1、课时分层作业(十三).单词拼写1I blamed George for the failure of the talks.2The town fell into a decline after the mine closed.3Personal characteristics(特征)，such as age and sex are taken into account.4The case has generated(产生) enormous publicity in Brazil.5Studies suggest that life originated only once，from a si
2、ngle ancestor.6He suspected that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin.7The interviews were given to a random sample(样本) of students.8The time we spent together is now a distant memory.阅读理解AWhen a leafy plant is under attack，it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schul
3、tz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile o
4、rganic compounds，VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double
5、 duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usuall
6、y more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches，and so，in
7、 effect，was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry.So information was exchanged，but it wasnt a true，intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.Our sens
8、es are weak.Theres a whole lot going on.【语篇解读】当植物受到攻击时它们怎么反应？怎么交流？1What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt makes noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.D根据第一段“Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a
9、particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌出一种化学物质，故D项正确。2What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?AThe attackers get attacked.BThe insects gather under the table.CThe pla
10、nts get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.A词义猜测题。根据第三段“Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”可知，一旦它们到达这里，攻击者就成为植物的午餐，故A项正确。3Scientists find from their studies that plants can .Apredict natural disastersBprotect themselves agai
11、nst insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbors when necessaryB细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.”可知，植物分泌出VOCs，是为了保护自己，故B项正确。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe word is changing faster than ever.BPeople have st
12、ronger senses than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems.DPeople in Darwins time were imaginative.C推理判断题。根据最后一段“imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear”可知，这个世界比我们看到或者听到的更热闹更亲密，因此世界也比我们想象的更复杂，故C项正确。BBritish people work some of the longes
13、t hours in Europe，but are among the least productive.Now some companies are shortening the working week to increase efficiency，health and happiness.Rich Leigh has introduced a fourday week at his PR company.In fact，his entire company has Friday off，because his firm has adopted a fourday week.It is o
14、ne of a handful of UK businesses that now operate like this: staff still get paid their previous fiveday salary，but they work a day less.The company found that they achieved just as muchand there were even sighs of growth.“The key to the schemes success，” Leigh says，“is how happy our employees now a
15、re.”The average British worker takes only a 34 minute lunch break and works 10 hours overtime each week (more often than not this is unpaid)Yet UK productivity falls seriously behind their European neighbors，who tend to work fewer hours.British working practices have caused loss and damage to the na
16、tions health and happiness.More than half a million workers in the UK were signed off with workrelated stress or anxiety last year.Moreover，the work landscape itself is changing.Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market，where unsteady work becomes more common.Britain is th
17、e only EU member that allows workers to ignore the EU working time limit and work longer hours.For campaigners，now is the time for a change.OGrady，an advocate，argues that where businesses have increased their profits as a result of automation，success should be shared with workers in the form of redu
18、ced hours.“Its time to share the benefits from new technology，not allowing those at the top to grab them for themselves.” she says.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度。5We can learn from the passage that .ABritish people are the least productive in the worldBMost companies in Britain have conducted a fourday
19、weekCPR company has witnessed a rise in employees happinessDBritish people work longer and get more payment than other countriesC推理判断题。答案定位在第二段“The company found that they achieved just as muchand there were even sighs of growth.The key to the schemes success，Leigh says，is how happy our employees no
20、w are.”( 该公司发现他们也取得了同样的成绩甚至还有增长的迹象。“该计划成功的关键，” Leigh说，“是我们的员工现在有多快乐。”)由此推断出PR公司见证了员工幸福感的提升，故选C。6Which is the proper description of British working practices?AThe working time of British workers is within the EU limit.BIn terms of productivity，Britain is beaten by the United States.CProfits gained fr
21、om new technology are on the decrease.DAutomation and AI are likely to cause an instable work market.D细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market，where unsteady work becomes more common.”(自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响，不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。)由此可知，对英国工作实践的恰当描述是自动化和人工智能很可能导致不稳定的工
22、作市场，故选D。7Which can be inferred from OGradys words in the last paragraph?AIts time for employers to share the increased profits created by automation.BWorkers should benefit from automation in the form of less working hours.CNew technology should belong to both businesses and workers.DBusinesses cant
23、 make more profits without new technology.B推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段“OGrady，an advocate，argues that where businesses have increased their profits as a result of automation，success should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours.”(拥护者OGrady认为，在自动化提高了企业利润的地方，成功应该以减少工时的形式与工人分享。)由此推断出OGrady的话的意思是工人应该从减
24、少工作时间的自动化中获益，故选B。8What is the authors purpose of writing the passage?ATo introduce some British firms switch to a fourday working week.BTo explain the reasons why British workers suffer stress and anxiety.CTo appeal for more reasonable working conditions.DTo present the current productivity problem
25、in Britain.A写作意图题。第二段“Rich Leigh has introduced a fourday week at his PR company.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知这篇文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度，故选A。.阅读七选五Different weather makes people feel different.It influences (影响) health，intelligence (智力) and feelings.In August，it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the Unite
26、d States. 1 .In the Northeast and the Middle West，it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times.People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.The weather can also influence intelligence.For example，in a 1983 report by scientists，IQ (智商) of
27、a group students was very high when a very strong wind came，but after the strong wind，their IQ was 10% lower. 2 .Very hot weather，on the other hand (另一方面)，can make it lower.Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August)Weather a
28、lso has a strong influence on peoples feelings.Winter may be a bad time for thin people.They usually feel cold during these months.They might feel unhappy during cold weather. 3 .They even dont like to do outdoor activities.Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. 4 .There is a “good weather
29、” for work and health.People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度)Are you feeling sad，tired，forgetful，or unhappy today? 5 .AIt may be the weathers problemBWarm weather can have a bad effect on healthCThe wind can help people have higher intelligenceDBut fat people may have a hard t
30、ime in hot weatherEPeople may have higher intelligence when low air pressure comesFPeople leave more bags on buses and in shops on low pressure daysGPeople there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month【语篇解读】本文讲述了天气对人们各个方面的影响。1G推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句话“In the Northeast and th
31、e Middle West，it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times.People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.”(在东北部和中西部，有时非常热，有时非常冷。在这些州的人们在二月或者三月的变天后更多地患有心脏病。)可知，人们在很热或者很冷的情况下容易诱发心脏病，所以，在八月，美国的南部地区炎热且潮湿的时候，人们很容易得心脏病和其他疾病，故选G。2C推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“
32、For example，in a 1983 report by scientists，IQ(智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came，but after the strong wind，their IQ was 10% lower.”(例如，根据1983年的一个科学报告，当强风到来的时候，一组学生的智商在此时是非常高的，但是在强风走后，他们的智商下降了10%)，所以得出的结论就是：强风可以帮助人们使他们的智商变高。故选C。3D推理判断题。由第四段开头“Weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings.”可知，天气可以影响人们的感觉。然后讲了冬天对于瘦人来说可能是一个很坏的时刻，因为他们因为瘦而感到寒冷；说完瘦人就开始说胖人来作为一个对比：胖人在夏天也不好过。故选D。4F推理判断题。根据第五段开头“Low air pressure(气压) may make people forgetful.”(低气压可能使人们健忘)可知，接下来作者可能会讲人们在低气压下健忘的表现，故选F。5A推理判断题。最后一段是对全文的一个总结：如果你感到悲伤、难过、健忘和不开心，那就是天气在作怪。故填A。
