1、.基础词汇1_ n 运河2_ adj.民用的；国内的3_ n.坝；堤；水闸4_ n.峡谷5_ n.建筑物；结构6_ vi.始于(某一历史时期)7_ n.(常作复数)(历史的)遗迹；遗物8_ n.场所；遗址9_ vt.发(电)10_ vt.利用；将(自然力)变成动力11_ adj.狭窄的canalcivildamgorgestructuredaterelicsitegenerateharnessnarrowvingn.carving 雕刻品understanding 理解painting 绘画listening 听力swimming 游泳.拓展词汇1 _ n (土 木)工 程 _ n 工 程 师
2、_ n引擎2_ vt.容纳(乘客等)_ n住宿；工作场所3_ n建造；建设；建筑_ vt.建设；建造4_ adj.历史的；有关历史的_ n历史_ adj.有历史意义的5_ n诗_ n诗歌_ n诗人6_ adj.全球的_ n地球仪；球，球状物engineeringengineerengineaccommodateaccommodationconstructionconstructhistoricalhistoryhistoricpoempoetrypoetglobalglobecomeadj.动词短语come true 实现come right 变得顺利come untied 解开come lo
3、ose 松开come alive 变得活跃come up 发芽，被提出come up with 提出，想出come across 偶遇.短语速记1_ 起源于2_阻止3_被用来做4_很重要5_梦想6_ (梦想、希望等)变成现实7_在历史上8_等同于；相当于；胜利date fromhold backbe designed to doof great importancedream ofcome truein historybe equal to“胜任”常用词组be fit forbe suitable forbe equal tobe up to.句型熟背1How far is the Great
4、 Wall of China from _?中国的长城离你住的地方有多远？2_ the relics now that they have been submerged?既然这些遗址被淹没了，那么还有可能再看到吗？where you liveIs it possible to see.根据课文内容选择正确答案1Why is the Three Gorges Dam constructed?ATo harness the Yangtze River.BTo control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central regi
5、on of China.CTo reduce air pollution caused by burning coal.DTo realize Mao Zedongs dream.答案：B2Who came up with the idea of constructing the dam first?AMao Zedong.BSun Yat-sen.CThe government.DSome experts.答案：B3Which of the following is TRUE about the Three Gorges Dam?AIt is a wall of stone to hold
6、back clouds.BIt is the third largest dam in the world.CIt is nearly 200 metres high and 15 kilometres wide.DIt has cost more than any other construction project in history.答案：D4What is the benefit after the construction?AMany cities,towns and villages have been flooded.BMore than one billion people
7、in the region have moved from their homes.CThe dam generates electricity for the central region of China.DMany famous historical sites have been flooded.答案：C5What does the writer think of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam according to the passage?AThere will be more advantages.BIt will bring
8、some problems.CThe disadvantages are much more than advantages.DNot mentioned at all.答案：A.难句分析1The power of the Yangtze River,which is the worlds third longest river,has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.句式分析该句是主从复合句，which is the worlds third longestriver 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the Yangtze River，关系代词
9、which 在从句中作主语。尝试翻译长江是世界第三大河流，其水力已被三峡大坝所拦截利用。2More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes.句式分析该句是主从复合句，who_lived_in_the_region 是 who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 people。尝试翻译超过一百万曾住在这个地区的人们离开了他们的家乡。知识点详解重点词汇、短语1date vi.始于(某一历史时期)v注明日期；与某人约会 n日期，日子；约会语境领悟*Most of the Great Wall dates
10、 from the Ming Dynasty(13681644)长城的大部分始建于明朝(1368 年1644 年)*Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirteenth century.牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。*Once the decision is reached,he can date and sign the sheet.一旦决议达成，他就可以在这张纸上签署日期和姓名了。*The young man doesnt like to date with a girl whose clothes are out of date.这个年轻人
11、不喜欢和穿着过时的女孩约会。归纳拓展 date fromdate back to 起源于，追溯到out of date 过时的；过期的up to date 现代化的；至今set a date for 选定的日期to date 到目前为止；迄今，至今*To date,they havent set a date for their wedding.到现在为止，他们还没有定下举办婚礼的日期。名师点津(1)date from/back to 常指以现在的时间点为起点，向前追溯到过去某个时间，因此在句中作谓语时要用一般现在时态，没有进行时和被动语态形式。(2)常用的没有被动语态形式的动词词组还有：br
12、eak out，run out，take place，belong to，go out，come out 等。即学即练 单句改错2019黑龙江哈尔滨校级月考Referring to Chinese tea culture,it has several thousand years of history and can date back the ancient times._The old building dated back to the 5th century is going to be rebuilt._back 后加 to 或 back 改为 fromdated 改为 dating
13、用 date 的相关短语完成句子2019北京海淀区校级月考The art of paper-cutting in China may _(追溯到)the sixth century.The lake,which _(追溯到)about 3.4 billion years,covers as much as 80 square miles and is up to 1,500 feet deep.2016天津改编The dictionary is _(过时的):many words have been added to the language since it was published.da
14、te back to/date fromdates backout of date漫画助记Dragon boat racing can date back to two thousand years ago.赛龙舟可以追溯到两千年前。2.accommodate v容纳(乘客等)；供应；(使)适应；提供膳宿语境领悟*The airport is within five hours flying time of half the worlds population and is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers a year.该机场位于世界
15、上一半人口五小时的飞行时间所到达的距离之内，并且可以容纳每年八千万的乘客流量。*Some animals cannot accommodate to the rapidly changing conditions.一些动物不能适应迅速变化的环境。*Students are accommodated in homes nearby.学生被安置在附近的住家中。归纳拓展(1)accommodate to 适应accommodate oneself to.使自己适应(2)accommodation n.食宿；膳食供应make accommodations for 为提供食宿*The governmen
16、t will provide temporary accommodation for up to three thousand people.政府将给多达 3 000 人提供临时住处。即学即练 单句语法填空After the earthquake,the first thing the local government did was to provide _(accommodate)for the homeless families.Her eyes took a while to accommodate _ the darkness.accommodation(s)to漫画助记The tr
17、ee house can accommodate up to 4 people.树屋里最多可以容纳四个人住宿。3.construction n建造；建设；建筑；建筑物语境领悟*Our new school is still under construction.我们的新学校仍在建设之中。*Chinas socialist construction mainly depends on the common people,as President Xi has said.正如习主席所说，中国的社会主义建设主要依靠普通大众。归纳拓展(1)under construction 在建造中construc
18、tion worker 建筑工人(2)construct v.建设；建造；建筑*It is easier to destroy than to construct.破坏容易建设难。*Every citizen has the duty to construct his country.每个公民都有建设祖国的责任。即学即练 句型转换Many new houses are being constructed here.Many new houses are _ here.Hes already started building a small house.Hes already started t
19、he _ of a small house.under constructionconstruction漫画助记The construction of the new road has begun.新道路的建设已经开工。4.narrow adj.狭窄的；勉强的 v(使)变窄；缩小语境领悟*The road was too narrow for cars to pass.路很窄，汽车过不去。*The old woman had a narrow escape from death in the big fire.在这次大火中，那位老太太九死一生。The road narrows here.路到这
20、里变窄了。*We must narrow the gap between parents and children.我们必须缩小父母和孩子之间的隔阂。归纳拓展(1)have a narrow escape 九死一生，侥幸脱险(2)narrowly adv.仅仅；勉强地*We won the football match narrowly.我们仅是险胜这场足球赛。即学即练 判断下列句子中 narrow 的词性及含义2019四川成都校级月考Some narrow streets have been broadened,so there are fewer traffic jams._Our sch
21、ool football team had a narrow victory against that team._The economic gap between the north and south of the country is beginning to narrow._adj.狭窄的adj.勉强的v.缩小完成句子Parents and children should communicate more to _(缩 小 代 沟)between them so that they can understand each other better.Last year I had _(死
22、里逃生)from a car crash,and I dont want to risk my life a second time.narrow the gapa narrow escape5.hold back 阻止，阻挡；抑制，控制；隐瞒；犹豫语境领悟*Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of“walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges.”毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，
23、高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。*Jim was able to hold back his anger and avoid a fight.吉姆总算抑制住了愤怒，从而避免了一场斗殴。*Do not hold back the truth.不要隐瞒事实真相。*We must never hold back before difficulties.我们在困难面前决不退缩。归纳拓展 hold out 伸出；支撑；坚持hold on (打电话时)请等一下；坚持hold up 举起；支持住；使停顿；抢劫hold on to 守住，留住；保持，不要放弃hold ones breath 屏住呼吸*Well hol
24、d on another minute,then well have to go.我们再坚持一会儿，然后我们就走。*She held out her hand and held on to his arm.她伸出手抓住了他的胳膊。*My car was held up in the traffic jam.我的车在交通堵塞中被延误了。即学即练 用适当的介词或副词填空They must do something to hold _ rushing fans.I think Ill hold on _ these old records for now.She had difficulty hol
25、ding her anger _.The little girl held on _ the tail of his coat.We were held _ on our way to the airport in a traffic e true(梦想等)变成现实语境领悟*Now his dream has come true.现在他的梦想实现了。*My dream of being a doctor has come true.I have realized my dream of being a doctor.I have turned my dream of being a docto
26、r into reality.我当医生的愿望实现了。名师点津(1)come true 中的 come 是连系动词，所以不能用于被动语态。类似的短语还有：come alive 变得活跃；come loose 变松等。(2)realize/turn.into reality 表示“实现”时，是及物动词。主语是人时，用主动语态。主语是梦想、愿望时，用被动语态。即学即练 单句改错The boys dream of taking a trip to England has been come true._选择填空：come true/realizeTo _ his dream of being a pi
27、anist，he threw himself into practicing the piano in all his free time.I was always dreaming of visiting China,and now my dream has _.去掉 beenrealizecome true/been realized7.remove vt.迁移；搬迁；去除；开除；脱掉语境领悟*Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.其中有一部分被转移，还有一部分被博物馆收藏。*The stude
28、nt removed his jacket and began to remove the ink in it.那个学生脱掉夹克，开始去除上面的墨水。*All seniors officers involved in the corruption will have to be removed.所有参与贪污的高级官员都将被免职。归纳拓展 remove sth./sb.from sth.从移除/搬动/拿开remove ones clothes 脱下衣服remove from sp.to sp.从某地搬到某地be removed from school 被学校开除辨析比较 remove,mover
29、emove强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，remove 还可以表示开除、消除、除去等意思 move强调移动、搬动，指事物位置和姿态的改变形象记忆即学即练 判断下列句子中 remove 的含义The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with hands in search of any survivor in the earthquake._The boy removed his dirty shirt and threw it into the washing machine._The official was remov
30、ed from office last week._拿开，移开脱去(衣服等)免除，解除(职务等)选词填空(move/remove)First,she _ her jacket and hung it over the chair.After that,she _ the dishes from the table.Then she asked her husband to _ the table.removedremovedmove漫画助记He removed his jacket when he got into the room.他进屋就脱了夹克。知识点详解重点句型1Three_quart
31、ers_of_Chinas_energy_is produced by_burning_coal.中国四分之三的能量是通过燃煤获得的。句式分析(1)句子的主语是 three quarters(四分之三)，此处指四分之三的能量，energy 是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。(2)by 是介词，表示通过，后面经常接动词-ing 形式。*Three quarters of books have been given out.四分之三的书已经赠送出去了。*About 40 percent of the students think 20 percent of the milk has gone bad.
32、约 40%的学生认为 20%的牛奶已变质。*The 12-year-old boy had to make a living by selling newspapers.这个 12 岁的男孩不得不靠卖报谋生。名师点津(1)当分数和百分数作主语时，要根据它们指代的名词来判断谓语的单复数形式。若指代单数名词、不可数名词，谓语用单数，反之，若指代复数名词则用复数。(2)分数的表达：分子是基数词，分母是序数词。分子大于一时，分母序数词加 s。如 one fifth(五分之一),two fifths(五分之二)。表示四分之几时，分母常用 quarter(s)，也可用 fourth(s)即学即练 用所给词
33、的适当形式填空More than fifty percent of the people _(be)in favor of the idea that if one third of an apple _(have)gone bad,it should be thrown away.Two fifths of the money _(have)been spent on clothes and the rest _(be)to be used to pay for the debt.完成句子通过浏览这个女孩的博客，我对她有了进一步了解。I know more about her _ her b
34、logs.arehashasisby looking through2.It_took_six_years_to_build and cost US$20 billion.它花费了 6 年的时间建成，耗资 200 亿美元。句式分析(1)It takes/took sb.sometime to do sth.意为“某人花费时间做某事”，it 在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语是句子的真正主语。It takes half an hour to go there on foot.步行到那里去要半小时。It took workers 39 years to_build the QinShihuang
35、Tomb.工人们花费了 39 年的时间建造秦始皇陵。(2)英语中表示“花费”的词还有 spend，cost 和 pay，其用法如下：sb.spend sth.on/(in)doing sth.“某人花费(时间、金钱)做某事”sth.cost sb.some money“某物花了某人多少钱”sb.pay some money for sth.“某人为某物付多少钱”即学即练 用 spend/cost/take/pay for 的适当形式填空I _ 20 yuan on the book yesterday.The course _ me$500.It will _ about half an ho
36、ur to get to the cinema.They _$200 a week _ this apartment.spentcost/coststakepayfor3Unfortunately,burning_coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.不幸的是，燃煤导致了严重的大气污染，并且加剧了全球变暖。句式分析(1)burning coal 在句中作主语，causes 与 increases 是两个并列的谓语动词。动名词(短语)作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，谓语动词通常用单数。Growing fl
37、owers is my hobby.种花是我的爱好。His being late again made his teacher very angry.他又一次迟到使得他的老师非常生气。名师点津 动名词与不定式作主语时的区别：动名词表示一种习惯的和泛指的动作，而不定式则表示一次性的、具体的动作。Swimming is good exercise.游泳是一项不错的运动。To swim in this polluted river is bad for your health.在这条被污染了的河里游泳对你的健康不利。(2)it 可代替动名词(短语)作形式主语，常用于以下句型中：It is no us
38、e/good doing.做某事是没用的It is a waste of time doing.做某事是浪费时间即学即练完成句子Its no use _(cry)over spilt milk.覆水难收。_ arguing with him.和他争论真是浪费时间。cryingIts a waste of time词语积累gorge n峡谷dam n水坝hold back 阻挡dream of 想象；梦想rise vi.上升，升起过去式为 rose，过去分词为 risen。narrow adj.狭窄的come true(梦想等)变成现实harness vt.利用(以产生能量等)construct
39、ion n建造；施工；建筑hydro-electric adj.水力发电的region n地区any other 任何其他的in history 历史上generate vt.产生；引起global adj.全球的reservoir n水库live a(n).life 过着的生活historical adj.(有关)历史的historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的site n场所；遗址watchtower n瞭望塔；岗楼21cliff n悬崖；峭壁22carving n雕刻品23relic n遗迹；遗物24submerge vt.没入水中；淹没25remove vt.移开；拿开核心素养链
40、接文化采风三峡大坝位于中国湖北省宜昌市三斗坪镇境内，是当今世界上最大的水利发电工程。三峡大坝工程包括主体建筑物及导流工程两部分，全长约 3 335 米，坝高 185 米，于 1994 年 12 月 14 日正式动工修建，2006 年 5 月 20 日全线修建成功。三峡工程是迄今世界上综合效益最大的水利枢纽，在防洪、发电、航运、养殖、旅游、南水北调、供水灌溉等方面发挥巨大效益，是世界上任何巨型电站无法比拟的。The Three Gorges Dam“Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain”Mao Zedong wrote a poem in whi
41、ch he dreamed of“walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”【1】.Now his dream has come true.The power of the Yangtze River,which_is_the_worlds_third_longest_river【2】，has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.【1】in which he dreamed of“walls.gorges”是 in
42、which 引导的定语从句，相当于连接副词 where，which 指代 a poem。【2】which is the worlds third longest river 是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 the Yangtze River，which 在从句中作主语。The Three Gorges Dam,which is the biggest construction projectin China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal,hasbeen built to control flood
43、ing and provide hydro-electric power for thecentral region of China【3】.The dam is nearly 200 metres high and 1.5 kilometres wide.It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other【4】construction project in history.【3】which is the biggest construction
44、 project.the Grand Canal是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作主语，指代The Three Gorges Dam。动词不定式短语 to control.China 在句中作目的状语。【4】more than any other 意为“比任何别的都多”，是用比较级形式表示最高级含义。Sun Yat-sen,who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution【5】，first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.Three quart
45、ers of Chinas energy is produced by burning coal.In 1993,China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity.Unfortunately,burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without ca
46、using so much air pollution.【6】【5】who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution 是 who 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Sun Yat-sen，who 在从句中作主语。【6】本句中形容词短语 equal to.pollution 作后置定语，修饰electricity。可转换为定语从句 which is equal to.pollution。The reservoir has flooded 2 cities,11 counties,140 towns and more than 4,000 villages.Mo
47、re than a million people who lived in the region【7】have moved from their homes.Now theyre living a happy new life in different areas.【7】who lived in the region 是定语从句，修饰 More than a million people，who 在从句中作主语。The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has floode
48、d some of Chinas most famous historicalsites，including the Qu Yuan Temple,the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff21 carvings22【8】.About 800 historical relics23 have been submerged24.Some of them are being removed25 and some are being put into museums.【9】【8】including.carvings 为现在分词短语作状语。【9】are being re
49、moved 和 are being put into 都是现在进行时的被动语态。三峡大坝“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨”毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。如今，他的理想变成了现实。作为世界第三长河的长江的能量已被三峡大坝利用了起来。三峡大坝是继万里长城和大运河之后中国最大的建筑工程，已经被建造用来控制洪水泛滥并向华中地区提供水电能量。大坝将近200 米高，1 500 米宽。它是世界上最大的水力发电站和水坝，造价比历史上任何其他的建筑工程都要高。领导 1911 年辛亥革命的孙中山先生在 1919 年就首次提出了要横跨长江修筑大坝的设想。中国四分
50、之三的能量是通过燃煤获得的。1993 年，中国燃掉了 12 亿吨煤用于供热和发电。不幸的是，燃煤导致了严重的空气污染并加剧了全球变暖。大坝将要生产相当于燃烧 4 000 万吨煤所产生的电量，但却不会造成那么严重的空气污染。水库淹没了两座城市，11 个县，140 个城镇和 4 000 多个村庄。居住在这个地区的 100 多万居民已搬离了他们的家园。现在他们在不同的地方过着幸福的新生活。三峡地区是中国最美丽的地区之一。这项工程也淹没了一些中国最著名的历史遗迹，包括屈原庙、汉代瞭望塔和摩崖石刻。大约有 800 处历史遗迹已被淹没，其中一些被迁往别处，一些被放进了博物馆。.单词拼写12019江苏扬州期
51、中Now we have new numbers showing that the waste of food is a _(全球的)problem,so well have to do something to stop it.2The _(结构)of the brain is very complex.3There are a variety of tourist attractions and _(有关历史的)sites in London.4He is studying _(土木工程)at university.5There was only a _(狭窄的)gap between t
52、he bed and the wall.6He liked writing _(诗)when he was young.globalstructurehistoricalengineeringnarrowpoems.单句语法填空1The old bridge which dates _ the Ming Dynasty is being repaired now.2After the earthquake,the first thing the local government did was to provide _(accommodate)for the homeless families
53、.3He was removed _ school for playing truant(逃学)too often.4When he left the telephone to find a pencil,he asked me to hold _.5His dream will _(come)true sooner or later.fromaccommodationfromoncome6Three children were removed _ school for bad behavior.7It took me three hours _(get)home last night.8He
54、 spent all his life _(write)the book.9_(play)football ranks first in boys of all their after-class activities.10Its no use _ (try)to persuade the boy.fromto getwritingPlayingtrying.课文语法填空The power of the Yangtze River has been 1._(harness)by the Three Gorges Dam,2._ is the biggest construction proje
55、ct in China,3._(control)flooding and provide hydroelectric power.In 4._ past,most of Chinas energy was produced by burning coal which causes air pollution and 5._(globe)warming.6._ the dam can generate electricity and solve the problem.During the building,many people moved 7._ their homes,some famous historical sites were flooded and some 8._(remove).But the Three Gorges area is still beautiful.harnessedwhichto controltheglobalSofromwere removed
