their time outside during rush hour, especially on days when air pollution is particularly strong. 可推测, 青少年在交通拥堵时应尽量不待在户外。31. Where is the passage probably from? A. A report on pollution. B. A geography book. C. A psychologists diary. D. A science magazi
60、ne. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容, 尤其是第一段的And teens who breathe polluted air appear to respond most strongly to stress, a new study shows. 可知本文是关于一个新研究的发现, 故推出该文很有可能出现在科学杂志上。DThe worlds top automakers are increasingly offering more electric vehicle models. This growth is expected to continue, with more peo
61、ple choosing to hit the road with clean-running electric cars. Environmentalists have praised the automakers for taking major steps to limit harmful pollutants linked to worldwide climate change. But electric vehicles are also known for not producing another kind of pollutionnoise. They run on batte
62、ries instead of fuel, and can operate in silence. While many people might consider this a good thing, quiet cars can also cause problems. The main danger is that people around electric vehicles face a greater risk of being hit if they cannot hear the cars coming. Governments in the United States and
63、 Europe have recognized this problem. So, they have set requirements for manufacturers to add warning sounds to electric vehicles. The U. S. Department of Transportation finalized its rules a year ago. The rules require electric and hybrid (混合的) vehicles to be equipped with some warning sounds when
64、moving at speeds up to 30 kilometers per hour. The rules are aimed at preventing injuries among people walking or riding bicycles and to protect the blind. So what kinds of sounds can we expect to hear from the next generation of electric vehicles? One of the easiest solutions would be for carmakers
65、 to reproduce the sound a traditional car running on fuel. But many industry officials believe this would be a mistake. They say this would not support the electric vehicles true identity. Frank Welsch, the head of technical development at Volkswagen, said that finding the perfect sound mix is not a
66、n easy process. He said. “It cannot be too annoying. It cannot sound like anything we had in the past. ”An official from Mercedes-Benz said the sound was designed to provide a safe warning without annoying passengers inside the vehicle. He said the goal was to create a car that remains completely qu
67、iet inside. It might seem strange to think that part of our automotive future is currently being developed in the same kinds of recording studios used by musicians. But that is exactly what is happening. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍电动汽车的特点: 污染小, 无噪音, 引出电动汽车面临更大的被撞风险。32. Whats the main advantages of the elect
68、ric cars over the traditional cars? A. Fast and clean. B. Smart and modern. C. Inexpensive and fashionable. D. Limited pollution and no noise. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中They run on batteries instead of fuel, and can operate in silence. 可知, 与传统汽车相比, 电动汽车的主要优点是污染小, 无噪音。33. Whats the authors purpose of writin
69、g the first two paragraphs? A. To provide some facts about electric cars. B. To introduce the topic of the passage. C. To list the advantages of automobiles. D. To stress the importance of saving energy. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中The main danger is that people around electric vehicles face a greater risk o
70、f being hit if they cannot hear the cars coming. 可知, 作者写前两段的目的是引入这篇文章的主题。34. Sounds are added to electric cars to _. A. limit pollutantsB. prevent injuriesC. increase salesD. make cars smarter【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中The rules are aimed at preventing injuries among people walking or riding bicycles and to
71、 protect the blind. 可知, 电动汽车中加入了警报声是为了防止人们受伤。35. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Electric Cars Need Creative Sounds to Replace Engine NoiseB. Electric Car Sounds Promote Sales to a Large DegreeC. Recording Studios Will Create Sounds for All Electric carsD. Governments Call on People
72、 to Design Electric Car Sounds【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据第五段中The rules require electric and hybrid vehicles to be equipped with some warning sounds when moving at speeds up to 30 kilometers per hour. The rules are aimed at preventing injuries among people walking or riding bicycles and to protect the blind. 以及结
73、合文章主要说明了电动汽车没有声音会导致更大的被撞风险, 于是政府规定电动汽车必须要安装一些警报声。第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2020宁波高一检测) A new law came into use in Shanghai on Monday, requiring every individual, families and companies to sort (分类) their trash into different trash cans. Locals are now r
74、equired to separate trash into four kinds: food waste, residual waste, harmful waste and recyclable waste. According to the new law, a 200-yuan fine can be given to individuals or families who do not follow it. 36On the first day of practice of the rules, it was found that 38. 1 percent of hotels an
75、d 33. 2 percent of companies didnt meet the requirements. 37The success in residential (居民的) neighborhoods was a result of early practice in pilot(试点的) neighborhoods around the city, which had caused mixed feelings among the public since June. 38 Some people praised Shanghai for being a role model a
76、nd taking active steps to solve the trash problem in big cities, while others complained about the inconvenience the rule has brought to their daily lives, and made jokes about sorting their garbage. The final goal of the trash sorting program is to reduce waste and increase recycling. Shanghais 24
77、million residents produce 56, 000 tons of trash every day. 39 Actually, Shanghai is not fighting alone in the battle against trash disposal, as trash sorting has been popular nationwide. 40 Those cities will set up a basic system to classify and dispose of their household garbage by 2020, and by 205
78、0, cities at the prefecture level (地级) and above should have the system in place. A. Only 7. 4 percent of the residential neighborhoods needed to be corrected. B. Sales of trash cans on Taobao also increased before the regulation took effect. C. On Sina Weibo, the topic of trash sorting has caused a
79、 heated discussion. D. People in different cities have different attitudes towards sorting their trash. E. Most of the trash ends up being buried, which wastes precious land and can pollute water and soil if not solved properly. F. The country plans to have 46 major Chinese cities to join in it, inc
80、luding Beijing and Guangzhou. G. And for companies, the fine can hit 5, 000 to 50, 000 yuan. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了上海颁布的一项新的法律: 上海所有的个人, 家庭和公司必须分类投放垃圾, 否则将面临罚款。以及人们对这项法律的反应。36. 【解析】选G。根据上句a 200-yuan fine can be given to individuals or families who do not follow it. 可知, 对个人或家庭的罚款是200元, 但是没有提到对公司的罚款规定, 因此
81、接下来应该是对公司的罚款规定。G项对公司的罚款从5000到50000元不等。此项符合文意。37. 【解析】选A。根据上句it was found that 38. 1 percent of hotels and 33. 2 percent of companies didnt meet the requirements. 提到了宾馆和公司的状况, 结合下句The success in residential neighborhoods was a result of early practice in pilot neighborhoods around the city中提到了居民区的成功,
82、 可知应该是关于居民区在垃圾分类方面的表现。因此A项只有7. 4%的居民区需要整改符合文意。38. 【解析】选C。根据下句Some people praised Shanghai for being a role model and taking active steps to solve the trash problem in big cities, while others complained about the inconvenience the rule提到了人们对上海这一法律的出台的不同观点, C项在新浪微博上, 垃圾分类话题引发了热烈的讨论符合文意。39. 【解析】选E。根据上
83、句Shanghais 24 million residents produce 56, 000 tons of trash every day. 可知上海每天所制造的垃圾的数量, 接下来应该是讲这些垃圾带来的问题。E项大部分垃圾被掩埋, 这浪费了宝贵的土地, 污染了水和土壤符合文意。40. 【解析】选F。根据上句Shanghai is not fighting alone in the battle against trash disposal, as trash sorting has been popular nationwide. 提到上海在对垃圾发起的战斗中并不孤单, 以及后句Thos
84、e cities will set up a basic system to classify and dispose of their household garbage by 2020. 提到更多城市将会加入这一行。故F项: The country plans to have 46 major Chinese cities to join in it, including Beijing and Guangzhou. (国家计划让46个主要城市加入, 包括北京和广州)符合文意。第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 从每题所给
85、的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。One of the most pressing challenges the world will face in the next few decades is how to relieve the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment. The consequences are just too great to 41. Wildlife habitats are disappearing as new developments 42
86、more land. Plant and animal species are getting in 43 at a greater rate now than at any time in Earths history. As many as 30 percent of the worlds fish stocks are over-exploited. And the list goes on. 44, there is reason to have hope for the future. Advances in computing power and molecular biology
87、 are45the tremendous increases in scientific capability that are helping researchers46a better understanding of these problems. Recent development in science and technology could provide the47for some major and timely actions that would improve our understanding of how human activities affect the en
88、vironment. One priority for research is improving hydrological forecasting. It is 48that the worlds water use will triple in the next two decades. Already, widespread water 49has occurred in parts of China, India, and North Africa. The need for water also is taking its toll on fresh water ecosystems
89、 in the United States. Only 2 percent of the nations streams are considered in good 50, and close to 40 percent of native fish species are threatened with 51. To 52 outbreaks of infectious diseases in plants, animals and human, more study is needed on how parasites (寄生虫) and disease-carrying species
90、 as well as humans and other species they 53 are affected by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics both in humans and in farm animals has 54 the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganism. Researchers can 55new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and predict t
91、he effects that environment changes might have on disease outbreaks. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要强调的是科学技术可能给环境研究带来的好处。41. A. notice B. consider C. ignore D. emphasize【解析】选C。句意: 后果太严重了而不容忽视。 notice注意; consider考虑; ignore忽略; emphasize强调。根据前句中“how to relieve the growing stress that human activities are placing on
92、the environment. ”可知, 人类活动对自然的破坏太严重, 所以我们不容忽视。42. A. take overB. get overC. set outD. make out【解析】选A。句意: 随着新的开发项目占用更多的土地, 野生动物栖息地正在消失。 take over接管, 占领; get over克服; set out出发; make out理解。根据上文中“Wildlife habitats are disappearing”可知, 野生动物栖息地正在消失的原因是新的开发项目占用更多的土地。43. A. dangerB. risk C. insecureD. chang
93、e【解析】选A。句意: 植物和动物物种正以地球历史上前所未有的速度处于危险之中。 danger危险; risk冒险; insecure不安全; change改变。根据上文可知, 人类活动对自然的破坏使得动植物物种处于危险之中。短语in danger在危险中。44. A. MoreoverB. Yet C. ThoughD. Since【解析】选B。句意: 然而, 我们有理由对未来抱有希望。 Moreover此外; Yet然而; Though尽管; Since自从。联系上下文可知, 这里用副词Yet, 表示转折关系。45. A. forB. overC. withD. among【解析】选D。句
94、意: 计算能力的提高以及分子生物学领域的进步就是科学能力取得巨大成就的一部分, 这些科学能力的提高正在帮助研究人员更好地了解这些问题。 for为了; over在上方; with伴随; among在中。计算能力的提高以及分子生物学领域的进步是科学能力取得巨大成就的一部分。46. A. holdB. receiveC. gainD. pay【解析】选C。句意: 计算能力的提高以及分子生物学领域的进步就是科学能力取得巨大成就的一部分, 这些科学能力的提高正在帮助研究人员更好地了解这些问题。 hold握住; receive接受; gain获得; pay付钱。短语gain a better unders
95、tanding of “获得对更好的理解”。47. A. basisB. groundC. positionD. stage【解析】选A。句意: 科学和技术的最近发展可以为一些重大和及时的行动提供基础, 这些行动将增进我们对人类活动如何影响环境的了解。 basis基础; ground地面; position位置; stage台阶。根据常识可知, 科学和技术的最近发展可以为一些重大和及时的行动提供基础。48. A. wishedB. hopedC. decidedD. estimated【解析】选D。句意: 据估计, 在接下来的二十年全球用水量将变成三倍。 wished希望; hoped希望;
96、decided决定; estimated估价。根据“that the worlds water use will triple in the next two decades. ”可知, 这是对未来的估计。49. A. supplyB. useC. pollutionD. shortage【解析】选D。句意: 中国、印度和北非的部分地区已经普遍缺水。 supply提供; use使用; pollution污染; shortage短缺。根据“The need for water also is taking its toll on fresh water ecosystems in the Uni
97、ted States. ”可知, 这些地区的水短缺。50. A. healthB. conditionC. situationD. case【解析】选B。句意: 只有2%的河流被认为处于良好状态, 近40%的本土鱼类面临灭绝的威胁。 health健康; condition条件; situation状况; case情况。根据“and close to 40 percent of native fish species are threatened with _. ”可知, 只有很少的河流处于良好状态。短语in good condition“处于良好状态”。51. A. enduranceB. v
98、iolenceC. introductionD. extinction【解析】选D。句意: 只有2%的河流被认为处于良好状态, 近40%的本土鱼类面临灭绝的威胁。endurance忍耐; violence暴力; introduction介绍; extinction消失。根据上文可知, 多数本土鱼类面临灭绝的威胁。52. A. copyB. produceC. preventD. ruin【解析】选C。句意: 为了阻止传染病在植物、动物及人类间的爆发。 copy复制; produce制造; prevent阻止; ruin毁坏。根据“more study is needed on how para
99、sites and disease-carrying species”可知, 更多的研究是为了阻止传染病在植物、动物及人类间的爆发。53. A. connectB. infectC. followD. study【解析】选B。句意: 以及它们感染人类和其他物种受到环境变化的影响。 connect连接; infect传染; follow跟随; study研究。根据“To _outbreaks of infectious diseases in plants, animals and human, ”中infectious提示可知, 寄生虫和疾病会传染人类和其他物种。54. A. contribu
100、ted toB. turned toC. referred toD. responded to【解析】选A。句意: 在人类和家畜中过度使用导致抗菌素耐药性微生物的增长。contributed to贡献, 导致; turned to求助; referred to提及; responded to回应。这里指人类过度使用抗生素所导致的结果。55. A. get along withB. take advantage ofC. pass downD. put up【解析】选B。句意: 研究人员可以利用遗传学和计算机技术的新技术更好地监测和预测环境变化对疾病爆发的影响。get along with相处;
101、 take advantage of利用; pass down传递; put up张贴。根据语境可知, 研究人员可以利用遗传学和计算机技术的新技术。第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Crows(乌鸦) are remarkably intelligent birds. Now these feathered geniuses are given a job: Six crows have been trained to pick up rubbish in the French historical them
102、e park in western France. Whenever the six crows put cigarette ends or other small 56. _ (piece) of trash in a special container, it offers a treat to reward the crows 57. _ their efforts. The idea came from one of the parks employees, Christophe. In 2012, the theme park held a show during which the
103、 crows 58. _(pick) up roses and brought them to a “princess”. It was the show that inspired him. Since then, six crows 59. _(raise) and trained to do the same with rubbish. The training system is similar to the one for testing crows intelligence, 60. _ a food dispenser(分配器) gives away a food reward
104、when a crow 61. _ (correct) performs a task. Christophe also introduced other species of birds to go through the training. 62. _ (compare) with other birds, crows are much cleverer. The purpose of 63. _(train) the crows is to educate the people to reflect on themselves. Since the birds are able to p
105、rotect the environment, we need to care about it too. “It is 64. _ funny way to remind people not 65. _(throw) the rubbish everywhere, ” said Christophe. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了在法国西部的一个主题公园, 六只乌鸦被训练捡垃圾, 目的是提醒人们不要随地扔垃圾。56. 【解析】pieces。句意: 每当这六只乌鸦把烟头或其他小垃圾放进一个特殊的容器里时, 它们的努力就会得到奖励。other 修饰可数名词复数, 故填pieces。57
106、. 【解析】for。根据句意可知, 此处表示“因而奖励”, 故填for。58. 【解析】picked。句意: 乌鸦捡起玫瑰。根据上下文可知, 此处为叙述过去发生的事情, 根据后文中的brought也可以判断此处为过去时。59. 【解析】have been raised。句意: 从那时起, 这六只乌鸦就被饲养并训练捡垃圾。Since then表明用现在完成时, six crows 与raise之间是被动关系, 所以用现在完成时的被动语态, 故填have been raised。60. 【解析】where。句意: 这个训练系统类似于乌鸦智力测试系统, 在这个测试系统中, 每当乌鸦正确地完成一项任务
107、时, 食物分配器会给出食物奖励。此处为非限制性定语从句, 从句中不缺主宾表, 缺少地点状语, 故填where。61. 【解析】correctly。此处修饰动词performs用副词, 故填correctly。62. 【解析】Compared。句意: 与其他鸟类相比, 乌鸦聪明得多。crows与compare之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动, 应该用过去分词作状语, 故填Compared。63. 【解析】training。句意: 训练乌鸦的目的是教育人们反省自己。作介词of的宾语用动名词, 故填training。64. 【解析】a。句意: 这是一个提醒人们不要随地扔垃圾的有趣的方式。way是可
108、数名词, 用不定冠词表示泛指, 故填a。65. 【解析】to throw。句意参考上题解析, remind sb. to do表示“提醒某人做某事”, 故填to throw。第四部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是某国际学校的学生李华。你市正在实施垃圾分类, 请你给21st Century投稿。内容包括: 1. 垃圾分类的好处; 2. 你打算如何做; 3. 你的倡议。参考词汇: 垃圾分类garbage classification注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。Dear editor, _Yours, Li Hua【参考范文】Dea
109、r editor, Im Li Hua, a student from Fuxing International School. In order to deal with waste scientifically and effectively, our city has started to promote garbage classification this year. I approve of the new idea completely because it can not only reduce the harm done to the environment but also
110、 save resources through recycling. As a responsible citizen, Ill try to learn basic knowledge about how to sort garbage and apply what I learn to practice. Meanwhile, Ill tell people around me about the importance and necessity of the program, which will inspire them to classify garbage voluntarily.
111、 Lets get involved in this program. I believe that through joint efforts the Earth will become a cleaner and more comfortable place to live in. Yours, Li Hua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。CLEAN UP YOUR BUTTS AND BAGSAll sorts of items become litter, but two of the most common and most dangerou
112、s are cigarette butts and plastic bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment, but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about. Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment. Although cig
113、arette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. Over 1, 600 billion cigarettes are smoked each year in China and large quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4. 5 trillion butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the environment,
114、they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they decrease the quality of the water and endanger plants and animals that live there. Because there are so many butts and because they can take up to 5 years to break down, the toxic chemicals add up to a larg
115、e amount. So, if people have to smoke, they should not throw away the butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead. Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There are several reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are non-renewable resourc
116、es, if they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. An enormous number of these become litter. This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1, 000 years in the environment. They float easily in air and water and travel long distan
117、ces. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100, 000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide. When the animal dies and breaks down, the plastic bag can become free again to kill another animal. It is up to people not to let
118、plastic bags become litter. It would be better if they used fewer and recycled them. Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment. The earth would be a better place because it would be less polluted. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our
119、planet. However, I believe the best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all. _【参考范文】Cigarette butts and plastic bags are the most serious litter problems, but people can help deal with them. Cigarette butts, which destroy the beautiful environment and endanger life with poisonous c
120、hemicals, should be put into dustbins. Plastic bags, made from non-renewable resources, can exist in different places for a long time, killing countless animals. So people had better use fewer and recycle them. Cleaning up butts and bags will make the world better. 读后续写阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构
121、成一篇完整的短文。If theres one thing I cant stand people saying, its, “Im no good at anything. . . I dont have any talent. ” I just dont buy that at all. To me, everyone has at least one talent, and while it sometimes takes you a lifetime to find, it does exist. There was a time when I didnt believe that. W
122、hat changed my mind was a seemingly small event that took place in 1953. At that time I was a high school student. I was a funny-looking skinny boy, who weighed barely 100 pounds. I was a good student, but as far as I was concerned, in just about every other department I was a loser. I wanted to fit
123、 in, to be someone and do something well. But I hadnt found anything I was good at. One sunny afternoon, our gym class went out to the schools running track. The teacher taught us all various track and field events. I was a loser in all of them. Then came the javelin(标枪). Suddenly something inside m
124、e began saying, “Try it! Try it! ”I had to wait my turn, though, trying not to look too eager. Finally, when everyone had had a chance to throwthe best throw going about 30 yardsI looked at the teacher. “Hey, Orowitz, you want to try? ”he asked. Embarrassed, I looked down, but managed to nod my head
125、. “Well, come on then, ” he said impatiently, and handed me the javelin. Behind me I could hear some of my classmates laughing. As I grasped the javelin in my hand, I was seized with a strange feelinga new-found excitement. For some crazy reason, I was relaxed over what I was about to do, even thoug
126、h Id never done it before. I raised the javelin over my head, took six quick steps and let the thing go. The same voice that had urged me to throw it, now told me it was a good throw. 注意: 续写词数应为150左右。I watched as the javelin took off. My heart quickened. . . _That night I took the javelin home with
127、me. _【参考范文】I watched as the javelin took off. My heart quickened as I saw it continue to sail 30 yards out, then 40. As it went past the 50-yard mark, it was still going. For a minute nothing was said. Then someone whispered, “Holy cow! ”And others began cheering. Nobody could believe what little Or
128、owitz had just done. I took the javelin back to the gym teacher. “You keep the thing, ”he said, still shaking his head in wonder. That night I took the javelin home with me. The very next day I began practicing with it, and every day that summerfor six hours or moreI would throw it in a nearby schoo
129、lyard. By the time I was a member of the track team, all my practice paid off. I threw the javelin 211 feet that year, the best throw by any high-school boy in the country. I feel strongly that we must keep our minds open, and we cant let ourselves be discouraged or depressed when the talent doesnt readily appear.
