1、专题06 冠词的基本用法一：冠词三条最常用原则：(语法填空一定要考加冠词，而且“the”居多。)1. 未知、待定事物前加冠词a1). 不定冠词表示某一的概念，相当于one。 She is a nurse and she works in a hospital.2). 泛指：Ask a girl to dance with you. 邀请一位女生和你跳舞。3). 说话双方都第一次提到，相当于a certain： A car is waiting for you at the gate.4). 表示一类人：She is a pianist. A child needs love. An uprig
2、ht man should be honest and fair. 5). 表示一场，一阵、一股、一份等（抽象名词具体化）: There was a heavy rain falling. A strong wind passed my face. This is a wonderful tea. Please bring me a large coffee. 2. 已知、既定事物前加冠词the1). 定冠词the表示这(那)个，相当于this(these),或者that(those)2). 特指：Ask the girl to dance with you. 邀请那位女士和你跳舞。3). 说
3、话双方心知肚明的事物,第二次提到的事物。 The bus has left. We have to wait for the next one. Pass me the dictionary. (双方肯定都知道哪本字典) Did you attend the opening ceremony? 4). 表示一类事物：The whale is in danger of becoming dying out. The computer has changed our way of life. The government will help the poor. 5). 世界上独一无二的东西 (宇宙
4、，地理术语江河湖海山脉海峡) The earth goes around the sun. 3. 对已知事物追加新的性质、状态、特征的时候用冠词a。 Meeting my uncle is an unforgettable moment, one(=a moment) I will always treasure. 二、其他情况。1. 形容词前面加冠词the,表示一类人或事物，做主语时谓语用复数多。 The rich are not always kind.2在序词前加a,表示又一，再一 。 The cake is delicious. I want a second piece.3Most如
5、果表示很，非常，加冠词a, He is a most clever boy. 他是一个非常聪明的孩子。 He is the cleverest boy among the class. 他是最聪明的孩子 。4. second to something. He is second to none in the competition. 他在比赛的时候获得了第一。 He is fourth to Jim. 三、零冠词。 1). 一般抽象名词不带冠词。(time, history, nature, life, space等) The music is full of life. Where ther
6、e is life, there is hope. 2). 单独年月日(季节、月份、日期)，一天之内的特定点(daybreak, dusk, dawn, noon, night, midnight, sunset, sunrise)前，一般不用冠词，但是具体某个时刻时加冠词“the”。 I was born in April. I was born in 1978.I was born on April the 8th ，1978.= I was born on the 8th of April 1978.总结： “in 年 in 月 on the 日, on月写日再写年。” Flowers
7、are everywhere in the garden in summer. War broke out in the summer of 1938. At daybreak we started out our journey. (in the early morning, afternoon, evening)We use water for drinking. 3). 复数直接表示一类事物。 Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物Boys will be boys. 男孩子就是男孩子。 4). 官职前面省略冠词。He was chosen chairman
8、 of the hospital. 5). 固定短语 have a rest, have a good time, have lunch, with pleasure, it is a pleasure, it is a pity, it is a shame, in surprise, with caution, from day to day, door to door, in case of, at (the) sight of, catch sight of, lose sight of, in favor of, in praise of, in need of, in want o
9、f, a second day四、特例特殊记忆。这些短语大部分可以看成是“例行公事”，即有可能每天都要做的事情，所以不带冠词。一旦加冠词，就表示某一个特定的地点或特定的事件。go to church去做礼拜go to the church,去教堂(不一定去做礼拜)at table进餐at the table在桌边(不一定吃饭)at school在校学习at the school在学校里(不一定学习)go to clinic去看病go to the clinic去诊所(不一定看病)in charge of主动(人做主语)in the charge of被动（事物做主语）at sea出海at th
10、e sea在海边in red穿红色的衣服in the red财政赤字in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱里(不一定坐牢)in front of在前面(在外)in the front of在前面(在内)in possession of表示“主动”in the possession of表示“被动”五、语法练习： 1).If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. Athe; the B不填；a Cthe; aD不填；不填2).Yo
11、ur story is perfect; Ive never heard _before.A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one 3).Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? -Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; theB. the; a C. /; theD. the; /4). Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours
12、without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the5). What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC knowledge of oil painting. A. a；不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the6). I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of_ music in the film we saw yesterday?A. /; / B. the; the C. t
13、he; / D. /; the 7). It is generally accepted that _boy must learn to stand up and fight like_man.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填8).As he reached _front door, Jack saw_ strange sight.A. the; 不填B. a; the C. 不填；a D. the; a9). Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; t
14、he C. the; 不填 D. the; a10). He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填11). Lifeislike_ocean;Only_strong-willedcanreachtheothershore.A.an;theB.the;aC.the/D./a12). TheychoseTomtobe_captainoftheteambecausetheyknewhewas_smartl
15、eader.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a13). Icanttellyou_waytotheWilsonsbecausewedonthave_Wilsonhereinthevillage.A.the;aB.a;/C.a:theD.the;14). Now, years later, this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 15). The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)
16、. They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 16). This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 64 rise of science, changes began. 17). Tom is _ taller of the two boys. 18). This great occasion(盛会) will be _ National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK. 19). The
17、 flying car can reach around 70 miles _hour on the road and 115 in _ air. 20). But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car _reality 21). Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough
18、data. 22). When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. 23). Imagine _child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: Should I jump? 24). Bacteria are _ annoying problem for astrona
19、uts. The microorganisms（微生物） from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.25). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about _rest of the week,” he said. “Its a chance for self-reflection.”26). There was _ t
20、ime when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.27). The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming _ invaluable member of the te
21、am.28). Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeand _uniquestyle.29). We were first greeted with _barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.30). Before _1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year.答案：1-13B C B A D, DADCC, ACA14.the,15.the, 16.the, 17.the, 18.the, 19.a, 20.an, the, 21the, 22. a, 23.a, 24.an, 25.the, 26.a, 27. an, 28.an, 29. the, 30. the
