1、.高频单词必记1adj.胡乱的；任意的2n.种类；范围3vi.看一下；扫视n.一瞥4adj.分布广的；普遍的5adj.平均的randomrangeglancewidespreadaverage6vt.拥护；提倡；主张7adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的8n.环境；情况9vt.使恢复；使振作10n现象(pl)现象advocatecasualcircumstancerefreshphenomenonphenomena11n量；数量n质量12vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾；护理n倾向；趋势13vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量adj.反对的；对立的14n结果；后果；影响adj.随后发生的；作为结果
2、的adv.因此；所以quantityqualitytendtendencyopposeopposedconsequenceconsequentconsequently15vt.陈述；说明n说明；说法；表白16adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的adv.平稳地；持续地17n生存；存在vi.存在18n贡献v贡献；投稿statestatementsteadysteadilyexistenceexistcontributioncontribute.重点短语必背1 发生；造成2同意；赞成；订购3大量的4上升；增长；升起5导致6反对come aboutsubscribe toquantities ofgo up
3、result inbe opposed to7即使8继续9大体上；基本上10代表一方；作为的代言人11忍受；容忍12只要13等等even ifkeep onon the wholeon behalf ofput up withso long asand so on.经典句型必会1There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomeno
4、n.毫无疑问，地球正在变暖。而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。解读：no doubt后接that引导的同位语从句。仿写：毫无疑问，近视在我国年轻人中是一个严重的问题。_ nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.答案：There is no doubt that2Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases,the climate is going to kee
5、p on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。解读：even if“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。仿写：工程师们如此忙碌，以致于没时间做户外活动，即使他们对做户外活动很有兴趣。The engineers are so busy that they have no time for outdoor sports activities,_.答案：even if they have the interest3It is OK to leave an electrical appl
6、iance on so long as you are using it if not,turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！解读：so long as as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。仿写：只要有足够的时间，我们就能安排一切。We can arrange everything_.答案：so/as long as we have enough time1quantity n量；数量；大量in quantity in large amounts 大量；很多a large/small quantity of大量的/少量的quantitie
7、s of大量；许多教材P26原句 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。Now many companies are more concerned with quality than with quantity.现在很多公司对质量比对产量更重视。Its cheaper to buy goods.批量购物比较便宜。关键一点(1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名
8、词也可接不可数名词。(2)“a quantity of名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。in quantityLarge quantities of money the earthquake victims.有大笔的钱寄给了地震灾民。There is a large quantity of rain in the south this year.今年南方的降雨量很大。have been sent to2oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量(1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb.doing sth
9、.反对某事/做某事/某人做某事oppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的be opposed to.反对；与对立教材P27原句 On the other hand,there are those,like George Hambley,who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治汉布利，反对上面的观
10、点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone.父母极力反对女儿单独去那里。Dont oppose your will to/against mine.不要违背我的意愿。She seems very much your going abroad.她好像很反对你出国。opposed to3range n种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列(1)a wide range of 一系列 in/within range在射程以内；在范围内 beyond/
11、out of range在射程外；在范围外 out of ones range 某人能力达不到的；某人知识以外的(2)range from.to.在范围内变动；包括(由 到)之间的各类事物 range between.and.在和范围内变动 教材P27原句.it will encourage a greater range of animals.这将对更大范围的动物起到鼓动作用Each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services.(摘自2011江西高考阅读理解C)每个花园城市将提供一系列的就业和服务机会。The price
12、 of the house is well beyond our range.这栋房子的价格远远超过了我们能承受的范围。He has a number of interests,playing chess to swimming.他的爱好很多，从下棋到游泳。ranging from4average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v.平均为；计算出的平均数(1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词)(2)on(the)average平均起来above/below average在平均水平以上/以下up to average达到平均数；达到一般水准(3
13、)average out算出平均数教材P29原句 The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15.温度效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15。Theres nothing special about him;hes only average.他没有什么特别的，他很普通。,men smoke more cigarettes than women.平均看来，男子比女子吸烟多。Toms work at school is above(the)average,while Harrys is.汤姆在学校
14、的功课在一般以上，而哈利的功课在一般以下。Our weekly profits average out at about$750.我们每周的平均利润约为750美元。On averagebelow (the)average5.glance vi.看一下；瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视n.一瞥；扫视(1)glance at/over/through 浏览；匆匆地看一眼(2)at a glance立刻；一眼；(只)看一眼at first glance乍一看；乍看之下take/show/throw a glance(at sb./sth.)(朝某人/某物)一瞥；看一眼教材P27原句 Glance quickl
15、y at the magazine article and answer the questions.迅速看一下杂志上的文章并回答问题。He glanced through the report,and nodded with satisfaction.他大致浏览了一下报告，满意地点了点头。I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。He could tell what was wrong.他一眼就看出了问题所在。at a glance6c
16、ircumstance n(pl)环境；情况in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子倒装)教材P30原句 Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。But when were acting as leaders,the circumstances are different.(摘自2011江苏高考任务型阅读)可
17、是当我们担任领导的时候，情况就不同了。Under the circumstances,it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man.无论如何她的父母都不会让她跟这样自私的人结婚。Under no circumstances.单词拼写1Large _(数量)of good earth are being washed away in this area every year.答案：
18、quantities2The manager _(易于；倾向于)to become angry when others disagree with him.答案：tends3Many foreign countries have _(捐赠)a great deal of money to Japan.答案：subscribed4We are totally _(反对)to any changes in the plan.答案：opposed5He broke the law,and now he must face the _(后果)of his actions.答案：consequences
19、6At first _(看一下),the problem seemed very easy.答案：glance.单项填空1This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.Adivision BareaCrange Dcircle解析：考查名词辨析。foods后面的定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets(适合各种口味和消费层次)说明“该饭店的食物多种多样”，所以应该用range。division“划分；分开”；area“区域”；
20、circle“圆圈；环”。答案：C2Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n)_ of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dquantity解析：考查名词辨析。句意：去年考过驾照的考生人数达到了20万，平均每年4万。an average of“平均是”。其他三项均为“大量的”。答案：A3Many residents are opposed to _ the motorway.It is not a wise de
21、cision.Abuild BbuildingCbe building Dhave built解析：be opposed to中的to为介词，其后需跟名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。句意：许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划，那可不是个明智的决定。答案：B4Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water_.Ahave polluted Bis being pollutedChas been polluted Dhave been polluted解析：句意：“这条湖水怎么这么难闻？”“因为大量的水已经被污染了。”
22、water与pollute之间为被动关系，故排除A项；B项表“正被污染”，故排除B项；large quantities of后加名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与quantities保持一致，故排除C项，故答案为D项。答案：D5What do you think of the decision made at the meeting yesterday?I think it could lead to serious _ for the future of the factory.Aconsequences BtendencyCcircumstances Dexistence解析：conseque
23、nce意为“后果；结果；影响”。答句句意：我认为它可能会对工厂的未来产生严重的后果。tendency“趋势”；circumstance“环境”；existence“存在”。答案：A1come about发生；造成教材P26原句 So how has this come about and does it matter?那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会有什么影响吗？Can you tell me how the accident came about?你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？that you were absent from such an important meeting yes
24、terday?昨天你缺席了这么重要的会议，这是怎么回事？关键一点(1)How does/did it come about that.？为常用句式。(2)happen,occur,take place,break out也有“发生”之意，该类词汇不用于被动语态。How did it come aboutcome about,happen,take place,break outcome about“发生；产生”，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。经常与how连用 happen“发生”，常用词汇，指偶然的、意外的、具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情发生 take place“发生
25、”，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行；举行”break out 指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生；爆发”以练促记A fire during the night.Luckily the earthquake didnt in the center of the city.How did it that the dairy products were harmful to children?Great changes in our school in the past few years.broke outhappencome abouthave taken pl
26、ace2result in 导致教材P26原句 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。She spent too much time playing computer games,which resulted in her failure in the exam.她花费太多的时间玩电脑游戏，这导致了她考试失败。(1)re
27、sult from 由造成；因而产生(2)as a result结果 as a result of作为的结果 without result没有结果；白费 However,pollution and other serious problems have also human progress.但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。She missed an important test her illness.由于生病，她错过了一次重要的考试。resulted fromas a result of关键一点(1)result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；result from的
28、主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。(2)表示“导致”的词语还有：cause,lead to,contribute to等。.短语替换1Who will agree_to your impractical suggestion?Who will _ _ your impractical suggestion?答案：subscribe to2The reform has led_to great changes in our country.The reform has _ _ great changes in our country.答案：resulted in3Any honest man wi
29、ll object_to such a policy.Any honest man will _ _ _ such a policy.答案：be opposed to4In_general,_my opinion is the same as yours._ _ _，my opinion is the same as yours.答案：On the whole5At the airport he stood_for the association and read an address of welcome.At the airport he read an address of welcom
30、e_ _ _ the association.答案：on behalf of6I cant stand her another day she never stops complaining.I cant _ _ _ her another day she never stops complaining.答案：put up with.单项填空1Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it _that she was two hours late on such a short trip.Acame over Bcame outCcame about Dcame u
31、p解析：句意：已经十点钟了。我不知道是怎么回事，这么短的路程她迟到了两个小时。come over“来访”；come out“出来；出版”；come about“发生；造成”；come up“出现；到来”。故C项符合句意。答案：C2.The accident that resulted _ the death of two passengers resulted _ careless driving.Ain;on Bin;fromCon;in Dfrom;in解析：句意：导致两名乘客死亡的事故起因于粗心驾驶。result in后跟结果，意思是“导致”；result from后跟原因，意思是“由造
32、成；因而产生”。故选B项。答案：B3(2011全国卷)I can_the house being untidy,but I hate it if its not clean.Acome up with Bput up withCturn to Dstick to解析：句意：我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌它不干净。本题考查动词短语辨析。come up with“提出；想出”；put up with“忍受”；turn to“求助于；转向”；stick to“坚持；忠于”。由句意可知此处应填“忍受”，故答案为B项。答案：B4(2012宝鸡模拟)Eating too much fat and su
33、gar can _ heart disease and high blood pressure.Aresult from Battend toCdevote to Dcontribute to解析：句意：吃大量的脂肪与糖会导致心脏病与高血压。contribute to“导致；有助于”；result from“因为”；attend to“照看”；devote to“奉献于”。答案：DIt is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it if_not,_turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让
34、它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！(1)so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。You may borrow the book so/as long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。I dont care about the price.我不计较价钱，只要车况良好就行。We need a rope as long as 30 metres.我们需要一条30米长的绳子。so long as the car is in good condition(2)if not意为“如果不是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示否定的含义。如表示
35、肯定含义则要用if so。Will you be free this evening?,we wont go to the concert.你今晚有空吗？如果没有空，我们就不去听音乐会吧。He may not be at home then.If so,leave him a note.那时他可能不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留个便条。If notif any 如果有的话 if possible如果可能的话 if necessary如果必要的话,try to speak English as often as you can.如果可能的话，尽可能经常地讲英语。If possible.完成句子1Y
36、ou can go out,_(只要你答应)to be back before 11 oclock.(long)答案：so/as long as you promise2I _(毫无疑问)the standard is quite detailed in this area.(doubt)答案：have no doubt/dont doubt that.单项填空1(2012泉州模拟)Although most of them have no doubt _ he will pass the exam,I still wonder _ he has really got everything r
37、eady.Awhether;that Bthat;whetherCthat;that Dwhether;whether解析：句意：虽然他们中的大部分相信他能通过考试，但我依然想知道他是否真正准备好了一切。doubt作名词，用于否定句时，后常接that引导的同位语从句。由句意可知wonder后的宾语从句应用whether引导。答案：B2They think she may try to phone._，someone must stay here.AHowever BIf soCIf not DBy the way解析：句意：他们认为她可能会打电话。如果是这样，有人必须在这儿等着。if so“如
38、果是这样”，符合句意。答案：B3I always had doubts _ he would be the best man for the job,but now I dont doubt_ he can do it.Awhether;whether Bthat;ifCif;whether Dwhether;that解析：第一个空doubt作名词，在肯定句中后引导同位语从句只能用whether。第二个空doubt为动词，在否定句中doubt之后的宾语从句由连词that引导。答案：D4Do you have a minute？Ive got something to tell you.OK，_
39、 you make it short.Anow that Bif onlyCso long as Devery time解析：考查短语作连词的用法。句意：“你有时间吗？我有事要给你说。”“好的，只要你长话短说。”now that“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句；if only“要是就好了”，用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；so long as“只要”，表示条件；every time“每次；每当”，表示时间。故C项符合句意。答案：Cit的用法()单项填空1(2011陕西高考)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what
40、we do _ benefits our work most.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 解析：句意：能给我们的工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。本题考查强调句型。被强调部分为句子的主语not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故选择C项。答案：C2(2012河南部分重点中学联考)Was it because of the heavy snowstorm in Europe _ the flight had to be put off?Awhich Bso
41、Cwhy Dthat解析：考查强调句。这是强调句的一般疑问句，正常的语序是：“It was because of the heavy snowstorm in Europe that the flight had to be put off.”，被强调部分是表示原因的状语。答案：D3(2012河南省洛阳市检测)The patient looks much better._ is it that has made him_ he is today?I think it is the medicine and patient care.AWhat;that BThat;thatCWhat;what
42、 DThat;what解析：如果将问句变为陈述句，则出现It is_ that has made him_ he is today.很明显，第一空考查强调句型中的特殊疑问词；第二空则要引导从句作宾补，从句中缺少表语，故用关系词what。句意：“病人看起来好多了，是什么使得他成为今天这个样子的？”“我觉得是药物和耐心照料(的缘故吧)”。答案：C4(2012苏、锡、常、镇四市调查二)People seemed to have forgotten how many years ago _ the power stations were built there.Ait was that Bwas it
43、 thatCit was when Dwas it when解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，这里是强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语，应用陈述语序，强调的部分是how many years ago。句意：人们似乎已经忘记了到底是多少年以前在那里建造了那些发电站。答案：A5(2012江西省抚州市适应性测试)It was Einstein _ wrote and published his famous theory of relativity in 1905.Awhat BwhichCthat Dwhom解析：考查强调句型。句意：爱因斯坦在1905年写作并发表了著名的相对论。此句强调的是主语Einstein。答案：C点击此图片进入
