1、北京市顺义区2020届高三英语第一次统练试题（含解析）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。I never met Aunt Helen until the day when Mother sent me over to visit her with some chicken soup. I _1_ (learn) that she had slipped on the stairs and hurt her ank
2、le badly. The door opened almost immediately upon my knocking _2_ it. In front of me stood an old lady _3_ looked so neat and elegant that I was quite surprised. I had never realized that an old woman could be “beautiful”.【答案】1. learned/learnt 2. at/on 3. who/that【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有一天妈妈带作者去看望海伦阿姨
3、，并描述了作者见到海伦阿姨时的感受。【1题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我听说她在楼梯上滑了一跤，脚踝受了重伤。根据上文中的met可知时态是一般过去时；且此句主语是I，that she had slipped on the stairs and hurt her ankle badly是宾语从句，可知此处缺少谓语，learn的过去式是learned或learnt。故填learned/learnt。【2题详解】考查介词。句意：我一敲门，门就开了。敲门为“knock at/on”为固定短语。故填at/on。【3题详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：站在我前面的是一位老太太，她看上去是如此整洁又优雅，以
4、至于我感到很惊讶。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是an old lady，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此关系词要用who/that。故填who/that。【点睛】第1小题考查了一般过去时的用法。一般过去时肯定句的基本结构：“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+was/were+其他”。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起
5、床。My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。It is a terrible habit to put off doing things until tomorrow. One way to get rid of it is to change _4_ we are doing gradually. We can start with a daily schedule of the things we need to fin
6、ish. If we begin to follow our own schedule for each day, we will stop delaying, becoming highly efficient and well-organized. Life will become far less difficult and each day will be _5_ (easy) to face. We will certainly feel much better too, because we will know that we can overcome our weakness a
7、nd improve _6_ (we).【答案】4. what 5. easier 6. ourselves【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了摆脱拖延习惯的一个方法是逐渐改变我们正在做的事情，可以从我们需要完成的事情的日常安排开始。这样我们可以克服自己的弱点，提高自己。【4题详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：摆脱它的一种方法是逐渐改变我们正在做的事情。根据is to change可知此处是一个宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，由we are doing可知此处要用what，表示“什么”，且what在从句中作are doing的宾语。故填what。【5题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：生活会变得简单得多
8、，每天都更容易面对。根据Life will become far less difficult可知此处要用形容词的比较级作will be的表语。故填easier。【6题详解】考查反身代词。句意：我们也一定会感觉好多了，因为我们知道我们可以克服自己的弱点，提高自己。根据improve可知此处要接宾语，由主语we可知此处要用反身代词ourselves。主语与宾语为同一个人或者事物时，宾语用反身代词。故填ourselves。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mount Tai is one of Chinas
9、 most famous _7_ (mountain) because it is a perfect combination of culture and natural landscapes. _8_ (locate) in central Shandong Province, Mount Tai _9_ (rise) 1,545 meters above sea level. Its highest peak (山峰) Yuhuangding stands over deep valleys and above other peaks. A seemingly endless fligh
10、t of stone steps leads you to the Heavenly Southern Date where you look around in the distance, _10_ (enjoy) the wonderful views of beauty beyond beauty and scenery beyond scenery.【答案】7. mountains 8. Located 9. rises 10. enjoying【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了泰山的相关信息。【7题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：泰山是中国最著名的山脉之一，因为它是文化和自然景观
11、的完美结合。根据one of Chinas most famous可知此处要用名词的复数形式，mountain是可数名词。故填mountains。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：泰山位于山东省中部，海拔1545米。固定短语be located in，表示“坐落于”，其逻辑主语是Mount Tai，因此用过去分词形式做状语。故填Located。【9题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：泰山位于山东省中部，海拔1545米。根据1,545 meters above sea level可知时态是一般现在时，且主语是Mount Tai，因此此处动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填rises。【10题详解】考查非谓语
12、动词。句意：一段看似无穷无尽的石阶将你引向 Heavenly Southern Date，在那里你可以远眺四周，享受美景之外的美丽景色。根据A seemingly endless flight of stone steps leads you to the Heavenly Southern Date可知此处要用非谓语动词，且由enjoy的逻辑主语是you，它们之间为主动关系，所以此处要用现在分词作状语。故填enjoying。【点睛】第3小题考查了一般现在时的用法。一般现在时的用法：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作
13、。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的结构：1.be动词：主语+be（am，is，are）其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词（+其它）。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数（he，she，it）时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题
14、所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A picture with a dog in a hospital room visiting a patient has recently attracted the attention of millions of people.The patient is a man who is the dogs owner. They are the best friends. The dog, named Rusty, always does what the man wants it to do. They had sepa
15、rated from each other since the man was ill in hospital.The _11_ dog in the picture was saying goodbye to his _12_ as he lay in his hospital bed because he was badly ill. It is obvious that he is coming to the end of his life.Emily, the mans sister, _13_ the picture on Reddit a social networking sit
16、e. It has been _14_, written about and commented on thousands of times. Thousands upon thousands of _15_ have opened their wallets to help the _16_ mans family with the increasing bills in the hospital.The man in the hospital bed is Mike Petrosino, 27 years old. He was 13 when he was first _17_ with
17、 a rare form of cancer that _18_ soft tissue, bones as well as other parts of the human body. “Hes in a lot of pain, but he tries to show that he is _19_ so that he can make others worry less about him,” Emily said. “We are told there is nothing else he can do.”Friends and family have come _20_ to s
18、ay their goodbyes. And the photo, taken by Mikes brother, John, _21_ one very special goodbye, when the Petrosinos family dog, Rusty, came to Mikes hospital bedside.Emily said it was “_22_” the way in which the world _23_ to the photo. Many people followed the photo to the familys to Funding page. M
19、ore than $30,000 has been _24_ so far. “To see these people who dont know whom they are donating money to, it is really _25_,” Emily said. “We all really _26_ it.”“Its a great photo. You can see theres a lot of _27_ in that photo,” said Emily, “People really understand the meaning of it. When you se
20、e something that cuts through the emotion, it really _28_ you.” Emily posted this update about an hour ago, “An ambulance is coming to _29_ Mike soon to bring him home for Christmas. Again thank you all for your donations and kind words and prayers. There are so many _30_ people in the world.”11. A.
21、 valuableB. dangerousC. faithfulD. curious12. A. masterB. managerC. holderD. boss13. A. changedB. drewC. postedD. updated14. A. publishedB. sharedC. printedD. described15. A. officersB. strangersC. visitorsD. doctors16. A. dyingB. recoveringC. sleepingD. crying17. A. detectedB. decidedC. operatedD.
22、identified18. A. discoversB. preventsC. attacksD. crashes19. A. responsibleB. reliableC. changeableD. comfortable20. A. normallyB. sadlyC. simplyD. secretly21. A. showedB. developedC. expectedD. explained22. A. promisingB. amusingC. interestingD. amazing23. A. respondedB. appliedC. referredD. replie
23、d24 A. earnedB. achievedC. raisedD. delivered25. A. touchingB. embarrassingC. annoyingD. relaxing26. A. practiceB. appreciateC. imagineD. experience27. A. passionB. loveC. dangerD. sympathy28. A. remindsB. warnsC. recallsD. hits29. A. bring upB. wake upC. pick upD. dress up30. A. pitifulB. thankfulC
24、. usefulD. wonderful【答案】11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一张狗狗在病房探望主人的照片在社交网站Reddit引起了数百万人的关注，这张照片引来成千上万的陌生人打开他们的钱包为Mike Petrosino的医疗费用捐款。虽然Mike Petrosino处于垂死的边缘，但是陌生人的帮助让他的家人非常感动。【11题详解】考查形容词词义
25、辨析。句意：图片中的这只忠诚的狗狗和躺在医院的病床上主人告别，因为他病得很重。A. valuable有价值的贵重的；B. dangerous危险的；C. faithful忠实的，忠诚的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文The dog, named Rusty, always does what the man wants it to do.可知此处表示狗是忠诚的。故选C。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：图片中的这只忠诚的狗狗和躺在医院的病床上主人告别，因为他病得很重。A. master大师，主人；B. manager经理，管理者；C. holder持有人，所有人；D. boss老板，
26、首领，工头。根据上文The patient is a man who is the dogs owner.可知忠诚的狗狗和躺在医院的病床上主人告别。故选A。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这名男子的姐姐Emily在社交网站Reddit上发布了这张照片。A. changed改变；B. drew画，牵引；C. posted贴出，发布，邮寄；D. updated更新。根据上文A picture with a dog in a hospital room visiting a patient has recently attracted the attention of millions of
27、people.可知此处表示在社交网站Reddit上发布了这张照片。故选C。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这张照片被分享、撰写和评论了数千次。A. published出版，发行；B. shared分享；C. printed印刷，出版；D. described描述，描写。根据written about and commented on thousands of times.可知此处表示这张照片被分享了。故选B。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的陌生人打开了他们的钱包，帮助这个垂死的人的家人应付医院里不断增加的账单。A. officers军官，人员；B. strangers陌生
28、人；C. visitors游客；D. doctors医生。根据下文To see these people who dont know whom they are donating money to可知此处表示是陌生人帮助了他的家人应付医院里不断增加的账单。故选B。【16题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的陌生人打开了他们的钱包，帮助这个垂死的人的家人支付医院里不断增加的账单。A. dying垂死的，临终时的；B. recovering恢复的；C. sleeping睡着的；D. crying嚎哭的。根据上文It is obvious that he is coming to the en
29、d of his life.可知此处表示这个男子是垂死的人。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在13岁时首次被诊断出患有一种罕见的癌症，这种癌症会攻击人体的软组织、骨骼和其他部位。A. detected发现，探测，检测；B. decided决定；C. operated运转，操作，运行；D. identified鉴定，辨别。根据a rare form of cancer可知此处表示被诊断出患有一种罕见的癌症。故选D。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在13岁时首次被诊断出患有一种罕见的癌症，这种癌症会攻击人体的软组织、骨骼和其他部位。A. discovers发现；B. pre
30、vents阻止，预防；C. attacks攻击；D. crashes猛撞，奔溃，坠落。根据soft tissue, bones as well as other parts of the human body可知此处表示这种癌症会攻击人体的软组织、骨骼和其他部位。故选C。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Emily说：“他很痛苦，但他努力表现得很舒服，这样别人就不会那么担心他了。”A. responsible负责的，可靠的；B. reliable可靠的，可信赖的；C. changeable无常的，可变化的；D. comfortable舒服的，舒适的。根据so that he can ma
31、ke others worry less about him可知此处表示他努力表现得很舒服。故选D。【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：朋友和家人悲伤地前来道别。A. normally正常地，通常地；B. sadly悲伤地；C. simply仅仅，简单地；D. secretly秘密地，背地里。根据根据常识以及to say their goodbyes可知此处表示悲伤地前来道别。故选B。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这张照片是由Mike的哥哥John拍摄的。照片中，Petrosino家的狗Rusty来到Mike的病床前，显示了这是一次非常特别的告别。A. showed显示；B. deve
32、loped发展；C. expected预期，盼望；D. explained解释。根据one very special goodbye可知此处表示显示了这是一次非常特别的告别。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Emily说，全世界人们对这张照片的反应“令人惊讶”。A. promising有希望的，有前途的；B. amusing有趣的，好玩的；C. interesting有趣的；D. amazing令人惊讶的。根据下文More than $30,000 has been _14_ so far.可知此处表示全世界人们对这张照片的反应“令人惊讶”。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析
33、。句意：Emily说，全世界人们对这张照片的反应“令人惊讶”。A. responded回答，回报；B. applied应用；C. referred参考，查阅；D. replied报复。根据Many people followed the photo to the familys to Funding page.可知此处表示全世界对这张照片的反应。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，已经筹集了3万多美元。A. earned赚，挣得；B. achieved实现，达到；C. raised筹集，提高，举起；D. delivered递送，发表。根据More than $30,000
34、可知此处表示筹集到了3万多美元。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Emily说：“看到这些不知道自己在给谁捐款的人，真的很令人感动。”A. touching令人感动的，令人同情的；B. embarrassing令人为难的；C. annoying讨厌的，恼人的；D. relaxing令人放松的。根据To see these people who dont know whom they are donating money to可知这是令人感动的。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们都很感激。”A. practice练习，实践；B. appreciate欣赏，感激；C
35、. imagine想象，猜想；D. experience经验，经历。根据常识可知，对于别人的帮助，自然是表示感激。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一张很棒的照片。你可以看到这张照片里有很多爱。A. passion激情，热情；B. love爱；C. danger危险；D. sympathy同情。根据I上文可知，很多人项迈克捐了款，所以张照片里承载着很多的爱。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你看到能穿透这种情绪的东西时，它真的会击中你的内心。A. reminds提醒；B. warns警告；C. recalls召回；D. hits击中。根据something tha
36、t cuts through the emotion可知此处表示击中你的内心。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一辆救护车很快就会来接Mike，把他带回家过圣诞节。A. bring up提出，教育，养育；B. wake up醒过来；C. pick up接送，捡起，获得；D. dress up打扮，装扮。根据to bring him home for Christmas可知此处表示一辆救护车送Mike回家过圣诞节。故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界上有那么多好人。A. pitiful可怜的，令人同情的；B. thankful感谢的；C. useful有用的，有益
37、的；D. wonderful极好的，精彩的。根据Again thank you all for your donations and kind words and prayers.可知此处表示世界上有那么多好人。故选D。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第3小题要求Emily什么了这张照片，根据A picture with a dog in a hospital room visiting a patient has recently attracted the attention of millions o
38、f people可知此处表示这名男子的姐姐Emily在社交网站Reddit上发布了这张照片。故选C项。还能根据生活常识进行解答。例如，第10小题要求判断朋友和家人来道别的状态，根据常识和句中to say their goodbyes可知此处表示朋友和家人是悲伤地前来道别。故选B项。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AProbably you have visited Disney somewhere, but have you ever visited Disn
39、ey in Florida of American We strongly recommend you to visit it and this article provides some ideas to help you.There are two activities for you to choose in Florida. One is Walt Disney World in the city of Orlando, and the other is Disney Cruise Line, situated in the city of Cape Canaveral on the
40、Atlantic Coast.Choose the time when you want to go. The best times to go to Disney in Florida are: Mid-November through mid-December (except the week of Thanksgiving Day). The weather is usually cool but pleasant, the Christmas decorations are up and special events are running. Besides, there are no
41、t so many people in there during this time, except crowds on Saturdays, especially at the Magic Kingdom. Second week of January through mid-February. It is cool at this time of year. This is one of the least busy times of year and hotel prices are lower. However, some events will be closed at this t
42、ime of year. The first week of January can be busy due to extended holiday vacations and the Walt Disney World Marathon. Avoid any holiday weekends. First three weeks of May. The weather is warm in May. Crowds and hotel prices are suitable. Memorial Day weekend will be more crowded, but not often as
43、 bad as you might imagine. Late August and entire month of September. We don t suggest you choose this time to visit it because it will be extremely hot, and this is the peak hurricane season. However, crowds are low during this time and you can visit water parks. Some hotels usually have their rock
44、-bottom deals during this period and Disney has offered “free dinner” in this time each year since 2017.31. The two activities are in _ of America.A. different townsB. different statesC. the same stateD. the same city32. You can choose _ to go to visit if you want a lower hotel price.A. Mid-November
45、B. Mid-FebruaryC. Late AugustD. First three weeks of May33. The main purpose of this passage is to _.A. encourage people to visit Disney in winterB. introduce how people can go to Disney easilyC. tell us something about Disney in different countriesD. recommend us suitable time to visit Disney in Fl
46、orida【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章为我们推荐了一个合适的时间去参观佛罗里达州的迪斯尼乐园。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段There are two activities for you to choose in Florida. One is Walt Disney World in the city of Orlando, and the other is Disney Cruise Line, situated in the city of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Coast.在佛罗里达州有两项活动供
47、你选择。一个是奥兰多市的迪斯尼乐园，另一个是位于大西洋海岸卡纳维拉尔角的迪斯尼游轮公司。可知，这两个活动在美国的同一个州。故选C项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中Second week of January through mid-February. It is cool at this time of year. This is one of the least busy times of year and hotel prices are lower. 1月第二周至2月中旬。每年的这个时候天气很凉爽。这是一年中最不繁忙的时间之一，酒店价格也更低。可知，如果你想要一个较低的酒店价格，
48、你可以选择2月中旬去参观。故选B项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Probably you have visited Disney somewhere, but have you ever visited Disney in Florida of American We strongly recommend you to visit it and this article provides some ideas to help you. 你可能去过迪斯尼的某个地方，但是你去过美国佛罗里达州的迪斯尼乐园吗？我们强烈推荐你去那里看看，这篇文章提供了一些建议来帮助你。可知，这篇文章的主要目的是
49、为我们推荐一个合适的时间去参观佛罗里达州的迪斯尼乐园。故选D项。BCory Nichols whole life changed after he watched the documentary (纪录片) Hard Times: Lost on Long Island. This documentary follows four different families over six months as they struggle with unemployment. Cory knew he had to help any way that he could.He founded an o
50、rganization named “C the Difference”. The first step of his charity was to advertise. Using his own money, Cory had orange bracelets (手链) made. Now, he has sold the bracelets. A lot of people who are willing to donate bought them. “Weve gotten donations from $5 to $500,” Cory said. “Every dollar rea
51、lly helps.”Since founding the organization “C the Difference”, Cory has gotten the word out through e-mail and social media. He has managed to get upwards of $7,500, and the amount will keep rising each month. For Cory, his work is truly rewarding, and he loves knowing that people less fortunate tha
52、n him are really benefiting from all the donations. Once he said, “I was in the pantry (食品室) one time when a woman was taking food, and she was grateful for what I was doing. That made me feel great.”Corys work has been truly remarkable. These past years he was recognized for “C the Difference” and
53、was a recipient (获得者) of the New York State Prudential Spirit of Community Award. Cory was honored when he found out the news, and even more shocked when he found out that he was one of only 102 winners out of the 28,000 applicants. As a recipient, Cory got to travel to Washington D.C. with the othe
54、r winners.There are bright things in Corys future. First, he wants to keep doing well in school. “I think school is really important to be successful in life.” In addition, Cory wants to keep “C the Difference” going through high school. “I am continuing to get donations, and to get younger kids and
55、 my peers involved to help each month.”34. After watching the documentary, Cory _.A. set up a charity organizationB. found a job in Long IslandC. donated money immediatelyD. felt the documentary interesting35. Cory tried to raise enough money by _.A. wearing a ring and a braceletB. phoning to his fr
56、iendsC. spreading the word outD. collecting from his classmates36. Cory felt _ after he knew he was given an award.A. embarrassed and surprisedB. interested and delightedC. honored and shockedD. ashamed and frightened37. We can infer from the passage that Cory will _.A. travel in Long Island aloneB.
57、 stop raising moneyC. study in WashingtonD. go on his charity【答案】34. A 35. C 36. C 37. D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Cory Nichols创建了一个名为C the Difference的慈善组织，Cory通过电子邮件和社交媒体传播该组织，筹集捐款，让那些不幸运的人真的从所有的捐赠中受益。他出色的工作获得了社区的认可。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Cory Nichols whole life changed after he watched the documentary (纪录片) Ha
58、rd Times: Lost on Long Island. Cory Nichols的整个生活在他观看了纪录片艰难时刻：迷失长岛之后发生了改变；以及第二段中He founded an organization named “C the Difference”. The first step of his charity was to advertise.他成立了一个名为C the Difference的组织。他慈善事业的第一步是做广告。可知，看完纪录片后，Cory成立了一个慈善组织。故选A项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Since founding the organization
59、 “C the Difference”, Cory has gotten the word out through e-mail and social media.He has managed to get upwards of $7,500, and the amount will keep rising each month. 自成立C the Difference组织以来，Cory通过电子邮件和社交媒体传播了这个词。他已经筹集了7500多美元，而且这个数额将继续每月增加可知，Cory试图通过传播这个词来筹集足够的资金。故选C项。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Cory was
60、honored when he found out the news, and even more shocked when he found out that he was one of only 102 winners out of the 28,000 applicants. Cory得知这个消息后感到很荣幸，但更令他震惊的是，在28000名申请者中，他是仅有的102名获奖者之一。可知，得知自己获奖后，Cory感到既荣幸又震惊。故选C项。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中In addition, Cory wants to keep “C the Difference” going
61、 through high school. “I am continuing to get donations, and to get younger kids and my peers involved to help each month.” 此外，Cory还想让C the Difference贯穿整个高中。“我还在继续接受捐款，每个月都让更小的孩子和我的同龄人参与帮忙。”可知，我们可以从文章中推断Cory将继续他的慈善事业。故选D项。CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent ti
62、me there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten milli
63、on people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the sprea
64、d of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant (占优势的) languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 language
65、s. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the America about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia
66、 and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Cuinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extincti
67、on (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (8 remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (2 or 3) or Wadjigu in Australia (1, with a question-mark); none of these seems to have much chance of survival.38. What can we lea
68、rn about language development from the passage?A. Globalization has brought about more new languages.B. Settling down makes people develop more kinds of languages.C. Education is one of the reasons for some languages disappearance.D. Around 1,000 languages only have a few elderly speakers left.39. W
69、hat does he underlined word “ uneven” in Paragraph 3 probably meansA. Not equal.B. Not narrow.C. Not limited.D. Not good.40. About how many kinds of languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. 6800.B. 2,400.C. 3,400.D. 1,200.41. What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. Human being
70、 has created a great number of languages.B. Language disappearance leads to the extinction of some cultures.C. Geography is one factor of language evolution.D. Globalized events cause languages to be fewer.【答案】38. C 39. A 40. C 41. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言减少甚至灭绝的现象，并分析了其原因。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中In recent
71、 centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant (占优势的) languages such as English, Spanish
72、and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 近几个世纪以来，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和义务教育的普及，尤其是全球化和过去几十年更好的交流，都导致许多语言消失，占优势的语言如英语、西班牙语和汉语正在日益取代它们。可知，教育是一些语言消失的原因之一。故选C项。【39题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spok
73、en by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. 这些语言分布极其_。一般的规律是，温和地区的语言相对较少，通常由许多人使用；而炎热、潮湿地区的语言较多，通常由少数人使用。由对比温和地区和炎热、潮湿地区的语言数目，可知，语言分布是不平衡的，因此猜测划线词uneven意为“不平衡的”。故选A项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The median number (中位数) of sp
74、eakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 目前，世界上大约有6800种语言。平均使用人数只有6000人，这意味着世界上有一半的语言使用人数比这还要少。可知，目前大约有3400种语言的使用者少于6000人。故选C项。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent time there has
75、been less coming and a lot more going. 语言的产生和消失已经有几千年的历史了，但在最近的时间里，出现的语言越来越少，消失的语言却越来越多；以及第二段中In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decade
76、s, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant (占优势的) languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 近几个世纪以来，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和义务教育的普及，尤其是全球化和过去几十年更好的交流，都导致许多语言消失，占优势的语言如英语、西班牙语和汉语正在日益取代他们。可知，本文主要介绍并分析了语言减少甚至灭绝的现象和原因，因此选项D“全球化事件导致语言更少”符合题意。故选D项。DYou can take
77、fish oil supplements (补充剂). You can invest in a language class, books, or a few hours of exercise every week. There are countless methods to improve your memory. But the cheapest, easiest, and most time-tested way to make your brain think isreading. Theres something astonishing about how such an ord
78、inary activity can improve your brain in so many ways.The most basic impact occurs in the area associated with language reception in your brain. Processing written materialfrom the letters to the words to the sentences to the stories themselvesget the neurons (神经元) to attention as they start the wor
79、k of transporting all that information. “Typically, when you read, you have more time to think.” says Maryanne Wolf, director of the UCLA Center for Diverse Learners. “Reading gives you a unique pause button for comprehension and insight. By and large, with oral languagewhen you watch a film or list
80、en to a tapeyou dont press pause.”And the benefits of reading continue long after youve put down that great book. A small study at Emory University found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. “We call that a shadow activity, almost like a muscle memory,” says Gregory Berns, PhD, director
81、 of the Center for Neuron Policy at Emory.OK, you say, its hardly surprising that the language part of the brain would get a workout from reading. But reading also makes the region responsible for motor activitythe central sulcus (中央沟)energetic. Thats because the brain is a play actor. You may not a
82、ctually be riding a horse when youre reading Seabiscuit, but your brain acts as if it is. And the more parts of your brain that get a workout, the better it is for your overall cognitive (认知的) performance. Generally speaking, close literary reading, like a Jane Austen novel, in particular gives your
83、 brain a major workout, as opposed to the more limited effects that come from more leisurely reading.What if you are a poor, or even a dyslexic reader who feels as if youll never be able to read enough to gain these benefits? The study shows the ability to read closely is something that needs to be
84、developed. In her new book, Reader, Come Home, Wolf notes that even she, who reads for a living, has found her ability to concentrate on the written word weakening as more of what we read is on a screen. That sets up a negative cycle: Without the continuing exercise of our reading “muscles”, the bra
85、in loses its ability to control the complex processes that allow us to read deeply.Of course, theres an easy solution: Turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two and just read.42. Which is NOT TRUE about readings?A. Reading and speaking can equally make our brain sharp.B. Th
86、e benefits of reading dont disappear immediately.C. Reading classics can exercise our brain more than daily newspapers.D. We should avoid too much reading on our mobile phones.43. The book Seabiscuit in Paragraph 4 is probably about _.A. how our brain works in readingB. the life story of Jane Austen
87、C. how to exercise and keep fitD. the story of a champion racing horse44. What does the underlined word “dyslexic” in Paragraph 5 probably means?A. ActiveB. EnthusiasticC. DifficultD. Careful45. The passage is written to _.A. show how to improve your reading comprehensionB. assess the results of kee
88、ping longtime readingC. analyze the function of different parts of our brainD. explain the benefits of reading on our brain【答案】42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了阅读能改善你大脑的记忆力。建议读者关掉你的手机和电脑，留出一两个小时好好读书。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中There are countless methods to improve your memory. But the cheapest, easie
89、st, and most time-tested way to make your brain think isreading. 有无数的方法可以提高你的记忆力。但是让你的大脑思考的最便宜、最简单、最久经考验的方法就是阅读。可知，阅读是让你的大脑思考的最便宜、最简单、最久经考验的方法，因此选项A“阅读和说话同样可以使我们的大脑敏锐。”是错误的。故选A项。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中You may not actually be riding a horse when youre reading Seabiscuit, but your brain acts as if it is.
90、当你在阅读奔腾年代的时候，你可能并没有真的在骑马，但是你的大脑却表现得好像真的在骑马一样。可知，奔腾年代可能是关于冠军赛马的故事。故选D项。【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段中What if you are a poor, or even a dyslexic reader who feels as if youll never be able to read enough to gain these benefits? The study shows the ability to read closely is something that needs to be developed. 如
91、果你是一个低于正常水平的，甚至是一个_读者，觉得你永远无法读到足够多的东西来获得这些好处？这项研究表明，仔细阅读的能力是需要培养的。因此猜测划线词意为“有阅读困难的”，故选C项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中There are countless methods to improve your memory. But the cheapest, easiest, and most time-tested way to make your brain think isreading. 有无数的方法可以提高你的记忆力。但是让你的大脑思考的最便宜、最简单、最久经考验的方法就是阅读；以及第四段
92、中And the more parts of your brain that get a workout, the better it is for your overall cognitive (认知的) performance.你大脑中锻炼的部分越多，你的整体认知表现就越好。再通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了阅读能改善你大脑的记忆力，因此这篇文章是为了说明阅读对我们大脑的好处。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Weve all heard that breakfast is the most
93、important meal of the day, and that may actually be true. A study of more than 50,000 adults aged 30 and older found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didnt eat a morning meal. To have a satisfying and nutritious breakfast, these tips will help you really rise and
94、shine:Eat even if youre not hungry.Although you might not feel like eating first thing in the morning, its a good idea to get something into your system. Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump- start your body and keep you from getting hungry later. _46_Go boring.Varying what you eat is a g
95、ood idea in theory. _47_A 2014 British study found that people who allowed their breakfast calories to rise and fall (as measured by a five-day diet diary) had larger waists than folks who kept their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they ate the rest of the day.Go big.Theres an ol
96、d saying that advises “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a beggar.” Its worth following. According to a study of 93 overweight women, those who ate a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lowered their blood sugar and blood pressure two times more than pe
97、ople who ate a 200-calorie meal. _48_Always pick a protein.A review of recent studies in the health journal Advances in Nutrition found the function of protein. _49_Shapiro recommends eggs, nut butter, or cheese (which is generally a little lower in sugar than yogurt) to give your breakfast a protei
98、n boost.Embrace fat.Actually, fat isnt the main enemy to weight loss successsugar is. Fat is digested slowly by the body and helps decrease the rate at which we digest and break down carbohydrates (碳水化合物). _50_So you need some fat (at least 1 to 2 percent) to help your body absorb those nutrients mo
99、re efficiently.A. It can also dissolve and break down vitamins A and D.B. Just a banana will do the trick.C. A variety of foods are mouth-watering and full of nutrition.D. The breakfast needs to be high in protein.E. But youd better stick with the same old menu for your weight.F. They also lost an a
100、verage of 19.2 pounds.G. High level of it in breakfast can reduce hunger later in the day.【答案】46. B 47. E 48. F 49. G 50. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更容易减肥，因此文章提出了一些小贴士让你拥有一顿令人满意且营养丰富的早餐。【46题详解】根据上一句Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump- start your body and keep you from getting hung
101、ry later. 起床后90分钟内吃东西会让你的身体开始运转，让你以后不会感到饥饿。可知，此处内容与起床后吃点东西有关，选项B“只要一根香蕉就行了。”符合语境。故选B。【47题详解】根据上一句Varying what you eat is a good idea in theory.理论上来说，改变饮食习惯是个好主意。以及下一句A 2014 British study found that people who allowed their breakfast calories to rise and fall (as measured by a five-day diet diary) ha
102、d larger waists than folks who kept their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they ate the rest of the day.2014年英国的一项研究发现，早餐摄入的卡路里量起起伏伏(通过五天的饮食日记来衡量)的人比那些早上摄入卡路里量恒定的人腰围更大，不管他们在一天剩下的时间里吃了多少。可知，此处内容与按照体重标准吃东西有关，选项E“但是你最好还是按照以前的体重标准来吃。”与上文为转折关系且承接下文。故选E。【48题详解】根据上一句According to a study
103、of 93 overweight women, those who ate a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lowered their blood sugar and blood pressure two times more than people who ate a 200-calorie meal. 根据一项对93名超重女性的研究，那些在12周内吃了700卡路里均衡早餐的人，其血糖和血压的降低程度是吃了200卡路里早餐的人的两倍。可知，此处内容与吃均衡早餐带来的好处有关，选项F中的代词They指的是上文的tho
104、se who ate a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period，因此选项F“他们的体重也平均下降了19.2磅。”符合语境。故选F。【49题详解】根据上一句A review of recent studies in the health journal Advances in Nutrition found the function of protein. 健康杂志营养进展最近的一篇研究综述发现了蛋白质的功能。可知，此处内容与蛋白质的功能有关，选项G“早餐中高水平的蛋白质可以减少一天中晚些时候的饥饿感。”符合语境。故选G。【50
105、题详解】根据上一句Fat is digested slowly by the body and helps decrease the rate at which we digest and break down carbohydrates (碳水化合物).脂肪被身体慢慢消化，有助于降低我们消化和分解碳水化合物的速度。可知，此处内容与脂肪的作用有关，选项A中的代词It指的是上文的Fat，因此选项A“它还可以溶解和分解维生素A和D。”符合语境。故选A。【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次
106、是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第3小题中选项F中的代词They指的是上文的those who ate a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period，第5小题中选项A中的代词It指的是上文的Fat，因此能选出答案。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中说想了解北京空气质量方面的情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1. 空气变好；2. 变好原因；3. 你的感受。注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计
107、入总词数。_【答案】Dear Jim,Im glad that youre concerned with the air quality in Beijing and Im eager to tell you some details.Its obvious that the air quality in Beijing is getting better and better due to our concerted efforts. On the one hand, more and more Chinese are willing to take public transportatio
108、ns instead of private cars, which can reduce the burning of fuels. On the other hand, our government has taken effective measures to control air pollution such as banning smoking and punishing illegal factories.To my delight, our efforts count. I really appreciate the cleaner air nowadays and Im con
109、fident about a brighter future of air quality in Beijing.I hope my introduction can be of good use for you. If you want to know more, please let me know. Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向英国笔友Jim介绍北京空气质量方面的情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文人称：第一、三人称；时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时；要点：1. 空气变好；2. 变好原因；3. 你的感受
110、。第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）be concerned with；air quality；be eager to；due to；be willing to；take public transportations；instead of；take effective measures；air pollution；such as；be of good use；to ones delight等第三步：连词成句1. Im glad that youre concerned with the air quality in Beijing and Im eager to tell you some deta
111、ils.2. Its obvious that the air quality in Beijing is getting better and better due to our concerted efforts.3. More and more Chinese are willing to take public transportations instead of private cars, which can reduce the burning of fuels.4. Our government has taken effective measures to control ai
112、r pollution such as banning smoking and punishing illegal factories.5. I really appreciate the cleaner air nowadays and Im confident about a brighter future of air quality in Beijing.6. I hope my introduction can be of good use for you.7. If you want to know more, please let me know.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造
113、句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：and；2.表转折对比关系：On the one handOn the other hand；3.表因果关系：due to；4.表示条件关系：if；连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：Im glad that youre concerned with the air quality in Beijing and Im eager to tel
114、l you some details.使用了由that引导的宾语从句和由and连接的并列句；Its obvious that the air quality in Beijing is getting better and better due to our concerted efforts.使用了it作形式主语和that从句作真正主语；more and more Chinese are willing to take public transportations instead of private cars, which can reduce the burning of fuels.
115、使用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句；I really appreciate the cleaner air nowadays and Im confident about a brighter future of air quality in Beijing.使用了由and连接的并列句；I hope my introduction can be of good use for you. 使用了省略that的宾语从句；If you want to know more, please let me know.使用了由if引导的状语从句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：be concerned w
116、ith；be eager to；due to；be willing to；take public transportations；instead of；take effective measures；such as；to ones delight等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节（20分）52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们班上周组织了一次以“感受工匠精神”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文日记，记述你们在北京木制文化传承园活动的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：北京
117、木制文化传承园Beijing Wood Culture Inheritance Garden 工匠craftsman_【答案】Last week was memorable because our class organized an activity called “Feel the Spirit of Craftsmen”.Early in the morning the school bus took us to the Beijing Wood Culture Inheritance Garden. On arrival, the guide showed us around the
118、exhibition hall, giving a specific introduction about Beijing wood culture, which drew our attention and aroused everyones interest. After that, with the help of an expert, we couldnt wait to try ourselves. We worked together to make a chair. Besides, we experienced the best way to carve Chinese cha
119、racters on a piece of wood. It was such a wonderful and meaningful day that we benefited lot.On the way back, we shared our art works and feelings in our WeChat group. I hope our class can organize more activities like this.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇英文日记，记述班级同学在北京木制文化传承园活动的全过程。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文人称：第一
120、人称和第三人称；时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时；要点：1.描述活动的地点，时间，出行的方式等2.描述活动的过程；3.简述感受。第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）Feel the Spirit of Craftsmen；Beijing Wood Culture Inheritance Garden；craftsman；exhibition hall；draw ones attention；arouse ones interest；with the help of；couldnt wait to；work together；Chinese characters；a piece of wood；ben
121、efit；on the way；art works等第三步：连词成句1. Last week was memorable because our class organized an activity called “Feel the Spirit of Craftsmen”.2. The school bus took us to the Beijing Wood Culture Inheritance Garden.3. On arrival, the guide showed us around the exhibition hall, giving a specific introdu
122、ction about Beijing wood culture, which drew our attention and aroused everyones interest.4. With the help of an expert, we couldnt wait to try ourselves.5. We experienced the best way to carve Chinese characters on a piece of wood.6. It was such a wonderful and meaningful day that we benefited lot.
123、7. We shared our art works and feelings in our WeChat group.8. I hope our class can organize more activities like this.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Early in the morning；After；2.表并列补充关系：and；Besides；3.表因果关系：because；连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言
124、规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：Last week was memorable because our class organized an activity called “Feel the Spirit of Craftsmen”.使用了由because引导的状语从句和过去分词作定语；On arrival, the guide showed us around the exhibition hall, giving a specific introduction about Beijing wood culture, which
125、drew our attention and aroused everyones interest. 使用了现在分词作状语和由which引导的非限制性定语从句；It was such a wonderful and meaningful day that we benefited lot.使用了结果状语从句；I hope our class can organize more activities like this.使用了省略that的宾语从句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：draw ones attention；arouse ones interest；with the help of；couldnt wait to；work together；on the way等。文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
