1、2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊16（含翻译与重点词汇短语注解）Who makesfederal laws?Answer:Congress; Senate and House (of Representatives); (U.S. or national) legislatureExplanation:Making afederal(or national) law in the United States is a complex (or complicated and not simple) process that takes a lot of time.This is good
2、, because it means that the laws cant be easily changed.New laws can be made only when a lot of people agree that they are a good idea.Federal(or national) laws can be made only by the nationallegislature(or the part of the government that makes laws), which is known asCongress.Congress is abicamera
3、llegislature, meaning that it has twochambers(or parts).The two parts arethe Senateandthe House of Representatives.The Senate and the House are equal partners, meaning that they have the same amount of power.A law cannot beenacted(or created) without theconsent(or agreement) of both chambers.When pe
4、ople want to create a new law, they speak with their senator or representative, who will then write abill, which is aproposalor an idea for a new law.Thatbillis given a special number to identify it and then copies are made for all the people in that chamber.Then thebillis sent to acommittee(or a sm
5、all group of people working together for a specific purpose) thatspecializes inthat topic.The committee discusses (or talks about) the bill and the committee can make changes to the bill if it wants to.Then it tells the full chamber what it thinks about whether the bill should become a law.Next, the
6、 full chamber debates (or talks about the reasons for or against the bill) andvotes on the bill.If the bill passes (or is approved) in one chamber, then it is sent to the other chamber.For example, if it passes in the Senate, then it is sent to the House of Representatives.Just like in the other cha
7、mber, a committee discusses the bill and might make changes before it is debated and voted on by the full chamber.If the second chamber also approves the bill, then committees from both chambers meet to work out the differences (or to find a way to agree) on the two different versions of the bill.On
8、ce the final version of the bill is passed in both chambers, both the House and the Senate, it is sent to the president.If the president signs it, then the bill becomes a law.Who makesfederal laws?联邦法律由谁制定？ federal/fdrl/adj. 联邦的Answer:Congress; Senate and House (of Representatives); (U.S. or nationa
9、l) legislature国会；参议院与众议院；（美国或国家）立法机构 senate/snt/n. 参议院 House of Representatives众议院 legislature/ledslet(r)/ n. 立法机关；立法机构Explanation:Making afederal(or national) law in the United States is a complex (or complicated and not simple) process that takes a lot of time.This is good, because it means that t
10、he laws cant be easily changed.New laws can be made only when a lot of people agree that they are a good idea.Federal(or national) laws can be made only by the nationallegislature(or the part of the government that makes laws), which is known asCongress.美国制定联邦（或国家）法律是一个既耗时又复杂的过程。这是有好处的，因为这样法律就不容易发生改
11、变。只有当很多人都认为新法律可行时才能制定它。联邦（或国家）法律只能由国家立法机构，也被称为国会制定。Congress is abicamerallegislature, meaning that it has twochambers(or parts).The two parts arethe Senateandthe House of Representatives.The Senate and the House are equal partners, meaning that they have the same amount of power.A law cannot beenact
12、ed(or created) without theconsent(or agreement) of both chambers.When people want to create a new law, they speak with their senator or representative, who will then write abill, which is aproposalor an idea for a new law.国会是两院制立法机构，意思是它有两个议院（或部分）。这两个部分分别是参议院和众议院。参议院和众议院是平等的伙伴，意思是它们的权力相等。没有两院的批准，法律就
13、不能被通过。当有人想创立新法律的时候，他们与参议员或众议员沟通，然后议员撰写议案，议案也就是提议或关于新法律的想法。 bicameral/bakmrl/adj. 有两个议会的abicamerallegislature两院立法 chamber/temb(r)/议院 enact/nkt/vt. 制定(法律); 通过(法案)Congress refused toenactthe bill.国会拒绝通过该法案。 bill议案，法案a written proposal for a new law, which is brought to a parliament so that it can be di
14、scussedThe House of Representatives passed a new gun-controlbill.众议院通过了一个新的枪支管制法案。Thatbillis given a special number to identify it and then copies are made for all the people in that chamber.Then thebillis sent to acommittee(or a small group of people working together for a specific purpose) thatspe
15、cializes inthat topic.The committee discusses (or talks about) the bill and the committee can make changes to the bill if it wants to.Then it tells the full chamber what it thinks about whether the bill should become a law.为区分该议案，会对它进行编号，然后再把议案复印件交给所有议员。接着，将该议案呈送给专门负责它的委员会（或者说是因特定目的而在一起工作的人）。该委员会讨论该
16、议案，并在需要时对它作出改变。然后它把它认为该议案是否变成法律的想法通告所有议员。 committee/kmt/n. 委员会 specialize/splaz/vi. 专门从事, 专攻Simmonsspecialized incontract law.西蒙斯专攻合同法。Next, the full chamber debates (or talks about the reasons for or against the bill) andvotes on the bill.If the bill passes (or is approved) in one chamber, then it
17、is sent to the other chamber.For example, if it passes in the Senate, then it is sent to the House of Representatives.Just like in the other chamber, a committee discusses the bill and might make changes before it is debated andvoted onby the full chamber.If the second chamber also approves the bill
18、, then committees from both chambers meet to work out the differences (or to find a way to agree) on the two different versions of the bill.Once the final version of the bill is passed in both chambers, both the House and the Senate, it is sent to the president.If the president signs it, then the bill becomes a law.接着，所有议员对该议案进行辩论（说出支持或反对该议案的理由）和投票。如果议案在一个议院得到通过，然后它就要呈送给另一个议院。例如，它在参议院得到通过，然后它就会送到众议院。就像别的议院一样，在让所有议员辩论和投票之前，委员会讨论该议案并可能对它作出改变。如果第二个议院也批准了该议案，那么两个议院的委员会在一起开会解决两个不同版本议案的分歧。最后版本的议案一经参众两院通过，就会把它呈交给总统。如果总统签署了它，那么该议案就变成了法律。 vote on the bill对议案进行投票
