1、Unit 4 Adversity and Courage课时素养检测 十六Unit 4Period 4. 阅读理解(2020济南高二检测)I once complained to my friend Mike, “I often cycle two miles from my house to the town center but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. ” He replied, “You mean fortunately. ” He explained that I should be glad of the ext
2、ra exercise that the hill provided. My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Fin
3、ally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill. Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve
4、anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “The character cannot be developed with ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambiti
5、on inspired and success achieved. ”One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own. While we cannot choose adversity, we can choos
6、e our attitude towards it. Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to othe
7、rs during the war. He said, “Dont listen to anyone who tells you that you cant do this or that. Thats nonsense. Make up your mind, and youll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let
8、 them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible. ”The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common threat is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They to
9、ok on the challenge. They won. Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity. 【语篇概述】本文为议论文。生活中, 决定成败的主要因素之一是我们对待逆境的态度。虽然我们不能避免逆境, 但是我们能选择面对它的态度。1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage? A. One who wants to achieve success c
10、ant expect to live an easy life. B. Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise. C. Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to peoples health. D. Peoples attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中We cannot achieve anything with an easy life可知, 一个想要成功的
11、人不能期望过着轻松的生活, 选项A符合题意。故选A。2. What does the author intend to tell us by quoting what Douglas Bader said? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. A bad workman quarrels with his tools. C. If you risk nothing, you will have nothing. D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据所引用的话“
12、Dont listen to anyone who tells you that you cant do this or that. . . Make up your mind, and. . . Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible. ”可知Douglas Bader阐明了自己的观点, 即“不要听任何人说你不能做这个或那个。下定决心去任何你想去的地方。但是永远, 永远不要让他们说服你事情太困难或不可能。”这与D项“世
13、上无难事, 只要肯攀登”意境吻合, 故选D。3. What will the author further talk about in the following paragraph? A. How his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced. B. Why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble. C. What steps to take to change your attitude towards the
14、 difficulties you face. D. What great people have in common. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity. 可知, 作者在接下来的段落中会谈论“如何改变对待逆境的态度”。故选C。4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Different attitudes towa
15、rds misfortuneB. Face difficulties with a smileC. Nothing is impossibleD. Life is full of adversity【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文通过名人对待逆境的例子, 围绕面对逆境我们应持乐观的态度这一话题展开, 所以B项“笑对逆境”适合做本文标题。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Discover Your TalentTalent tends to refer to that inborn skill that everyone
16、 seems to be born with. 1. Its good to try and identify and practice that skill. Revisit your childhood. A good way to figure out where your talents lie is to go back to your childhood. 2. This is often the time when you had plans that werent limited by what people tend to think of as “reality”. Con
17、sider what it is that you do when you lose track of time. One of the chief things you can do is focus on what you love to do so much that you have a tendency to forget everything else for a while. 3. You might have to research a bit deeper into the things you enjoy to discover what makes you feel sa
18、tisfied. 4. Sometimes, when youre having difficulty seeing clearly, its good to get an outside opinion. Your friends and family members know you well and they should be able to offer you some insights into the areas they think youre talented in. Try new things. Especially if youre not sure what your
19、 talents might be, you should get out and try new things. This way youre more likely to hit on what it is that youre really good at and that really makes you happy. 5. In your quest for your own talent you should look into the talents of other people. A. Consider what you loved to do as a childB. As
20、k others for better adviceC. You can use your talents in the service of kindnessD. Focus on the areas that youre less talented inE. Not all talents are going to be super obviousF. Observe and enjoy the talents of other peopleG. Its true that having a talent can help you in life【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了如何发
21、现自己的天赋的几点建议。1. 【解析】选G。根据本空后的“Its good to try and identify and practice that skill. ”可知, 尝试、识别和练习这种技能是很好的, 此处是说拥有天赋的好处, 故G项(的确, 拥有一种天赋在生活中会帮助你)符合语境。2. 【解析】选A。根据本空前的“A good way to figure out where your talents lie is to go back to your childhood. ”可知, 要想知道你在哪方面有天赋, 一个好办法就是回到你的童年时代, 此处承接上文, 故A项(想想你小时候喜
22、欢做什么)符合语境。3. 【解析】选E。根据本空后的“You might have to research a bit deeper into the things you enjoy to discover what makes you feel satisfied. ”可知, 你可能需要深入研究你喜欢的事情才能发现什么让你感到满足, 此处是说有时候才能不是那么容易被发现的, 故E项(并不是所有的天赋都是显而易见的)符合语境。4. 【解析】B。根据本空后的“Sometimes, when youre having difficulty seeing clearly, its good to
23、get an outside opinion. ”可知, 当你看不清楚的时候, 最好听听外界的意见, 本段讲的是要寻求他人的建议, 故B项(向别人征求更好的建议)符合语境。5. 【解析】选F。根据本空后的“In your quest for your own talent you should look into the talents of other people. ”可知, 追求自己的天赋时, 你应该看看别人的天赋, 此处讲的是有关别人的天赋, 故F项(观察并欣赏他人的才能)符合语境。. 完形填空(2020鄂州高二检测)A(n) optimistic girl is proving th
24、at you can seek your dreams even in a wheelchair. Since the age of four, Katie Hilton had dreamed of becoming a dancer. “The1thing that I loved was dance. ” She told CNN news. That 2nearly ended one night in 2007. Hilton, then a 16-year-old high school senior in St. Maria, Texas, was in a car accide
25、nt that put her in the hospital for 56 days and left her 3from the 4down. For most people, that would have 5 any hope of a dancing career. For Hilton, it was the 6. 7 a barrier, her wheelchair 8 her. “I wanted to 9 to my community and myself that I was still 10. ” She told the journalist. So she11 d
26、ancing in her wheelchair along with her non-disabled classmates every day in her whole student age. After 12, she set up a website to include women like her. She met people online who had suffered similar injuries and shared her determination, and she 13 them to dance with her. Hoping to reach more
27、people in a14 city, Hilton moved to New York in 2017 and formed a team of disabled dancers, which is very famous in the US now. “I just want to spread the belief that dance is dance, whether you are walking or 15 ” She was in favor of any activities that were beneficial to them. Hilton has achieved
28、what many of us never will: her childhood dream. She is a real dancer. 【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述因遭遇意外而下半身瘫痪的女孩Katie Hilton身残志坚, 乐观向上, 仍然追求舞蹈梦想, 并用自己的行为影响更多残疾人的励志故事。1. A. same B. different C. only D. lucky【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 女孩告诉CNN: “舞蹈是我唯一喜欢的事情。” same相同的; different不同的; only唯一的; lucky幸运的。根据前文的Since the ag
29、e of four, Katie Hilton had dreamed of becoming a dancer. 可知Hilton从4岁起就想成为舞蹈家, 故此处用“舞蹈是我唯一喜欢的事情”符合语境, 故选C项。2. A. dreamB. habitC. situationD. recreation【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这个梦想几乎在2007年一个晚上终结。dream梦想; habit习惯; situation状况; recreation消遣; 娱乐。根据前文的Since the age of four, Katie Hilton had dreamed of becomi
30、ng a dancer. 可知此处用“梦想”符合语境, 故选A项。3. A. asleepB. deadC. paralyzedD. blind【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 这场事故使得她自腰以下瘫痪。asleep睡着的; dead死的; paralyzed瘫痪的; blind瞎的。根据下文的So she _dancing in her wheelchair可知她坐着轮椅跳舞, 故推测她瘫痪了, 故选C项。4. A. wristB. toesC. waistD. fingers【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 同上。wrist手腕; toes脚趾; waist腰; finge
31、rs手指。根据下文的So she _dancing in her wheelchair可知她坐着轮椅跳舞, 故推测她是从腰处往下瘫痪, 故选C项。5. A. abandonedB. acquiredC. consistedD. destroyed【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 对大数人来说, 那几乎会摧毁任何一个人的舞蹈生涯的希望。 abandoned抛弃, 放弃; acquired获得; consisted由组成; destroyed毁坏。结合常识, 瘫痪导致不能跳舞, 故此处用“毁坏”符合语境, 故选D项。6. A. dilemmaB. endingC. sectionD. beg
32、inning【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 对Hilton来说, 这却是一个开始。 dilemma进退两难的境地; ending结束; section部分; beginning 开始。 结合上下文, 此处是指Hilton开始学着坐在轮椅里跳舞, 所以这对她来说是开始, 故选D项。7. A. Rather thanB. More thanC. Other thanD. Or rather【解析】选A。考查固定短语词义辨析。句意: 而不是一个障碍, 轮椅反而激励了她。Rather than而不是; More than超过, 不仅仅是, 极其, 远非; Other than除了; Or ra
33、ther更确切地说。根据下文的So she _dancing in her wheelchair along with her non-disabled classmates every day可知她每天在轮椅里和同学练习跳舞, 所以对她来说轮椅不是障碍, 故选A项。8. A. handledB. squeezedC. demandedD. inspired【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 同上。 handled解决; squeezed压榨; demanded要求; inspired激励。联系句意可知, 前后句为转折关系, 故此处用“激励”符合语境, 故选D项。9. A. proveB.
34、 uniteC. motivateD. absorb【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 她对记者说: “我想向公众和我自己证明我仍然是正常的。” prove证明; unite联合, 团结; motivate激励; absorb吸收, 吸引。结合上下文, 此处是指尽管瘫痪了但是Hilton还是想证明自己和正常人一样, 他们能做的, 她照样能做到, 故选A项。10. A. giftedB. normalC. healthyD. qualified 【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 同上。gifted有天赋的; normal正常的; healthy健康的; qualified合格的。结合
35、上下文可知, 此处是指尽管她瘫痪了但依然想像正常人那样去跳舞, 去实现自己的梦想, 可知此处用“我想向公众和自己证明我是正常的”符合语境, 故选B项。11. A. insisted onB. exposed toC. left outD. broke down【解析】选A。考查动词短语词义辨析。句意: 在整个学生时代, 她仍然坚持在轮椅上和那些非残疾的同学一起跳舞。 insisted on坚持; exposed to暴露在; left out遗漏, 省略, 忽视; broke down崩溃, 垮掉, 瓦解。根据下文的She is a real dancer. 可知她成了真正的舞者, 故推测她学
36、生时代坚持跳舞, 才会有这样的结果, 故选A项。12. A. schoolB. classC. graduationD. work【解析】选C。考查名词和after的搭配。句意: 毕业后, 她建立了一个网站, 把和她一样的女性吸引进来。 school学校; class课; graduation毕业; work工作。前文讲述她的学生时代, 按照逻辑, 推测此处讲述毕业之后的事情, 故选C项。13. A. invitedB. orderedC. admiredD. suggested【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 她在网上遇到和她有相同经历的人, 便和他们分享她的决心, 甚至邀请他们来和她
37、一起跳舞。invited邀请; ordered命令; admired羡慕, 钦佩; suggested建议。结合句意可知, 句中even表层次的递进, 故此处用“邀请他们来跳舞”符合语境, 故选A项。 14. A. largeB. modernC. convenientD. beautiful【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 为了在大城市接触到更多的(有类似遭遇的)人, 她搬去了纽约。large大的; modern现代的; convenient方便的; beautiful美丽的。由Hilton moved to New York in 2017 可知, 她想去大城市, 因为那儿可能有更
38、多和她遭遇相似的人, 故选A项。15. A. jumpingB. rollingC. climbingD. running 【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我只是想传播“舞蹈就是舞蹈, 无论你是行走还是滚动轮椅”的信念。 jumping跳; rolling滚, 卷; climbing爬; running跑。此处是指滚动轮椅, 故选B项。. 语法填空 Suppose you broke a cup or a bowl by accident, 1. would you deal with the broken pieces? One day, Alice 2. (wash) dishes
39、 when she broke a beautiful plate carelessly. 3. _(hear) the sound, her father ran out of the study at once to see if his daughter was hurt. To his 4. (relieve), she was fine, so the father comforted her and told her just to throw the broken pieces directly into the dustbin. However, Alice said noth
40、ing. She picked up the pieces on the floor one by one. She even looked everywhere to make sure there were no pieces 5. _(leave). Then Alice asked her father for some old newspapers and a plastic bag. The father felt 6. _(confuse). He wondered what she was going to do. After Alice 7. (wrap) the broke
41、n pieces with newspapers, she then put them into the plastic bag, together with a card 8. _(say) “ Danger! Broken plate! ” Finally, she placed the plastic bag into the dustbin. Not until then did the father realize how 9. _(consider) his daughter was. He learned a lesson from her. If everyone in the
42、 world 10. _(show) thoughtful concern for others, we could make a really big difference! 【语篇概述】本文为记叙文。假如你不小心打碎了一个杯子或一个碗, 你会如何处理这些碎片? 一天爱丽丝洗碗时不小心打碎了一个盘子后, 她仔细地捡起地板上的碎片后, 用报纸把碎片包起来, 放进了塑料袋里, 写了一张卡片一起放了进去, 提示“碎片, 危险! ”。这给人们的启示: 如果世界上的每一个人都关心体贴别人, 会有很大意义! 1. 【解析】how。考查语境。句意: 假设你不小心打碎了一个杯子或碗, 你会如何处理这些碎片?
43、 根据语境可知, 此处是指如何处理碎杯子的碎片, 故填how。2. 【解析】was washing。 考查时态及固定句式。句意: 一天, 爱丽丝在洗盘子时不小心打碎了一个漂亮的盘子。“sb. were /was doing when”为固定句式, 意为“正在做这个时候”。根据when从句的一般过去时, 可知此处要用过去进行时, 故填was washing。3. 【解析】Hearing。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意: 听到这个声音, 她的父亲立刻跑出书房, 看看他的女儿是否受伤了。根据语境可知, hear的逻辑主语是her father, 二者是主动关系。所以要用动词的-ing形式, 故填 Hea
44、ring。4. 【解析】relief。考查固定搭配。句意: 令他欣慰的是, 她很好。“to ones relief”为固定搭配, 意为“令某人欣慰的是”, 故本空填relief。5. 【解析】left。考查过去分词作定语。句意: 她还到处找(碎片), 以确保没有留下任何东西。此处left是过去分词, 一般用作后置定语, 意为“剩下的, 留下的”, 故填left。6. 【解析】confused。考查形容词作表语。句意: 父亲感到很困惑。他不知道她要做什么。根据后一句“He wondered what she was going to do”可知, 她的父亲感觉很困惑, 要用形容词作表语, 故此处
45、填confused。7. 【解析】wrapped/had wrapped。考查时态及语境。本文叙述的是过去的事, 要用一般过去时, 可填wrapped。也可填had wrapped, 因为wrap这个动词是发生在一般过去时put them into the plastic bag之前, 是过去的过去。故填wrapped/had wrapped。8. 【解析】saying。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意: 纸片上写着“破碎的碟子! 危险”! card与say 之间构成逻辑上的主动关系, 要用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语, 故填saying。9. 【解析】considerate。考查形容词。句
46、意: 直到那时, 父亲才意识到他女儿是多么体贴。How是副词, 一般修饰形容词或副词, 本空作表语, 要用形容词, 故填considerate。10. 【解析】showed。考查虚拟语气。句意: 如果世界上的每个人都对别人体贴和关心, 我们就会起很大的作用! 根据语境可知, 此处是虚拟语气, 表示与现在事实相反, 从句要用一般过去时, 故填showed。阅读理解(2020银川高二检测)A city in Korea, which has the worlds largest number of people using smartphones, has placed flashing ligh
47、ts and laser beams at a road crossing to warn “smartphone zombies” to look up and drivers to slow down, in the hope of preventing accidents. The designers of the system were motivated by growing worry that more pedestrians glued to their phones will become victims in a country that already has some
48、of the highest road death and injury rates among developed countries. State-run Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) believes its system of flashing lights at zebra crossings can warn both pedestrians and drivers. In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the p
49、avement, “smombies”smartphone zombieswill be warned by laser beam projected from power poles and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic. “Increasing number of smombie accidents have occurred in pedestrian crossings, so these zombie lights are essential to pre
50、vent these pedestrian accidents, ” said KICT senior researcher Kim Jong-hoon. Drivers are warned by the flashing lights, which have shown to be effective 83. 4 percent of the time in the institutes tests involving about 1, 000 vehicles. In 2017, more than 1, 600 pedestrians were killed in auto relat
51、ed accidents, which is about 40 percent of total traffic deaths, according to data from the Traffic Accident Analysis System. For now, the smombie warning system is placed only in Ilsan, a suburban city about 30 km northwest of the capital, Seoul, but is expected to go nationwide, according to the i
52、nstitute. Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old resident of Ilsan, welcomed the system, saying she was often too absorbed in her phone to remember to look at traffic. “This flashing light makes me feel safe as it makes me look around again, and I hope that we can have more of these in town, ” she said. 【语篇概述】这
53、是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了韩国一款手机警告系统, 警告那些在繁忙交通路段沉迷于手机的行人, 以及行人对这个警告系统的看法。1. What do the underlined words “smartphone zombies” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. Drivers driving after drunk. B. Pedestrians buried in their phones. C. Passengers crazy about phones. D. Policemen in charge of traffic. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的
54、内容: 在十字路口安装闪光灯以及镭射光束来提醒沉迷于手机的行人抬头看路和司机减速。同时在文章第二段中提到“more pedestrians glued to their phones”可知, 很多行人沉迷于手机。故选B项。2. What do we know about the warning system? A. It has reduced death rate by 83. 4%. B. It has been spread nationwide. C. It gives a warning to the smartphones. D. It is being tried out in
55、many places. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the pavement, “smombies”smartphone zombieswill be warned by laser beam projected from power poles and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic. ”可知, 应用程序向手机发送警告, 告诉它们即将驶入车流。故选C项
56、。3. What was the residents attitude to the traffic system? A. Negative. B. Unconcerned. C. Disapproving. D. Favorable. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old resident of Ilsan, welcomed the system”可知, Kim Dan-hee对这个系统表示欢迎。故选D项。4. What is the best title for the text? A. Korea Warns Smartphone Zombies of TrafficB. Flashing Lights Are Used to Prevent AccidentsC. Smartphone Zombies Are Causing Traffic AccidentsD. Korea Uses a New Traffic System【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知, 在韩国忙碌的路口安装了一个针对沉迷于手机的行人的警告系统。故选A项。
