1、Section Lesson 2&Lesson 3UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE 预习新知早知道 NO.1词汇识记 词汇活用 尝试理解.匹配词义 A单词匹配()1.rescue An.洲，大洲；大陆()2.trapBn.队长；组长()3.interruptCn.&vt.营救；救援()4.damageDvt.估量，衡量；测量()5.measureEadv.附近()6.captain Fn.&vt.努力，尝试，企图()7.prove Gn.伤害，损伤，损害()8.continent Hvt.打断讲话()9.attempt Ivt.困住；使陷入危险中()10.nearby Jvt.
2、证明；证实 答案 15 CIHGD 610 BJAFE B短语匹配()1.on ones way toA吸气()2.make progressB用完；耗尽()3.carry onC为做准备()4.all the wayD取得进步()5.get intoE停止运转；出故障()6.breathe in F在某人去某地的路上()7.in preparation for G一路上；一直()8.at one time H曾经；一度()9.run out I继续()10.break down J陷入；染上 答案 15 FDIGJ 610 ACHBE.默写单词 1_ n交通工具，车辆 2_ n.死亡，死 3
3、_ n.行动，活动；手术；操作 4_ n.过程，进程 5_ n.较量；竞争；斗争；战斗 vehicle death operation process battle 6_ n.保护；防护 7_ adj.极地的，地极的 8_ n.探险；探索 9_ n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以为基地 10_ n.灰尘；尘埃 protection polar exploration base dust.语境填词 loss；suffering；prove；vehicle；continent；breathe；site；duty；dust；ambition 1Asia is the largest of the _
4、of the world.2They hope this new evidence will _ her innocence.3She never achieved her _ of becoming a famous writer.continents prove ambition 4A cloud of _ rose as the truck drove off.5He _ deeply before speaking again.6In this job you have to harden your heart to pain and _ 7It is my _ to report i
5、t to the police.8A _ has been chosen for the new school.9The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job _ 10This _ was parked on private property.dust breathed suffering duty site losses vehicle.语法填空之派生词 1The birth of her son was a minor _(interrupt)to her career.2We took a wrong turn and g
6、ot _(loss)in the mountains.3He underwent a three-hour heart _(operate)4This war has caused widespread human _(suffer)interruption lost operation suffering 5He asked to be put under police _(protect)6We had to stop for _(breathe)before we got to the top.7The team has been training hard in _(prepare)f
7、or the big game.8The pilot studied his instruments _(anxious)9We are looking for an _(ambition)young assistant.10Our parents live some _(distant)away.protection breath preparation anxiously ambitious distance 1While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Ro
8、ald Amundsen which said he was going south，too._，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要南下。在去南极洲的路上2First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是_，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。他的两辆雪橇坏了3Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slow
9、er._的速度也越来越慢了。4The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.接下来离开的是奥茨船长，_。大家早上穿上鞋子他行走非常困难5Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.虽然斯科特没能赢得去极地的比赛，但_。他和他的队员们表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄Robert Falcon Scott 罗伯特法尔肯斯科特(
10、18681912)，出生于英国德文郡普利茅斯，英国海军军官、极地探险家，人们称他为“斯科特船长”(Captain Scott)。Roald Amundsen 罗尔德阿蒙森(18721928)，挪威极地探险家。他在探险史上获得了两个“第一”：第一个航行于西北航道，第一个到达南极点。词语助读base n基地 in preparation for 为做准备 anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地 pull v拉；拖；拽 sledge n雪橇 ski n滑雪板 make progress 取得进步；取得进展 break down 抛锚；(机器等)坏了 after a while 过了一会；过了不久
11、 shocked adj.震惊的 shock v使震惊 shocking adj.令人震惊的 ambition n抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 ambitious adj.有抱负的；有雄心壮志的 exploration n探险；探索 explore v探险；探索 explorer n探险者；勘察者 run out of 用完；用光(人作主语)run out 用完；耗尽(物作主语)realise v意识到 hopeless adj.无助的；绝望的 cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的 on ones way 在某人去的路上 all the way 一路上；一直 21 at one time 以前；
12、曾经 22 distant adj.遥远的；疏远的 23 continent n洲；大洲 24 have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难 25 carry on 继续 carry out 执行；实施 26 courage n勇敢；勇气 courageous adj.勇敢的，有胆量的；有勇气的原文呈现 RACE TO THE POLEOn 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica.While he was on the way to A
13、ntarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsenwhich said he was going south，too.1 Then the race to the South Pole began!1which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a message。During the polar summer of 19101911，both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.Then c
14、ame the total darkness of the polar winter.2 Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.2本句是一个完全倒装句，then 置于句首，谓语 came 提前。Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September，1911.3 He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.Because of this，he made rapid progress.Scott left o
15、n 1 November and soon had problems.First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.After a while，Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.3不定式 to leave 作定语修饰 the first。Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put
16、 a Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for the return journey.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January，1912，ten days ahead of their planned schedule.Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January，1912.They were shocked when they saw the
17、 Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary：“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face800 miles of hard pushingand goodbye to most of our dreams.”The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The men were soon very tired and were running out offood.The weather
18、 conditions were terrible.Scott started to realise their hopeless situation：“We are very cheerful，but what each man feels in his heart I canonly guess.Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower andslower.”However，on their way back they found time to look for rocks.They carried twenty kilo
19、s of rocks all the way with them.Later，these rocks proved that at one time21 in the distant22 past，the continent23 of Antarctica was covered by plants.Then disaster came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walk
20、ing10.Scott recorded his death：“He said，Im just going outside and may be some time.Weknew that poor Oates was walking to his death，but though we tried tostop him，we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an Englishgentleman.We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit，and certainlythe end
21、is not far.”Scott and two of his team members carried on25 and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.Scott spent some of his last hours writing.He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen：“I could tell you
22、lots and lots about this journey.What stories youwould have for the boy.but what a price to pay.”Scotts diary also told the story of their end：“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end cant be far.Itseems a pity，but I do not think I can write more.”The news of Scotts death shocked the world.Even
23、 Amundsen was moved by Scotts death saying“Captain Scott left a record，for honesty，sincerity，for bravery，for everything that makes a man.”Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage26 shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.译文参考 冲向极点的比赛1910 年 6 月 1 日，罗伯特法尔肯斯科特船长离开伦敦，开始他的南极
24、远征。在去南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要南下。然后，冲向南极的比赛开始了！19101911 年，在极地的那个夏季，两个队伍都建立了食物储存处，为他们明年的旅程做准备。接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。斯科特和阿蒙森都焦急地等待着春天来临。1911 年 9 月 8 日，阿蒙森率先离开。他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有的人都装备了滑雪板。正因如此，他行进得很快。斯科特于 11月 1 日出发，不久就遇到了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了不久，斯科特和他的队员们不得不自己推雪橇。1911 年 12 月 14 日，阿蒙森到达南极，并在那
25、里插上了挪威国旗。然后他准备返程。阿蒙森和他的队友们在 1912 年 1 月 25 日平安回到起始基地，比计划的时间还提前了十天。1912 年 1 月 17 日，斯科特和 4 名队员终于到达了南极。他们看到挪威国旗时感到非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：“好吧，我们现在已经失去了雄心壮志的目标，并且必须面对800 英里的艰苦跋涉告别我们大部分人的梦想。”这次返程是探险史上最糟糕的一次。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气情况很糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的绝望处境：“我们表面看起来都很开心，但每个人心里的感受我无从得知。大家早上穿鞋子的速度也越来越慢了。”尽管如此，在回来的路上，他们找时间搜集
26、岩石。他们一路上带着 20 公斤的石块。后来，这些石块证实了，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植物覆盖。然后灾难来了。埃德加埃文斯得了重病，摔了一跤后死去了。接下来离开的是奥茨船长，他行走非常困难。斯科特记录了他的死亡：“他说：我出去一下，也许得一段时间。我们知道可怜的奥茨正在走向死亡，尽管我们试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望以类似的精神迎接自己的终点，当然终点也不远了。”斯科特和两名队员继续向前，他们到达了距离食品储存处不足11 英里的地方。但紧接着一场可怕的风暴开始了，他们根本无法离开帐篷。斯科特在他生命的最后几个小时进行了写作。他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封充满
27、悲伤的信：“我可以告诉你很多关于这次旅行的事情。这些故事你也可以讲给我们的孩子但这是多么大的代价啊。”斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：“我们越来越虚弱，死亡不远了。这似乎很遗憾，但我认为我不能再写更多了。”斯科特去世的消息震惊了全世界。就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感动了，他说：“斯科特船长为诚实、真诚、勇敢以及一切造就一个男人的品质留下了记录。”虽然他没能赢得去南极的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员们所展现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。理解课文精研读 NO.2表层理解 深度感悟 速读 P36P37 教材课文，完成下列任务。.阅读判断 判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：1Scott rec
28、eived Amundsens message in 1911.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.2Scott made rapid progress because of his good preparations.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.3It took Amundsen about three months to arrive at the Antarctica.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.4Scott collected some rocks on their return journey.ARig
29、ht.BWrong.CNot mentioned.5Scott died after he returned to England.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.答案 15 BBAAB.补全信息 选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。Awho was having great difficulty walking Bwhat each man feels in his heart CWhile he was on the way to Antarctica Dwhen they saw the Norwegian flag Ethat it was the
30、 act of a brave man and an English gentleman 1_，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.2They were shocked _ 3We are very cheerful，but _I can only guess.4The next to go was Captain Oates，_ 5.though we tried to stop him，we knew _ 答案 15 CDBAE.表格填空 TopicThe 1._ to the Pole Amun
31、dsens successful expeditionAmundsen from Norway was the first to leave，on 8 September，1911.He had teams of 2._ pulling sledges and all his men were on skis，because of which he made 3._ Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put their national 4._ there.Then he prepared for the return jour
32、ney.Race dogs rapidprogress flag Scotts difficult but courageous expeditionScott left on 1 November and soon had problems.The horses had difficulties with the snow and the cold，and the sledges broke down.After a while，Scott and his men had to 5._ the sledges themselves.Scott and four team members fi
33、nally reached the Pole and they were 6._ by the Norwegians first arrival.push shocked Result and implied meaningThe return journey was hard for Scott and his men.They were 7._ and running out of food and the weather was terrible.All of the men died in the 8._.Scott and his men 9._ to win the race to
34、 the Pole but they were made into heroes because of their extraordinary 10._.tired/exhausted exploration failed courage 细读 P36P37 教材课文，完成下列任务。.主旨匹配()1.Para.1 AScott and his men were made into heroes.()2.Paras.25BThe return journey and the difficulties.()3.Paras.610CThe race began.()4.Para.11DThe rac
35、e between Scott and Amundsen.答案 14 CDBA.单项选择 1Amundsen was a(n)_ explorer.AItalian BNorwegian CBritish DFrench 2Amundsen succeeded because _ Ahis men were much more healthier Bhis men arrived there by plane Cdogs pulled his sledges and his men were on skis Dhis men did not meet with snow and cold 3I
36、n the return journey，Scott met with the following except _ Alack of food Bexhaustion Clack of fresh water Dbad weather 4Why did Scott and his men become heroes?ABecause they achieved their goal of their ambition.BBecause they returned from their exploration safely.CBecause they won the race to the P
37、ole.DBecause they showed great courage all the time.5Which of the following statements is TRUE?AAmundsen won the race to the Pole.BAmundsen and his men had to push the sledges themselves.CAmundsen and his men carried some rocks with them.DEdgar Evans had difficulty walking.答案 15 BCCDA.读后续写微技能 A阅读教材课
38、文中含有描述个人心情的语句 1Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.2They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.3We are very cheerful，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.B判断下列句子是否为描述个人心情的语句 1The news of Scotts death shocked the world.()2The men were soon very tired and were runni
39、ng out of food.()不是不是教学知识细解码 NO.3词汇派生 一词多义 长难句分析 应用落实 要点直击 教材对接高考 1_ vt.打断讲话interruption n打断 2die vi.死，死亡；消失dead adj.死的，失去生命的_n死；死亡 3lose vt.丢失，遗失；丧失_ n丧失；死亡 interrupt death loss 4operate vt.运转；操作 vi.手术_ n行动，活动；手术；操作 5suffer vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨；遭受(痛苦)_ n(肉体上或精神上的)痛苦，折磨 6protect vt.保护；防护_ n保护；防护
40、 7breath n呼吸_ vt.&vi.呼吸 operation suffering protection breathe 8prepare vt.预备，准备_ n预备，准备 9anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的_ adv.焦虑地；不安地anxiety n焦虑；不安 10ambitious adj.有抱负的，雄心勃勃的_ n抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 11_ adj.久远的；遥远的distance n远处；远方 preparation anxiously ambition distant 1operation n行动，活动；手术；操作 Doctors performed an emergen
41、cy operation for appendicitis last night._ The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers._ Operation of the device is extremely simple._ 手术行动操作2conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；举止，表现 vi.&vt.指挥；带领，引导 The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner._ The guide conducted us around the
42、ruins of the ancient city._ He conducted himself far better than expected._ Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in Europe._ 进行引导表现指挥知识要点 1 trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n.陷阱；阴谋(教材 P34)Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.救援队尽力营救被困在建筑底下的人们。例 1 They were trapped in th
43、e burning building.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。例 2 She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。造句 他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。_ He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.知识拓展(1)be trapped in.被困在 trap sb.into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事(2)set/lay a trap设置陷阱；布下圈套 fall/walk into a trap落入陷阱/圈套 fall into the trap o
44、f doing sth.落入做某事陷阱 即学即练 单句语法填空 Many people _(trap)in buildings died before they could be rescued.I was trapped into _(admit)I had done wrong.Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell _ it.trapped admitting into 知识要点 2 attempt v&n尝试，试图，努力(教材 P34)What happens on rescue attempts?在救援行动中发生了什么？例 1 The
45、 prisoners attempted an escape，but failed.囚犯们企图逃跑，但失败了。例 2 Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.为削减费用，有两家工厂被关闭了。造句 不要试图自己修理这个东西。_ Do not attempt to repair this yourself.知识拓展(1)attempt to do sth.试图/努力做某事 attempt doing sth.试着做某事(2)at the/ones first attempt第一次尝试 in an attempt to do(sth.
46、)试图做某事 make an/no attempt to do(sth.)企图做某事/没有 做某事的企图 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 The students who are not successful _ the first attempt may take the exam again.I made no attempt _(make)friends with her.Personally speaking，parents _(正试图保护他们的孩子)by giving whatever they require.at to make are making an attempt/ar
47、e attemptingto protect their children 知识要点 3 preparation n准备，预备；配制品(教材 P36).both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.两个队伍都建立了食物储存处，为他们明年的旅程做准备。例 1 Careful preparation for the exam is essential.认真准备考试十分重要。例 2 We made preparations to move to new offices.我们已准备好要搬到
48、新办公室。造句 他协助我撰写此书。_ He assisted me in the preparation of this book.知识拓展(1)in preparation for为做准备 make preparations for为做准备 be in preparation在准备中(2)prepare v.准备 prepare for sth.为做准备(强调动作)be prepared for sth.为做好准备(强调状态)prepare to do sth.准备做某事 即学即练 单句语法填空 Tom is studying in preparation for the next exam
49、ination.Tom is making _(prepare)for the next examination.Im not well prepared _ the exam.Im afraid I wont pass it.The third book in the series is currently _ preparation.preparations for in 名师点津(1)preparation 用作不可数名词时表示“准备，预备”，常用于 in preparation(for sth.)短语中；(2)用作可数名词时表示具体的“准备工作”，常与动词 make 连用，组成 mak
50、e preparations for 短语。知识要点 4 anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地(教材 P36)Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.斯科特和阿蒙森都焦急地等待着春天来临。例 1 The old woman was anxiously awaiting the return of her relatives.老妇人望眼欲穿地盼望亲人们归来。例 2 Michael glanced anxiously down the corridor，but Mary was nowhere to be seen.迈克尔焦急地顺着走廊望
51、去，可根本看不到玛丽的影儿。造句 我忧心忡忡地等着他的电话。_ I was anxiously waiting for his phone call.知识拓展(1)be anxious about为担心/忧虑 be anxious for sth.渴望某事 be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事 be anxious for sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事 be anxious that sb.(should)do sth.渴望某人做某事(2)anxiety n.忧虑，担忧 with anxiety焦虑地 即学即练 单句语法填空 Jack still cant help
52、 being anxious _ his job interview.Peggy is anxious _(show)that she can cope with extra responsibility.He was anxious that they _(have)all they want.about to show(should)have 小片段填空 My daughter studies very hard，because she _ go to college.But she _ not passing the entrance exam.I _ she should get ri
53、d of _ is anxious to is anxious about am anxious that anxiety 知识要点 5 break down(机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏；(讨论、关系或系统)失败，破裂，失灵；分解；将分成若干部分；(使)(物质)分解；感情失控(痛哭起来)(教材 P36)First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
54、例 1 Talks with business leaders broke down last night.昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。例 2 Her sister broke down，sobbing into her handkerchief.她姐姐再也控制不住自己的情绪，捂着手绢呜咽起来。例 3 The dam broke down，and，as a result the land was flooded.大坝倒塌了，结果土地被淹了。例 4 We were driving half when the car broke down.当汽车抛锚时，我们正行驶到一半的路程。造句 听到这消息时
55、，她控制不住自己哭了起来，但很快她就平静下来了。_ She broke down when she heard the news，but quickly recovered.知识拓展 break out(坏事)爆发；突然发生 break in强行闯入；打断谈话 break up破碎；解散；分手 break through突破；冲破 即学即练 单句语法填空 Not long after his return，a local war broke _ near his town.He broke _ with some ideas of his own.out in 知识要点 6 on ones w
56、ay 在途中(教材 P37)However，on their way back they found time to look for rocks.尽管如此，在回来的路上，他们找时间搜集岩石。例 1 On my way to New York，I stopped over in Tokyo for two days.我在去纽约的途中在东京停留了两天。例 2 He met with an accident on his way to school.他在上学的路上遇到一起意外事故。造句 她在去学校的路上突然摔倒了，肯定是生病了。_ She suddenly fell down on her way
57、 to school，she must have been ill.知识拓展 all the way一路上 by the way顺便说 by way of路经，途经 in the way阻碍 in a way在某种程度上 in no way决不 即学即练 单句语法填空 I put her downstairs so that she shouldnt be _ the way.They are travelling to France _ way of London.In no way _ I give in.in by will 名师点津 (1)in no way 意为“决不”，表示否定意义
58、，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。(2)on ones way to 中的 to 为介词，后跟副词时应省略。如：on ones way home“在某人回家的路上”。知识要点 7 carry on 继续做某事(教材 P37)Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.斯科特和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储存处不足 11 英里的地方。例 1 Now we have got a cart，we can carry on with our work
59、.现在我们有手推车，我们可以继续工作了。例 2 Then they promised to stop，but they secretly carried on.当时，他们承诺停工，但暗地里仍在施工。造句 他继续讲笑话，自己笑得前仰后合。_ He carried on telling jokes，laughing his head off.知识拓展 carry onwith sth.go on with sth.doing sth.go on doing sth.继续做某事 carry away拿走 carry out进行(实验)，实施(计划)，履行(义务、约定)carry sb.through
60、(sth.)帮助某人渡过难关 即学即练 单句语法填空 Carry on _ your work while Im out.Whatever difficulty you will meet with，carry _ your plan.Their faith and courage carried them _ with out through 知识要点 8 measure vt.度量(大小、长短等)；测量；打量；估量 n措施；标准(教材 P102).that is hard to measure.那很难衡量。例 1 A dipstick is used to measure how much
61、 oil is left in an engine.量油尺是用来探查引擎中的剩余油量的。例 2 The pond measures about 2 metres across.这个池塘宽约 2 米。造句 他说将会采取严厉措施惩罚凶手。_ He said strict measures would be taken against the murderers.知识拓展 take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 make.to ones own measure 根据某人的尺寸做(衣服)be measured by/in.用来计算/衡量 take sb.s measure给某人
62、量尺寸 即学即练 单句语法填空 Scientists havent _(measure)the positive effects of laughter on children.My mother made me a pair of trousers _ my own measure.It is high time that we should take _(measure)to protect endangered animals.measured to measures 名师点津 当 measure 表示“量起来有长/高/宽”时，是不及物动词，没有被动语态。知识要点 9 suffering
63、 n(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨(教材 P102)But its our duty to try our best to reduce sufferingand the loss of life.但尽量减少人们的痛苦和伤亡是我们的职责。例 1 Death finally brought an end to her suffering.死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。例 2 This war has caused widespread human suffering.这场战争给许多人带来了苦难。造句 临终安养院旨在减轻临终者的痛苦。_ The hospice aims to ease the suffe
64、rings of the dying.知识拓展(1)suffer vi.遭受(痛苦)；感到疼痛 suffer from/for/by受的苦；遭受 suffer hunger挨饿(2)sufferer n.受苦者；受难者 即学即练 单句语法填空 He suffers a lot _ his disability.The pains and _(suffer)caused by the road accident were so great that the whole family couldnt live happily.from sufferings 小片段填空 The villagers
65、_ hunger.The _ made their life hard and some _ had to leave their home.suffered from sufferings sufferers 知识要点 10 run out(of sth.)完成，用完；(某物)被用完，被耗尽(教材 P103).unfortunately，weve run out of time.不幸的是我们没时间了。例 1 Time is running out for the trapped miners.被困矿工的时间不多了。例 2 If were not careful，were going to r
66、un out of gas.如果我们不小心使用，我们将会耗尽汽油。造句 问题是我们的钱已经用完了。_ The problem is that we have run out of money.知识拓展 run into碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到 run over(车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；浏览 run after追逐；追求 run across无意间碰到 即学即练 单句语法填空 We went too fast round the corner and ran _ a lamppost.He was run _ and killed by a bus.The dog was running _ a r
67、abbit.into over after 名师点津“用完”的不同run out of“用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，可用于被动语态；run out“用完”(become used up)，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词，不能用于被动语态；use up“用完”，是及物动词短语，主语一般是人。Sentence Patterns重点句式 1 完全倒装(教材 P36)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。句式分析：这是一个倒装句，主语是 the total darkne
68、ss of the polar winter，谓语动词为 came。倒装的原因是句子的主语太长，为了保持句子平衡而把谓语动词 came 直接置于主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装。例 1 Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.我们渴望的时刻终于到了。例 2 Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.我一生中很少遇到意志这么坚强的人。造句 随即传来了一个小女孩的哭声。_ And then came the cry of a little girl.知识拓展 使用完全
69、倒装句的几种情况：(1)在以 here，there，then，now，out，in，up，down，away，ahead等副词开头的句子中，常使用完全倒装。但是如果句子的主语是代词，则句子不倒装。(2)表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语时，一般要倒装。(3)为了平衡句子的结构，特别是当主语带有较长的修饰语，谓语部分较短时，更需要倒装。(4)such 置于句首时，such 多被认为是表语。即学即练 单句语法填空 Under that tree _(sit)a beautiful girl.Present at the conference _(be)experts from al
70、l over the world._ are the facts，no one can deny them.sits were Such 重点句式 2 havesb./sth.doing(教材 P36)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都装备了滑雪板。句式分析：句中 have teams of dogs pulling 是“havesb./sth.doing”结构。知识拓展 have sb./sth.doing 现在分词表示动作的进行和持续，宾语是动作的执行者。
71、have sb./sth.do 动词原形表示动作未完成，宾语是动作的执行者。have sb./sth.done 过去分词表示动作已经完成，宾语是动作的承受者。即学即练 单句语法填空 He had his favorite Alsatian dog _(poison)and two other dogs in the household _(shoot)Shell have you _(do)all the housework if youre not careful.The rich lady had the singer _(eat)with her servants.poisoned sh
72、ot doing eat 重点句式 3 have difficulty in doing sth.(教材 P37)The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.接下来离开的是奥茨船长，他行走非常困难。句式分析：句中 have difficulty in doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”。知识拓展 have some/much/great/little/no difficulty(in)doing/with sth.theres some/much/great/little/no diff
73、iculty(in)doing/with sth.做某事有一些/许多/很大/一点/没有困难 have a problem(in)doing sth.做某事有问题 have a difficult time(in)doing sth.做某事有困难 have fun(in)doing sth.做某事很有趣；从做某事中获得乐趣 即学即练 单句语法填空 Whenever we have difficulty _ our study，our teachers help us patiently.Though Ive learnt English for several years，I have some
74、 trouble/difficulty/problems in _(communicate)with foreigners.with communicating While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.分析 while 引导时间状语从句；which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a message。翻译 在去南极洲的路上，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德阿蒙森的一封信，信中说
75、他也要南下。教材高考 1Rescue teams try to save people trappedunder buildings.(2019天津)We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.2Scott and Amundsenwaited anxiously forspring.(2019 天 津)She was anxious to know what had happened.单句语法填空 1When I went in the office，I found my English te
76、acher is busy _(prepare)his lessons.2My energy _(run)out，so I feel very tired.3No matter what happens，we should carry on _ our research.We should not back out.preparing has run with 4If Jimmy carries on working like this，he will break _ sooner or later.5They had great trouble in _(get)in touch with
77、their father abroad.6He had his leg _(break)during the football match.7Two robbers broke _ her home，held a knife to her throat and stole her savings.down getting broken into 8Reports of this kind are guaranteed to cause _(anxious)9He suffered _ poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.10We ra
78、n out _ coal，and had to burn wood.anxiety from of.短语填空 on ones way to；breathe in；all the way；in preparation for；carry on；make progress；at one time；get into 1She went with me _ to the station.2I _ the habit of calling in on Gloria on my way home.3_ the discussion，you will write a discussion question
79、for each article.all the way got into In preparation for 4_ the schools were mainly attached to the church.5In large cities people _ dangerous gases from cars andchimneys.6He was very pleased to see that the kids had _ 7He has been allowed to leave the country and is _Britain.8If you _ in that way，y
80、ou will be more and more divorced from the masses.At one time breathe in made progress on his way to carry on.课文语法填空 On 1 June，1910，Captain Scott began his journey 1._ the Antarctica.At the same time，the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south.During the polar summer，both teams organi
81、sed food bases in 2._(prepare)for their journeys.Amundsen reached the Antarctica first.Then he prepared for the return journey.Scott to preparation 3._(final)arrived at the Pole.They 4._(shock)when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote sadly in his diary：“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambi
82、tion and must face 800 miles of hardpushingand goodbye to most of our 5._(dream)”finally were shocked dreams The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott realised their 6._(hope)situation:“We are very cheerful，7._ what each man feel
83、s in his heart I can only guess.”Then a terrible storm started.Scott spent some of his last hours 8._(write)He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife.The news of Scotts death shocked 9._ world.He had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the extraordinary courage 10._(show)by Captain Scott and
84、his men made them heroes.hopeless but writing the shown 突破语法大冲关 NO4.语法精讲 冲关训练 构词法派生观察例句 1He encouraged me to be a writer in the future.2In the past few years，Lucy has formed the habit of keeping a supply of candles in case of a power failure.3It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable w
85、hen they are with their parents.4Todays experience taught me some valuable lessons in my life.5I love children very much because I always feel that they bring great happiness and excitement to my life.归纳用法(一)前缀 1表示否定意义的前缀(1)un-unfortunate 不幸的 unable不能够的 uncomfortable不舒服的(2)in-inconvenient不方便的 incorr
86、ect不正确的 informal不正式的(3)im-impolite不礼貌的 imperfect不完美的 impossible不可能的(4)il-illegal违法的 illogical不合逻辑的(5)ir-irregular不规则的 irrelevant不相关的(6)non-nonviolent非暴力的 nonprofit非营利的(7)dis-dislike不喜欢 disapprove不赞成 dishonest不诚实的 disadvantage弊端，不利条件 2表示其他意义的常见前缀(1)en-使 enable使能够 enrich使丰富 enlarge扩大，使变大 endanger危及(2)
87、re-再，又 retell复述 review复习 reunite团聚(3)mis-错误 misunderstand误解 mislead误导 misread误读(4)pre-在之前 preview预习 prereading读前 prehistoric史前的(5)fore-在前面 forehead前额 foretell预言 forecast预测，预报(6)inter-在之间，互相 international国际的 interact互动 interpersonal人际的(7)trans-转变，变换 translate翻译 transport运输 transform转变，改造(二)后缀 1形容词后缀(
88、1)-y windy有风的 lucky幸运的 healthy健康的(2)-ly friendly友好的 deadly致命的 lively活泼的(3)-al natural自然的 national国家的 personal个人的(4)-ive attractive吸引人的 effective有效的 impressive印象深刻的(5)-ic/-ical historic有历史意义的 energetic精力充沛的 historical历史的(6)-ous famous著名的 dangerous危险的 mysterious神秘的(7)-ful wonderful精彩的 beautiful美丽的 hop
89、eful有希望的(8)-less careless粗心的 homeless无家可归的 helpless无助的(9)-able comfortable舒适的 acceptable可接受的 reasonable合乎情理的 adaptable可适应的 2名词后缀(1)表示“人”的名词后缀 er cleaner清洁工 reporter记者 employer雇主，老板 or inventor发明家 actor演员 visitor游客 ist artist艺术家 scientist科学家 pianist钢琴家 dentist牙科医生 ess hostess女主人 waitress女服务员 actress女
90、演员 ian musician音乐家 politician政治家 historian历史学家(2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀 th truth真相 strength力量，强项 width宽度 depth深(度)warmth温暖 dom freedom自由 boredom无聊，厌烦 wisdom智慧 ment development发展 achievement成就 amazement惊讶 excitement兴奋 ness happiness幸福 weakness弱点 kindness善良 seriousness严重性，严肃性 tion/sion competition竞争 constructi
91、on建设 discussion讨论 conclusion结论 admission接纳，准许入学 ance/ence importance重要性 appearance出现，相貌 existence存在 patience耐心 confidence信心(t)y difficulty困难 loyalty忠诚 cruelty残忍 safety安全 responsibility职责，责任 al arrival到达 approval赞成，批准 survival幸存 3动词、副词后缀(1)-en widen加宽 deepen加深 weaken削弱(2)-ize apologize道歉 emphasize强调
92、memorize记住(3)-ly slowly慢慢地 happily高兴地 extremely极其地 surprisingly令人惊讶地.单句语法填空 1_(thank)，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.2The sightseeing options are _(end)，but most travelers begin on the harbor at the Sydney Opera House.Thankfully endless 3Ron had a _(success)ca
93、reer and worked for Ford before retiring.4Only in this way can they grow up to be _(depend)and become truly _(success)5My first _(impress)of him was that he was a kind and _(thought)young man.successful independent successful impression thoughtful 6A group of robbers entered the building using _(equ
94、ip)to dig holes and destroy walls on Sunday night.7Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the _(advantage)in finding jobs.8News of the robberies _(fright)many people into fitting new locks to their doors.equipment disadvantages frightened 9The high school boys love playing basketball，and
95、it is a _(use)way to release their study _(press)10Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus _(drive)，should be _(equal)respected.useful pressure driver equally.短文语法填空 Professor Smith，one of the famous 1._(educate)，comes from a 2._(Europe)country.We all respect him for his 3._(devote)to teaching.He
96、4._(frequent)goes to gym to play basketball with us.After 5._(graduate)，he 6._(teach)in our school for 20 years.He tells us that we students should know our own strengths and 7._(weak)He always 8._(courage)us to speak English everywhere.With his 9._(assist)，we made rapid progress in our English.He leaves us a deep 10._(impress)educators European devotion frequently graduation has taught weaknesses encourages assistance impression 点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 谢谢观看 THANK YOU!
