1、UNIT 3 CONSERVATION导读话题妙切入 NO.1名言潮语 哲理真谛 美文欣赏 1Only to obey nature in order to overcome nature.Charles Darwin要征服自然就只能遵从自然。查尔斯达尔文2Nature is kind of a loving mother，but also a butcher in cold blood.Victor Hugo自然不仅是位慈爱的母亲，还是个冷血的屠夫。维克多雨果3 It is usually their own surroundings as a form of free merchandis
2、e，I do not know any way to cherish and spoil.Gan Harman我们常把环境看作免费商品而不知珍惜。甘哈曼4The land to all the people are the essence of the material，and finally，it has been there from the people of the rebate is rubbish these substances.Walt Whitman土地对人类来说是根本，然而人类给予自然的是垃圾。沃尔特惠特曼5For years weve been conquering na
3、ture.Now were beating it to death.Tom McMillan我们花了多年时间来征服自然，而如今又开始把它往死里推。汤姆麦克米兰Harmony with the environment is that we live in on Earth，who is a natural son，and not only to natural persons as the conqueror，as we all know，there is only one earth and the mountains on Earth，the animals.Plant human cell
4、s，if it damaged，destroyed nature organizations，to the eradication of mankind.Therefore，the environment must be linked with social ethics，character education and practice acts as an important element of it.Everyone must fulfil its responsibilities and obligations to protect the environment.The first
5、Earth Day was in 1970.People were beginning to worry about what we were doing to our environment.So they set up Earth Day to tell everyone about their worries.In 2007 organizers over 150 countries planned over 4，000 big events.But Earth Day is not just about marches(游行)and big events.In the week aro
6、und Earth Day(22 April)there were many thousands of smaller，local events.These events dealt with environmental problems in the neighborhood.The World Wide Fund for Nature made a list of 5 things that each person could do to save the environment.*Dont leave the tap running.*Turn off lights when you l
7、eave a room.*Turn off your computer every night.*Wash your clothes，and yourself，in warm or cold water，not hot water.*Dishwashers use as little water as possible.If we all do at least 2 ofthese all the time，we can make a big difference.探究发现1What is the purpose of people to set up Earth Day?2What shou
8、ld people do when the water keeps running from a tap?3Besides the five，what else can you do to save our environment?We shouldnt throw rubbish everywhere.To tell everyone about their worries.People should stop it from running/Stop it from running.Section TOPIC TALK&LESSON1预习新知早知道 NO.2词汇识记 词汇活用 尝试理解.匹
9、配词义A单词匹配()1.conservationAadj.塑料制的()2.plasticBn.one thing on a list of things tobuy，do，talk about，etc.()3.item Cn.protection()4.unrecyclableDadv.非法地，违法地()5.illegally Eadj.有教育意义的；知识性强的()6.informative Fadj.不可回收的()7.extinct Gn.物种，种()8.species Hadj.no longer in existence()9.endangered Iadj.太阳光(能)的()10.so
10、lar Jadj.濒危的答案 15 CABFD 610 EHGJIB短语匹配()1.have a role A彻底毁灭()2.do ones partB起某种作用()3.wipe out C尽自己的职责()4.be to blameD消失；绝迹，灭绝()5.be at risk E把归咎于()6.die out F处境危险，受到威胁答案 16 BCAEFD.默写单词 1n 威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能2vi.&vt.猎取，猎杀3adv.非常地，极端地4adj.异常的；不平常的5adj.大量的threathuntincrediblyunusualmass6adj.各种各样的，形形色色的7vi.
11、&vt.减少n.减少；减少的量8vt.责怪，指责9vi.&vt.(使)孵化10vt.(使)恢复varieddecreaseblamehatchrestore.语境填词hunted；mass；affected；informative；destroyed；restore；species；switch；decreased；solar1No one was injured in the explosion，but the building was completely 2Every time I on the TV，theres football.Its overkill.destroyedswitc
12、h3Whales are still being and killed in the Arctic.4Many have been shot to the verge of extinction.5The government ordered the police out to order and peace in the streets.6China is the worlds top investor in wind and power.7The south of the country was worst by the drought.huntedspeciesrestoresolara
13、ffected8The number of new students from 210 to 160 this year.9The UK，uniquely，has not had to face the problem of unemployment.10I truly hope you found this writing enjoyable and decreasedmassinformative.语法填空之派生词1She is interested in(conserve)2Can we stop using the(recycle)style of lunch boxes?3Up to
14、 two thirds of 14-16 year olds admit to buying drink(legal)4Its a good restaurant，and(incredible)cheap.conservationunrecyclableillegallyincredibly5The book is extremely(information)about life in Roman times.6He had had a(vary)training and held many offices.7It was an(usual)day for summer，damp and ch
15、illy.814 percent of primate species are highly(endanger)9He said army officers had(threat)to destroy the town.10An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from(extinct)informativevariedunusualendangeredthreatenedextinction1Extinctions,where entire species are wiped out,are not u
16、nusual in our Earths history.物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，。2Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，。在地球的历史上并不罕见但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧3It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth,including
17、animals and plants.很明显，包括动物和植物。人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响4Without forests,we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.，没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。没有森林，我们就没有可以呼吸的空气5To help them survive,people are restoring their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them，such as mi
18、ce and cats from the islands where they live.为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复它们的栖息地，。的小动物，如老鼠和猫，从它们生活的岛屿上赶走并将捕食它们词语助读entire species 整个物种 wipe out 彻底毁灭 unusual adj.异常的；不平常的 in fact 事实上 the third mass extinction 第三次生物大灭绝 known as 以而著称 varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 according to 根据 volcanic eruptions 火山爆发 asteroid n小行星 the dec
19、rease of the oxygen content 含氧量下降 global warming 全球变暖 be to blame 把归咎于 die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 cause for concern 令人担心的原因 due to natural causes 由于自然原因 that is 即 human activity 人类活动 a long list of reasons 很多原因 factory farming 工业化种植 21 overfishing n过度捕捞 22 negatively affect all other species 对所有其他物种都有负面影响 23
20、study the issue 研究这个问题 24 up to three quarters of 多达四分之三的 25 depend on 依赖 26 be at risk of 处于的危险或威胁中 27 the balance in nature 自然平衡 28 have no air to breathe 没有可以呼吸的空气 29 be unable to survive 无法生存 30 take action 采取行动 31 take steps to do.采取措施做某事 32 save endangered species 拯救濒危物种 33 set up special area
21、s 建立特别保护区 34 natural sources of energy 天然能源 35 solar energy 太阳能 36 in short 简而言之 37 stop destroying the planet 停止破坏星球 38 only five black robins left 只剩下 5 只黑知更鸟 39 off the coast of New Zealand 离新西兰海岸不远 40 lay eggs 下蛋 41 wildlife workers 野生动物工作者 42 begin a programme for 开始的计划 43 hatch vi.&vt.(使)孵化 44
22、 take care of the chicks 照顾小鸟 45 thanks to their efforts 由于他们的努力 46 restore their habitats 恢复它们的栖息地原文呈现THE SIXTH EXTINCTIONExtinctions，where entire species are wiped out(1)，are not unusual in our Earths history.In fact，over 90 percent of all species that ever lived(2)are now extinct.In the last 500
23、million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended(3)These include the third mass extinction，known as the“Great Dying”，whichkilled 90%to 96%of all species(4)And the fifth event，which occurred66 million years ago(5)，caused the death of the dinosaurs.The reasons for extinctio
24、ns are varied.According to scientists，they include volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen contentof the sea and global warming.Many scientists say we are now entering the Earths sixthmass extinction(6)This time，human activity will b
25、e to blame.(1)where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Extinctions。(2)that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 species。(3)when 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 five times。(4)which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the third mass extinction。(5)which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the fifth event。(6)该句为省略 that 的宾语从句。Although it is not unusual for species to die outnaturally，the rateat
26、which this is now happening is cause for concern.(7)A 2015 studyby scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke Universityin the US，looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes，that is，the“background extinction rate”(8)They found thathuman activityis causing species to die o
27、ut 1，000 times faster thannormal(9)There is a long list of reasonswhy so many species aredying out(10)：air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory farmingand overfishing21.It is clear that human activity has negativelyaffected all other species22on Earth，including animals and plants.(11)
28、(7)句中 although 引导让步状语从句，at which.happening 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 rate。(8)句中 who.the US 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 scientists，how.natural causes 为宾语从句。(9)that 引导宾语从句。(10)why 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 reasons。(11)it 为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的 that 从句。If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scientists who have studied theissue23believe that up to
29、three quarters of24all species on Earth could dieout.(12)Of course，as we humans depend on25so many species for oursurvival(13)，we would also be at risk of26dying out.Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature27 between animals and plants.Without forests，we would have no air to breathe28
30、，and without clean water we would be unable to survive29.(12)句中 if 引导条件状语从句，who.the issue 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 scientists，that.die out 为宾语从句。(13)as 引导原因状语从句。Can a sixth extinction be avoided？Experts say that it is not yet toolate，if we take action30 now.(14)This would mean we have tosignificantly change t
31、he way we live(15)For example，we need to take steps to31save endangered species32，including setting up special areas33where plants and animals can be protected(16)We need to change howwe work and travel by using cleaner，more natural sources of energy34，such as wind and solar energy35(17)We also need
32、 to improve ourfarming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution.In short36，if wewant to survive，we need to stop destroying the planet37that we live onand start to protect it.(18)(14)句中 that 引导宾语从句，if we take action now 为条件状语从句。(15)省略 that 的宾语从句，其中 we live 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the way。(16)where 引导定语从
33、句，修饰先行词 special areas。(17)how 引导宾语从句。(18)句中 if 引导条件状语从句，that we live on 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 planet。The Black RobinBlack robins are the birds that humans saved from extinction(19)In 1980，there were only five black robins left38in the world.They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand39.On
34、ly one of those birds，a female called Old Blue，was able to lay eggs40.Wildlife workers41began a programme for42raising black robin chicks.They protected Old Blues eggs，helped them to hatch43，and took care of the chicks44.Thanks to their efforts45，there are now more than 250 black robins，and the popu
35、lation is spreading.To help them survive，people arerestoring their habitats46and removing small animals that hunt them，such as mice and cats from the islands where they live.(20)(19)that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the birds。(20)句中 that hunt them 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 small animals；where they live 也是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the
36、islands。译文参考第六次生物大灭绝物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，超过 90%的物种已经灭绝。在过去的 5 亿年里，地球上的生命有 5 次几乎灭绝。其中包括第三次生物大灭绝，即所谓的“大灭绝”，导致 90%到 96%的物种灭绝。发生在 6 600 万年前的第五次灭绝事件导致了恐龙的灭亡。灭绝的原因多种多样。科学家们认为，造成物种灭绝的原因包括火山喷发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面高度改变、海水中含氧量下降和全球变暖等。许多科学家说，我们现在正在进入地球的第六次大灭绝。这一次，人类活动将是罪魁祸首。虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。美国布
37、朗大学和杜克大学的科学家们于 2015 年进行了一项研究，考察了自然原因导致物种灭绝的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现，人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度是正常情况下的 1 000 倍。有很多为什么如此多的物种灭绝的原因：空气和水污染，森林被破坏，工业化种植和过度捕捞。很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。如果第六次大灭绝发生，研究这个问题的科学家们认为，地球上多达四分之三的物种可能会灭绝。当然，由于我们人类依靠如此多的物种生存，我们也将面临灭绝的风险。我们的世界和我们的生活依赖于动物和植物之间的平衡。没有森林，我们就没有可以呼吸的空气，没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。
38、第六次物种灭绝可以避免吗？专家们说，如果我们现在就采取行动，还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须显著地改变我们的生活方式。例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种，包括建立特别保护区，在这里动植物可以得到保护。我们需要通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源来改变工作和旅行的方式，如风能和太阳能。我们还需要改进我们的耕作方法，以减少对水、空气和土地的污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，我们需要停止破坏我们赖以生存的星球，并开始保护它。黑知更鸟黑知更鸟是人类从灭绝中拯救出来的鸟类。1980 年，世界上只剩下 5 只黑知更鸟。它们都生活在离新西兰海岸不远的一个小岛上。其中只有一只名叫“老布鲁”的雌鸟能下蛋。野生动物工作者开始
39、了饲养黑知更鸟的计划。他们保护老布鲁的蛋，帮助它们孵化并照顾小鸟。由于他们的努力，现在有了 250 多只黑知更鸟，而且数量还在增加。为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复它们的栖息地，并将捕食它们的小动物，如老鼠和猫，从它们生活的岛屿上赶走。理解课文精研读 NO.3表层理解 深度感悟 速读课文，完成下列任务.阅读判断判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：1Over 90%of all species that ever lived on the earth are now extinct.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.2There were about si
40、x extinctions in the past.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.3It is because of human activities that species are dying out faster than before.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.4Experts say that it is too late to prevent the sixth extinction.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.5Black robins are likely to disappear on
41、the earth in the next century.ARight.BWrong.CNot mentioned.答案 15 ABABC.补全信息选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：Awhich occurred 66 million years agoBwhen life on Earth has almost endedCwhere entire species are wiped outDwhere plants and animals can be protectedEat which this is now happeningFwho have studied the
42、 issue1Extinctions，are not unusual in our Earths history.2 In the last 500 million years，there have been fivetimes3And the fifth event，caused the death of the dinosaurs.4Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rateis cause for concern.5If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scient
43、istsbelieve that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.6For example，we need to take steps to save endangered species，including setting up special areas答案 16 CBAEFD.表格填空The meaning of extinctionEntire species are 1.wiped outExtinctionsand theirconsequencesThere have been 2.when l
44、ife on Earth has almost ended.The third mass extinction killed 90%to 96%of all species.The fifth mass extinction caused the death of the 3.If a sixth mass extinction occurs，up to three quarters of all species on Earth could 4.five timesdinosaursdie outMain reasons for extinctionsVolcanic eruptions.A
45、steroids hitting the Earth from space.Changes in 5.The 6.of the oxygen content of the sea.Global warming.Human 7.sea levelsdecreaseactivitySteps to avoid the sixth mass extinctionSave 8.species.Change how we work and travel.Improve our 9.Stop 10.the planet that we live on and start to protect it.end
46、angeredfarming methodsdestroying细读课文，完成下列任务.主旨匹配段落主旨大意 1.Para.1A.The effect of human activity on species.2.Para.2B.The consequences of the sixth extinction.3.Para.3C.How to avoid a sixth extinction.4.Para.4D.The mass extinctions in the history.答案 14 DABC.课文理解 1When did dinosaurs die out according to
47、 the passage?AMore than 500 million years ago.BMore than 66 million years ago.CIn the third mass extinction.DIn the fourth mass extinction.2 Which of the following is one of unnatural reasons for extinctions?AVolcanic eruptions.BAsteroids hitting the Earth.CChanges in sea levels.DAir and water pollu
48、tion.3What has made the species on Earth die out at a higher rate?ANatural causes.BGlobal warming.CHuman activity.DNo clean water.4Why do we need to change the way we live now?ATo avoid a sixth extinction.BTo live with others in peace.CTo save natural sources of energy.DTo work better and travel fas
49、ter.答案 14 BDCA.概要写作微技能 概要写作微技能找出文中各个段落的主题句并进行高度概括1Para.1：高度概括为：In the last 500 million years，there have been five timeswhen life on Earth has almost ended.There have been five mass extinctions in the history.2Para.2：高度概括为：They found that human activity is causing species todie out 1，000 times faster
50、 than normal.It is human activity that is causing species to dieout much faster.3Para.3：高度概括为：4Para.4：高度概括为：Of course，as we humans depend on so many speciesfor our survival，we would also be at risk of dying out.Man is also at risk of dying out.Can a sixth extinction be avoided？Experts say that itis
51、not yet too late，if we take action now.The sixth extinction can be avoided if we takeaction now.教学知识细解码 NO.4词汇派生 一词多义 要点直击 长难句分析 教材对接高考 应用落实 1conserve v保存；保护；储藏n保护conservative adj.保守的；守旧的2vi.&vt.再利用，回收利用recyclable adj.可回收的unrecyclable adj.不可回收的3n威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能threaten v威胁；恐吓；危及threatened adj.受到威胁的c
52、onservationrecyclethreat4inform vt.通知；告知information n信息adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的5legal adj.合法的legally adv.合法地adv.非法地，违法地6adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝；绝种；消亡7incredible adj.极好的；难以置信的adv.非常地，极端地informativeillegallyextinctincredibly8urge v督促；敦促；力劝adj.紧急的，急迫的urgency n紧迫；急迫9usual adj.经常的，通常的；寻常的，惯常的adj.异常的；不平常的10vary
53、 v变化adj.各种各样的，形形色色的variety n变化；品种；种类11endanger vt.危及，使遭受危险adj.濒危的urgentunusualvariedendangered1decrease vi.&vt.减少 n减少；减少的量 The population began to decrease.They decreased the size of the group from 25 to 15.The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.vi.减少vt.减少n.减少；减少的量2affect v影响；侵袭；使感染；(感情上)深深打动 Y
54、our opinion will not affect my decision.They were deeply affected by the news of her death.Arthritis is a crippling disease which affects people all over the world.影响深深打动使感染Words and Phrases知识要点1 switch vi.&vt.转换，改变(教材 P108109)We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possi
55、ble.我们当然需要尽快转到不同形式的能量。例 The remote control allows you to switch easily between TV channels.遥控器让你在不同电视频道之间轻松地转换。知识拓展switch off 切断(电源、气体等)switch on 打开(开关)；接通(电源等)switch(from.)to.(从)转变成，(从)转换到switch sth.with sb.和某人交换某物switch over 转换；换台，换频道即学即练单句语法填空Switch the TV before you go out.She switched the lamp
56、because it was dark.We asked them if they would switch places us.offonwith小片段填空Lucy returned home from work early.After changing clothes，she the light and came downstairs.Then she the TV and with boredom.露西早早下班回到家。换完衣服后，她关掉灯来到楼下。然后打开电视机，无聊地换着频道。switched offswitched onswitched over知识要点2 urgent adj.紧急
57、的，急迫的(教材 P109)Thats an incredibly urgent matter.这是一件非常紧急的事例 He asked to see the manager for something urgent.他有急事求见经理。知识拓展(1)urge v 催促；力劝；强烈要求urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事urge that sb.(should)do.敦促某人做某事urge sth.on sb.向某人提出/力陈某事(2)urgency n.紧急的事即学即练单句语法填空The report urged that all children(teach)to swim.H
58、e denounces people who urge him(change)his ways.I need not press on you the(urgent)of the matter.(should)be taughtto changeurgency小片段填空Mr Zhang(极力主张女儿出国留学)Whenever he talked to her on the phone，he would(督促她做准备)To his great joy，his daughter went to study in Britain at last.urged that his daughter(sho
59、uld)study abroadurge her to make preparations知识要点3 die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝(教材 P52)How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out?到今天为止，有多少次地球上的生命几乎灭绝？例 As a result these endangered animals may even die out.结果，这些濒危动物甚至会灭绝。知识拓展die away 逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失die down 逐渐降低，逐渐平息die off 相继死去die of 死于(内因)di
60、e from 死于(外因)即学即练单句语法填空As the region is becoming hotter，this kind of grass is dying Their chatter and laughter die as the group rushed out of the classroom.When all the guests had left，the whole house died We need to take action before all the endangered animals died offawaydownout知识要点4 wipe out 彻底毁
61、灭(教材 P52)Extinctions，where entire species are wiped out，are not unusual in our Earths history.物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。例 The plague once could wipe out a village.鼠疫曾一度可以夺走整个村庄村民的生命。知识拓展wipe away 擦去，消除wipe off 擦掉，除掉wipe up 擦净，打败，消灭wipe sth.from/off sth.从上擦去某物wipe.with.用擦即学即练单句语法填空When youve finish
62、ed with it，simply wipe it clean a damp cloth.He wiped the marks the wall.withoff知识要点5 varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的(教材 P52)The reasons for extinctions are varied.灭绝的原因多种多样。例 It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced.关键是你的饮食要多样化，并保持均衡。知识拓展(1)various adj.各种各样的various views 各种各样的观点for various reas
63、ons 因种种理由(2)variety n.种种；种类；多样化a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的(3)vary v.变化，不同vary with.随而变化vary from.to.从到变化不等即学即练单句语法填空They were late for the meeting for a(vary)of reasons.There are(vary)plants and flowers in the park.The weather here(vary)with seasons.varietyvariousvaries小片段填空The result showed tha
64、t for a same cotton，its growing stages and whole growing period in different year with different temperature.There are also a of reasons that affect its growth.variousvaryvariety知识要点6 decrease vi.&vt.减少 n减少；减少的量(教材 P52)According to scientists，they include volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Ear
65、th from space，changes in sea levels，the decreaseof the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.科学家们认为，造成物种灭绝的原因包括火山喷发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面高度改变、海水中含氧量下降和全球变暖等。例 If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their numbers may decrease.如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或者它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。知识拓展(1)on the de
66、crease 在减少中a decrease in.在方面减少(2)decrease to.减少到decrease by.减少了decrease from.to.从减少到即学即练单句语法填空There is a decrease of nearly 7%the number of visitors to the museum.The number of independent firms decreased from 198 96.Because of human activity，the number of some rare animals is the decrease.intoon名师点
67、津 decrease 的反义词 increase 的用法 increase to 增加(长)到 increase by 增加(长)了 on the increase 在增加中 知识要点7 blame vt.责怪，指责(教材 P52)This time，human activity will be to blame.这一次，人类活动将是罪魁祸首。例 It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。知识拓展(1)be to blame 把归咎于be to blame for sth.对某事负有责任，应受责备blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某
68、人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人get/accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事承担责任即学即练单句语法填空If that happens，the coach will take blame for it.You are not (blame)I cant put the blame you.You shouldnt blame John the failure.You shouldnt blame the failure
69、 John.theto blameonforon小片段填空They all him.In fact，he his careless driving.So he it without any complaint.他们把车祸归咎于他。实际上，他确实应该因粗心驾驶受到责备。于是，他毫无怨言地担负起了车祸的责任。blamed the car accident onto blame forwas reallygot the blame for知识要点8 affect vt.影响(教材 P53)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected
70、all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。例 I had to make important decision that would affect me for the rest of my life.我不得不作出将影响我后半生的重大决定。知识拓展(1)affect sb./sth.影响某人某物(2)effect n.结果；效力；影响；效果；作用put/bring.into effect 使生效，实行in effect 事实上；实际上take effec
71、t 生效；奏效come into effect 开始实施；开始生效have an effect on 影响即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译 effect，we feel superior to them.The new law is said to have come effect from April.Great scientific achievements will as well as society.Great scientific achievements will as well as society.重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。Inintogreatly a
72、ffect our lifehave a great effect on our life知识要点9 be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁(教材 P53)Of course，as we humans depend on so many species for our survival，we would also be at risk of dying out.当然，由于我们人类依靠如此多的物种生存，我们也将面临灭绝的风险。例 As with all diseases，certain groups will be more at risk than others.所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比
73、另一些人更容易受到威胁。知识拓展(1)be at risk of 处于危险之中at all risksat any risk 无论冒什么风险at the risk of.冒的危险take risks/a risk 冒险take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事；冒做某事的危险/风险put ones life at risk 冒生命危险(2)risk doing sth.冒险做某事risk ones life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事即学即练单句语法填空He jumped into the river the risk of losing his li
74、fe.I didnt want to take/run the risk of(leave)John alone.He worked hard，for he couldnt risk(lose)the good job.He worked hard，for he couldnt take/run the risk losing the good job.atleavinglosingofSentence Pattern重点句式 it 形式主语(教材 P53)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected allother spec
75、ies on Earth，including animals and plants.很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。句式分析：句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。例 1 It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.可以确定的是我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗。例 2 It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.显然这位司机无法控制他的汽车了。知识拓展it
76、 作形式主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的从句的常见形式有：(1)It be形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important.)that 从句。(2)It be名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，a shame，an honour，no wonder.)that 从句。(3)It be过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，declared，supposed，reported.)that 从句。(4)It不及物动词(seem，occur，happen.)that 从句。即学即练完成句子 nobody w
77、ill like to have dinner in such a dirty place.很明显，没有人想在这么脏的地方吃饭。we failed to fulfil the task ahead of time.我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。It is obvious thatIts a shame that it is the earliest and largest papermaking workshop site ever found in ancient China.人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早的也是最大的造纸作坊。I had left my ticket at hom
78、e.我突然想起把票忘在家里了。It is believed thatIt occurred to me that1Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.分析 句中 Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally 为引导的让步状语从句，at which this is now happening 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
79、。翻译 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。althoughrate2If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.分析 句中 If a sixth mass extinction occurs 为引导的条件状语从句，who have studied the issue 为引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词，名词性从句 that up to
80、 three quarters of all species on Earth could die out 作动词的宾语。翻译 如果第六次大灭绝发生，研究这个问题的科学家们认为，地球上多达四分之三的物种可能会灭绝。ifwhoscientistsbelieve教材高考 1.We definitely need to switchto different forms of power as soon as possible.(2020天津卷)And the officer cant let him get away.He pulls out a special device，points it a
81、t the suspect，and switches it on.2.How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out？(2020 北 京 卷)The Neanderthals lived alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years，before dying out about 40，000 years ago.3.According to scientists，they include volcanic eruptions，aste
82、roids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.(2020 北 京 卷)Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreasesself-respect.4.It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including an
83、imals and plants.(2020 江 苏 卷)Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affectsperformance.单句语法填空1It was surprising she passed the difficult exam.2At the risk of(blame)，he drove his fathers car to school.3Oil spills are having a devastating effect coral reefs in the ocean.thatbeing bla
84、medon4The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased 700 persons.5Toms life was(vary)and pleasant enough，on the whole.6The tsunami that followed engulfed the northeast and wiped entire towns.7Many of our old customs are(die)out day by day.tovariedoutdying8We need to switch the cel
85、l-phone and leave the children to play by themselves.9The country needs new leadership if she is to play a role future development.10The society was set up to preserve(endanger)species from extinction.offinendangered.短语填空have a role；do ones part；die out；wipe out；be to blame；be at risk1Every student
86、ought to to make steady progress.2At one stage it looked as if it might not at all.3Only in this way can we the enemy troops.do his parthave a rolewipe out4Alone in his room，he asked himself whether he for the accident.5There are new uses of words coming in and old uses 6123，000 people of early deat
87、h over the next 20 years，the study said.was to blamedying outwere at risk.课文语法填空In our Earths history，there have been five times 1.life on Earth has almost ended.The third mass extinction 2.(kill)90%to 96%of all species and the fifth event caused the 3.(die)of the dinosaurs.The natural reasons inclu
88、de volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease 4.the oxygen content of the sea 5.global warming.This time，man will be whenkilleddeathofand6.(blame)for the Earths sixth mass extinction.Air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory farming and
89、 overfishing are causing species to die out 1，000 times 7.(fast)than normal.We ought to take action to avoid a 8.(six)extinction now，which means we have to save 9.(endanger)species，change how we work and travel and improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution.In short，if we wan
90、t to survive，we need to stop 10.(destroy)the planet that we live on and start to protect it.to blamefastersixthendangereddestroying突破语法大冲关 NO.5语法精讲 冲关训练 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句观察例句1Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.2Eric reached Greenland and discovered
91、that people could live in the place where he landed.3Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.4By around 900AD，there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.归纳用法一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述1限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。
92、She has found the necklace(that)she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。2非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。He has two sisters，who are working in the city.他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。即学即练单句语法填空The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.Is this the museum the e
93、xhibition was held?whichwhere二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1标点的运用有所不同限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个女孩是谁？He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。2从句的作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制的作用，是先行词在
94、意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。3关
95、系词的选用不同限制性定语从句可以用关系代词 who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词 when，where，why 等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用 that或 why 来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan.(which 不可换用 that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。He didnt give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.
96、(which 不可换用 why，因为 which 在定语从句中作主语，而 why只能在定语从句中作状语。此句也可以这样表达，He didnt give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.)4从句所修饰的先行词有所不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。He won the first prize in the
97、 contest，which was more than we expected.他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。5关系词的省略不同在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。I still remember the days we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we 前省略了that/which)She is not the one(that)she used to be.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that 在定语从句
98、中作表语)6英译汉时有所不同译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。即学即练 单句语法填空Liquid water
99、 changes to vapor，is called evaporation.Charles Smith，was my former teacher，retired last year.This is the house I lived two years ago.whichwhowhere三、as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas 位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后 搭配上 无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如 see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope 等 句意上 意为“这一点
100、”表示“正如，正像的那样”The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。即学即练单句语法填空Metals have ma
101、ny good properties，has been stated before.Light travels in straight lines，explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object.aswhich.单句语法填空1The reason he explained for his being late was that his alarm clock didnt work.2Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
102、3I often have the case I cant recognise my friends voice on the phone.which/thatwherewhere4Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old they swam in it.5Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.6Mexico City，has a population of over 10 millio
103、n，is probably the fastest growing city in the world.whenwherewhich7We will be shown around the city:schools，museums，and some other places，other visitors seldom go.8 is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.9English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each
104、of uses it differently.10I wish to thank Professor Smith，without help I would never have got this far.whereAswhichwhose.短文语法填空I have a good friend 1.name is Wang Fang.She is from a town 2.rice is grown.She likes reading novels 3.are written by Americans.She often goes to the park 4.many beautiful fl
105、owers are grown.She often discusses the problems 5.she cant solve by herself.She went to the city 6.her father 7.(work)last year to experience life.This year she wants to visit the city of Beijing 8.her aunt lives.She is so kind 9.she is ready to help the people 10.are in trouble.whosewherewhichwherethatwhereworkedwherethatwho点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 谢谢观看 THANK YOU!
