1、Unit 1 Back to schoolSection Grammar and usage语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1He found he was now their main(焦点)of attention.2It is important to get even these small(细节)right.3The story is(基于)on a lot of historical facts.4The cat was black except for a patch of white on the very _of its tail.focus
2、detailsbasedtip5People like taking photos because photos are the witness of youth and history and can us of many happy scenes.remind.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1_ n指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费tipper n给小费者2vt.以为基础(依据)n根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营based adj.(以某事)为基础(或根据)baseless adj.无根据的3vt.提醒；使想起reminder n令人回忆起某事的东西4n细节；具体情况 detailed
3、adj.详细的；细致的tipbasereminddetail.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1as a result 由于2stick 坚持；固守；维持3pay attention 注意4come 实现5live happy life 过幸福生活oftototruea6(be)based 基于，以为基础7give 放弃upon.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1Whatever happens，well our promise.2This novel the family history of the writer.3We should this from the very beginning
4、.4When did mans dream of flying into the sky?5Though the girls leg was cut out the earthquake，she was not disappointed.stick tois based onpay attention tocome trueas a result of寻规律、巧记忆v.-(e)d adj.v.up动词短语 addicted adj.上瘾的bored adj.厌烦的delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续clean up 清出，收拾干净give up 放弃
5、，戒除核 心 要 点 探 究 focus n焦点；重点v.集中；聚焦(教材P6)Setting goals gives you a focus in life.设定目标能让你生活中有专注对象。(1)focus on 集中精力做focus/fix ones attention on sth.把注意力集中到(2)the focus of attention 关注的焦点(2019全国卷)The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another s
6、eason.教练能够集中精力抓孩子们的训练，其余的家长们也为免除了下个赛季的烦恼而感到宽慰。It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.这是会议上关注的主要焦点。They focus on(keep)their soil rich and free of disease.他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。They focused all their attention finding a solution to the problem.他们集中全部注意力寻找解决问题的办法。onkeepingas a result of 由于；因为(教材
7、P6)As a result of your action，your dream will come true and hopefully，you will live a happy life.由于你的行动，你的梦想会成真，满怀希望地，你会过上幸福的生活。(1)result n 结果as a result 结果；因此without result 徒劳；毫无结果(2)result vi.发生；产生result from 是由造成的result in(lead to)导致；造成As a result I totally changed my shape.因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。The co
8、nditions are poor;as a result，the workers left.The workers left as a result the poor conditions.由于条件太差，工人们离开了。Let us hope that peace will result our talks.让我们期望，我们的会谈会带来和平。His carelessness resulted his failure.他的粗心导致了他的失败。offromin图形助记 巧记“因果”名师点津 as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result of是介词短语，后
9、接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句。base vt.以为基础(依据)n根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营(教材P7)Instead，you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来设定目标。(1)base.on/upon把建立在的基础上(2)at the base of以为基点；在的底部(3)be based on/upon以为基础/依据A new Chinese television drama，titled In the Name of People，was based on the s
10、ame novel，written by Zhou Meisen.一部新的中文电视剧，名为人民的名义，以周梅森所写的同名小说为蓝本。If you base an important decision more emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.如果把一个重要的决定更多地建立在情感基础上，而不是以理性思考为基础，你迟早会后悔的。They found the plane the base of the mountain.他们在山脚下发现了飞机。atonremind vt.提醒；使想起(教材P7)This will r
11、emind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.这会提醒你为什么工作并且让你精力集中。remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.that.使某人想起；提醒某人I was about to call Jack to remind him that we would meet at 8：00 am when he came in.我正要给杰克打电话提醒他我们在上午8点见面，这时他进来了。Please remind me(write)to
12、 my mother tomorrow.请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。I dont want them to remind me her.我不想因它们想起她来。ofto write名师点津 其他常见的由“v.sb.of sth.”构成的短语有：inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事；rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物；warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事。语 法 专 项 突 破.句子成分语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 1.The teacher gave a speech.2.Many students join school clubs.3.We should
13、develop good study habits.4.Listening to music makes me relaxed.1.例句 1 中的黑体词在句中作语。2.例句 2 中的黑体词在句中作语。3.例句 3 中的黑体词在句中作语。4.例句 4 中的黑体词在句中作_语。主谓宾宾语补5.He is made chairman of the club.6.Maggie plans her study carefully.7.Its a lovely day.8.I went to a large library yesterday.9.They girls may go there by bu
14、s.5.例句5中的黑体词在句中作_语。6.例句6中的黑体词在句中作语。7.例句7中的黑体词在句中作语。8.例句8中的黑体词在句中作语。9.例句9中的黑体词在句中作_语。主语补状表定同位构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。一、主语主语定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 主语位置一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语为疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面 哪些词可以作主语名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，名词化的形容词，短语，句子The village is very beautiful.(名词)Wh
15、o is speaking，please？(代词)Two will be enough.(数词)To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.(不定式)哪些词可以作主语Skating is good exercise.(动名词)The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.(名词化的形容词)How to do well is an important question.(短语)What has happened proves that our policy is ri
16、ght.(句子)即时训练1 找出下面句子的主语Children grow very fast.Nobody knows who took the key.The first was a novel.What he said is quite true.答案 Children Nobody The first What he said二、谓语谓语定义谓语说明主语发出的动作或具有的特征和状态，动词在句中作谓语 谓语位置一般放在主语之后 谓语构成1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成He practices running every morning.2.复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词
17、原形构成You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成We are students.即时训练2 找出下面句子的谓语What happened？The plane took off at 10 oclock.We were beaten by their team.You can do it.答案 happened took off were beaten can do三、宾语宾语定义宾语表示动作的对象或承受者 宾语位置一般位于及物动词和介词后面 哪些词可以作宾语名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词
18、，不定式，动名词，动名词短语，句子She is doing her homework now.(名词)I like it very much.(代词)哪些词可以作宾语How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化的形容词)He likes to play basketball.(不定式)I like swimming.(动名词)哪些词可以作宾语We enjoy listening to the music.(动名词短语)He tol
19、d me that he was a teacher before.(句子)宾语种类(1)双宾语(间接宾语直接宾语)Lend me your dictionary，please.(2)复合宾语(宾语宾补)They elected him their monitor.即时训练3 找出下列句子的宾语He takes a cold bath every morning.All of us like him.Do you mind my opening the window？He began to learn English a year ago.答案 a cold bath him my openi
20、ng the window to learn English四、补语宾语补语定义 对宾语作补充说明，使句子的意义完整 宾语补语位置带有宾语补语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make 等宾语宾补)哪些词可以作宾语补语宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当His father named him Dongming.(名词)They painted their boat white.(形容词)哪些词可以作宾语补语Let the fresh air in.(副词)You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.(不定式)We saw h
21、er entering the room.(现在分词)I had my bike repaired yesterday.(过去分词)We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)哪些词可以作宾语补语We will soon make our city what your city is now.(句子)主语补语被动语态的主语补语与主动语态的宾语补语是密切相关的。例如：(1)I saw him playing basketball yesterday.(2)He was seen playing basketball yesterday.主
22、语补语句(1)中的含义不是我看见他，而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball 是宾语 him 的补语。所以叫宾语补语。句(2)中的含义也不是他被看，而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的 playing basketball 是主语 he 的补语，故称作主语补语。主语补语主语和主语补语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语宾语补语)的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补语的逻辑主语。即时训练4 找出下列句子的补语We made him our monitor.I dont believe the story true.The doctor
23、 advised her to stay in bed for a week.You should put your things in order.答案 our monitor true to stay in bed in order五、状语状语定义修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语 状语位置句首，句中，句尾 哪些词可以作状语 名词，数词，形容词，副词，副词性词组，介词短语，不定式，分词，句子Wait a minute.(名词)哪些词可以作状语 Ive done it hundreds of times.(数词)I got home，tired and
24、thirsty.(形容词)Light travels most quickly.(副词)Generally speaking，when taken according to the directions，the medicine has no side effect.(副词性词组)He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)哪些词可以作状语 He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)They came out of the classroo
25、m，talking and laughing.(现在分词)Mr Black came back drunk that night.(过去分词)Once you begin，you must continue.(句子)即时训练5 找出下列句子的状语He knows how to teach English properly.He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.He heard some noises when he was reading.答案 properly the day after tomorrow when he was
26、reading六、表语表语定义 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态 表语位置一般位于系动词(如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后 哪些词可以作表语表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)Is it yours？(代词)哪些词可以作表语The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one？(数词)His
27、job is to teach English.(不定式)哪些词可以作表语His hobby is playing football.(动名词)The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)Time is up.The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)即时训练6 找出下列句子的表语Africa is a big continent.Our chief method is to learn English through practice.Their job is
28、 teaching English.答案 a big continent to learn English through practice teaching English七、定语定语定义修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语 定语位置被修饰的词前或后 哪些词可以作定语名词，代词，名词或代词所有格，数词，形容词(限观形龄色国材)，分词，动名词，不定式，介词短语，句子可以作定语.哪些词可以作定语Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)China is a developing country;America is a developed country.(分词)Ther
29、e are thirty women teachers in our school.(名词)Is this your bike？(代词)His son needs Toms pen.(名词所有格)哪些词可以作定语Two boys need two pens.(数词)Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)He is reading an article about how to learn Engl
30、ish.(介词短语)The boy who is tall is my brother.(句子)即时训练7 找出下列句子的定语There are few women workers in the factory.The oil workers here come from Daqing.We have got ten desks in the room.Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science.答案 few women oil ten on modern science八、同位语同位语定义一个名词(其他形式)对另一个名词或代
31、词进行解释或补充说明，这个词(或其他形式)就是同位语 同位语位置同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起 充当同位语的词名词，动名词，不定式，形容词，名词短语，动名词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，形容词短语，直接引语，句子充当同位语的词Mr wang，my childs teacher，will be visiting us on Tuesday.(名词)I，the oldest girl in the family，always had to care for the other children.(名词短语)He enjoys the exercise，swimming，in wi
32、nter.(动名词)Asking him to join us，thats a good ides.(动名词短语)Their aspiration，to become free and independent，is deserving of every kind of help from us.(不定式)充当同位语的词The question what to do next hasnt been considered.(不定式短语)As the head of the company，he had to explain what had happened.(介词短语)He，short and
33、thin，is unfit for the job.(形容词)All the countries，big or small，are equal.(形容词短语)充当同位语的词But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone？”(直接引语)The girl were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.(句子)即时训练8 找出下列句子的同位语This is Miss Green，th
34、e new English teacher.We all wanted to see her.We are facing the question whether he has known it.答案 the new English teacher all whether he has known it.句子结构语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 1.The car stopped.2.Mary seemed pleased.3.I love ice cream.4.Tom gave me a present.1.例句1是主谓结构，谓语动词为不及物动词。2.例句2是主系表结构，表语为
35、形容词_。pleasedstopped5.We consider the work challenging.6.They work hard.7.We like the film very much.8.There is a sports centre in our school.3.例句3是主谓宾结构，宾语为名词。4.例句4是主谓宾宾结构，间接宾语为，直接宾语为。5.例句5是主谓宾补结构，宾语为，宾语补语为。6.例句6是主谓状结构，状语为。7.例句7是主谓宾状结构，宾语为，状语为_。8.例句8是存在句，由引导词引导。thereice creamapresentmethe workchalle
36、nginghardthe filmvery much英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成八种基本结构及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这八种基本结构是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语八种基本结构如下：基本结构一：主谓主语谓语(SV)基本结构二：主系表主语连系动词表语(SVP)基本结构三：主谓宾主语谓语宾语(SVO)基本结构四：主谓宾宾主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)基本结构五：主谓宾补主语谓语宾语宾语补语(SVOC)基本结构六：主谓状主语谓语状语(SVA)基本结构七：主谓宾状主语谓语宾语状语
37、(SVOA)基本结构八：存在句引导词there引导的句子基本结构一、主谓主语谓语(SV)谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，也无被动语态。如agree，lie，work，argue，lie，belong，come，go，reply等。_Tomhas arrivedHesmiled即时训练1 把下列句子译成英语会议已经开始了。他离开了。The meeting has begun.He left.基本结构二、主系表主语连系动词表语(SVP)连系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。连系动词除了be动词之外，还有：1表示感官的动词：feel，appear
38、，look，smell，taste，sound等；2表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，continue等；3表示转变、变化的动词：become，get，turn，go，run，fall，come，grow等。_Your pet dogisthereTombecamea doctor即时训练2 把下列句子译成英语这本书很有趣。他看上去是累了。The book is very interesting.He looks tired基本结构三、主谓宾主语谓语宾语(SVO)谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词。_HeteachesEnglishIloveyo
39、uIdont knowhow to learn EnglishShesaidthat she would study hard即时训练3 把下列句子译成英语她喜欢这些花。父亲买了辆汽车。他们已经离开了那家旅馆。She likes the flowers.Dad bought a car.They have left the hotel.基本结构四、主谓宾宾主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间有一个介词(t
40、o，for等)。_(me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语)_(us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语)The singer sang another song for us.The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.My father bought me a carThe singersangusanother song即时训练4 把下列句子译成英语他把这消息告诉了她。他给了我一个苹果。He told her the news.He gave me an apple.基本结构五、主谓宾补主语谓语宾语宾语补
41、语(SVOC)谓语动词为能带复合宾语(宾语宾语补语)的及物动词，这类动词叫作复合宾语及物动词。宾语补语是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾语补语的逻辑主语(暗含的主语)。_?Tommadethe babylaughHis illnesslefthimweakWefoundourselvesin great troubleWhatmadeyouhere即时训练5 把下列句子译成英语他叫我待在家里。这气味使他恶心。He told me to stay home.The smell made him sick.基本结构六、主谓状主语谓语状语(SVA)_The meetingbeginsa
42、t half past nineThe books of this kindsellwellMany changes took placein my home town即时训练6 把下列句子译成英语他们暂住在一家旅馆里。这种面包不好长期存放。They are staying in a hotel.This bread wont keep for a long time.基本结构七、主谓宾状主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)_Shestoppedteaching Englishtwo years agoIwilldoittomorrowIliketo swimthis afternoon即时训练7 把
43、下列句子译成英语这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。他的话使我深受感动。我很容易地找到了这本书。The train leaves London at nine.What he said touched me greatly.I found the book easily.基本结构八、存在句引导词there引导的句子所谓存在句，就是指表示某处存在有某人或某物，其典型结构是there be.这类表达，所以存在句在通常情况下指的就是there be句型。there be句型中的there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化；there be后面的名词为句子主语。_
44、a garden at the back of the house._fewer boys than girls in my class._not enough people to do the job.There areThere isThere are即时训练8 把下列句子译成英语门口有个男人。房间里有几个女孩。桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。There is a man at the door.There are some girls in the room.There is a pen and some books on the desk.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1got on th
45、e bus.2He handed the newspaper.3I your question 4What a Chinese painting!5They went hunting The studentsschoolmeshall answerafter classbeautifultogether early in the morning6 job is 7He took 8There tonight.9He to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10 is Histo train swimmersmany photos of the palaces in Bei
46、jingis going to bean American filmisHis wishto become a scientist答案 1.主语，定语 2.间接宾语 3.谓语，状语 4.定语 5.状语，状语 6.定语，表语 7.宾语，状语 8.谓语，主语 9.谓语 10.主语，表语.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1He managed to finishing the work in time.2The apples were tasted sweet.3Would you please tell to me your address？4It is our duty to keep our classroom cleanly and tidy._5There is hundreds of people on the waiting list.finishingfinishwere tastedtaste去掉tocleanlycleanisare课 时 分 层 作 业 点击右图进入 Thank you for watching!
