1、Unit 4 Adversity and Courage课时素养检测 十四Unit 4Period 2. 阅读理解A(2020福建高二检测)Dear daughters, Most parents tell their children, “You can be anything you want when you grow up. ” I feel the same and I say this often. But I also want you to understand that realizing your dreams comes from hard work, some good
2、 luck and good timing. Girls, here are some words of wisdom as you make your way in the world, from an entrepreneur (企业家) and from your mama. 1. Be open-minded to changing your path (even several times) along the way. In high school, I wanted to be a politician. I left my hometown and went off to co
3、llege in Washington, DC. There, I discovered that I loved to support women. It taught me that Im creative, a strong leader and great at marketing. As a result, I moved on to be the head of a national health care nonprofit. Becoming a mother while in that job opened my mind to launching a breast pump
4、 bag (储奶袋) business. Now I run a highly successful company that I started up on my own. Figure out what you are good at and what you are passionate about. Keep an open mind; the initial (最初的) path you choose may lead you into other areas. Dont waste your money or time, but constantly change what you
5、 are doing professionally based on what you are learning about yourself. 2. Failure is critical to your successI wont tell you to feel good about failure. Failure can be heartbreaking. But I will tell you that every failure Ive had along the way has absolutely made me better. Failing the big math ex
6、am in high school and going to summer school was embarrassing. I eventually passed, and Ive never failed an exam again. I learned from that experience to ask for help. Now, I ask for help in business all the time. Being passed over for a significant job opportunity that I was more than qualified for
7、 because of unfair assumptions (being too young for the role) hurt me. I had a three-month pity party. And then I went out and got a big job at a national organization at age 27. Its okay to get angry! Take that and turn it into positive action. Im proud to be a role model to you as a mom and an ent
8、repreneur. I hope I inspire you to believe that you can be anything you want and you can have everything on your list. It will be my pleasure to watch your lives unfold before my eyes. Love, Your mom【语篇概述】本文主要叙述了作者作为一位母亲, 她用自己的经历对女儿们的未来提出了一些宝贵的建议。比如要努力, 思维要开放, 根据自己的特长不断调整自己, 找到适合自己的职业。不要害怕困难, 遇到困难要敢
9、于向他人求助。1. The author wrote this letter to her daughters mainly to_. A. share her own past regrets with themB. tell them how she has succeeded in businessC. make some suggestions for their future livesD. encourage them to be who they want to be【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段“But I also want you to understand that
10、 realizing your dreams comes from hard work, some good luck and good timing. ”以及第二段“Girls, here are some words of wisdom as you make your way in the world, from an entrepreneur and from your mama. ”可知, 作者想让她的女儿们明白实现梦想不仅要有好运气、好时机, 更要努力。因此作为一个企业家的妈妈想给她们一些建议。也就是对孩子们的未来提出一些建议。分析选项可知C项(对她们未来的生活提出一些建议)符合题
11、意, 故选C。2. According to the article, the author_. A. is a successful politician and entrepreneurB. is worried about her daughters career choicesC. is against frequently changing ones professionD. thinks one should be willing to change his or her career path 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一个建议“Be open-minded to chan
12、ging your path (even several times) along the way. ”以及“Keep an open mind; the initial path you choose may lead you into other areas. ”可知, 作者认为一个人应该愿意改变自己的职业道路。分析选项可知, 故选D。3. What did the author learn from her failure? A. We shouldnt get angry when we fail. B. Its important to turn to others for help
13、. C. Work hard to make sure you are qualified. D. Dont care too much about the injustices you face. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二条建议中“Failing the big math exam in high school and going to summer school was embarrassing. I eventually passed, and Ive never failed an exam again. I learned from that experience to a
14、sk for help. Now, I ask for help in business all the time. ”可知, 作者在高中数学大考不及格, 只好上暑期班(寻求帮助), 才通过考试。从那次经历中懂得要寻求帮助。现在, 我一直在商业上寻求帮助。由此可知, 失败时要学会(向他人)寻求帮助, 才能成功, 从而得出寻求帮助很重要。故选B。4. Which of the following words best describe the author? A. Passionate and flexible (灵活的). B. Modest and cautious. C. Caring a
15、nd generous. D. Proud and humorous. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文主要叙述了作为母亲的作者对女儿们的未来提出了一些建议, 比如要努力, 思维要开放, 根据自己的特长不断调整自己, 找到适合自己的职业。不要害怕困难, 遇到困难要敢于向他人求助。可以看出作者做事灵活(flexible)。由文章中“Figure out what you are good at and what you are passionate about. (弄清楚你擅长什么, 对什么充满激情。)”可知作者是一个有激情的(passionate)人, 故选A。B(2020中山高二检测)Univ
16、ersity of Pennsylvania researchers say that for the first time they have linked social media use to increases in depression and loneliness. The idea that social media is anything but social when it comes to mental health has been talked about for years, but not many studies have managed to actually
17、link the two. To do that, Penn researchers, led by psychologist Melissa Hunt, designed a study that focused on WeChat, SnapChat and Instagram. The study was conducted with 143 participants, who before they began, completed a mood survey and sent along photos of their battery screens, showing how oft
18、en they were using their phones to access social media. “We set out to do a much more complete study which attempts to imitate real life. ”Hunt said. The study divided the participants into two groups: The first group was allowed to maintain their normal social media habits. The other, the control g
19、roup, was restricted to 10 minutes per day on social media. The restrictions were put in place for three weeks and then the participants returned and were tested for outcomes such as fear of missing out, anxiety, depression and loneliness. The results showed a very clear link between social media us
20、e and increased levels of depression and loneliness. “Using less social media than you normally do would lead to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness, ” Hunt said. Social media invites what Hunt calls “downward social comparison”. “When youre online, it can sometimes seem that eve
21、ryone else is cooler and having more fun and included in more things and youre left out, ” Hunt said. And thats just generally discouraging. “Every minute you spend online is a minute you are not doing your work or not meeting a friend for dinner or having a deep conversation with your roommate. ” A
22、nd these real life activities are the ones that can encourage self-esteem and self-worth, Hunt added. “People are on their devices, and thats not going to change, ” she said. But as in life, a bit of control goes a long way. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了社交媒体的使用与抑郁症的不断增加是有紧密联系的, 由此可以看出: 社交媒体影响心理健康。5. Before th
23、e study was conducted, the participants completed a survey to_. A. imitate peoples real lifeB. link loneliness to depressionC. show their use of social mediaD. prove social media is important【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段The study was conducted with 143 participants, who before they began, completed a mood surv
24、ey and sent along photos of their battery screens, showing how often they were using their phones to access social media. 可知这项研究有143名参与者, 在开始之前, 他们完成了一个情绪调查, 并发送了照片, 显示他们使用手机访问社交媒体的频率。所以在这项研究前, 调查了参与者对社交媒体的使用, 故选C。6. The results of the study showed using less social media would result in_. A. people
25、s fear of missing outB. higher levels of depressionC. obvious relief in lonelinessD. lower levels of happiness【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段“Using less social media than you normally do would lead to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness”, 可知使用比平时少的社交媒体会使抑郁和孤独感显著降低。故选C。7. In Hunts opinion, whi
26、ch activity benefits more to mental health? A. Hiking out with friends. B. Making comparison with others. C. Playing computer games in spare time. D. Logging onto social media and having fun. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Hunt说的话“Every minute you spend online is a minute you are not doing your work or not mee
27、ting a friend for dinner or having a deep conversation with your roommate. And these real life activities are the ones that can encourage self-esteem and self-worth, Hunt added. ”可知现实生活中的活动可以鼓励自尊和自我价值。可见和朋友一起远足对精神健康有好处, 故选A。8. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. A Study on Social MediaB.
28、How to Improve Mental HealthC. People Addicted to Social MediaD. Social Media Influences Mental Health【解析】选D。标题归纳题。根据文章第一句“University of Pennsylvania researchers say that for the first time they have linked social media use to increases in depression and loneliness. ”可知本文通过把社交媒体的使用与抑郁症和孤独感的增加联系起来进行研
29、究, 得出最终的结论: 社交媒体影响心理健康。故选D。. 完形填空“Daily Star, sir, ” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty papers left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was heavy. The shops would soon close, and all the peopl
30、e would go home. He would have to go home too, carrying the papers1money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a2for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He3as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.
31、 “You dont know the4of selling papers. You must shout, Hot news! Bomb bursting! ” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “But its not in the paper at all, ” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly5they have time to see, and youll6out and get your money, ” Chad said. It was a new7to Jason. He thought of his
32、bird with no seeds and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was8that he would not tell a lie. Though he was just a poor newsboy, he had been9some good things. The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers10. Several boys were crowding around Chad, who declared with a11smile tha
33、t he sold six dozen the day before. He added that Jason12money because he would not tell a lie. The boys13at Jason. “You wouldnt tell a lie yesterday, my boy? ” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jasons shoulder14, “Youre just the boy I am looking for. “ A week later Jason started his new1
34、5. He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he told the truth. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。报童Jason不想撒谎, 没有卖掉所有的报纸, 无法给妈妈买蛋糕, 给鸟儿买鸟食, 还被别的报童嘲笑, 但最后因为诚实, 他得到了一份高薪的工作。1. A. instead of B. in return for C. in spite ofD. in exchange for【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意: 他也得回家
35、, 带着报纸, 而不是钱。instead of代替, 而不是; in return for作为回报; in spite of即使; in exchange for交换。根据上文but there were still twenty papers left可知, 报纸没卖出去, 因而拿回家的只能是剩下的报纸, 而不是挣的钱。故选A。2. A. banjoB. cardC. combD. cake【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他本来希望今晚能多卖些报纸, 多赚点钱给他妈妈买个蛋糕, 给他的鸟买点鸟食。banjo班卓琴; card卡片; . comb梳子; cake蛋糕。根据下文the c
36、ake he wanted to buy for his mother可知, 他想给母亲买的是蛋糕(cake)。故选D。3. A. gave inB. broke down C. got awayD. turned down【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 他一想到没有卖掉所有的报纸就情不自禁地哭了起来。gave in屈服, 让步; broke down情不自禁地哭起来; got away逃离; turned down拒绝。根据as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers可知, 他一想到没有卖掉所有的报纸就情不自禁地哭了起来。故选
37、B。4. A. difficultyB. processC. enthusiamD. secret【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 你不知道卖报纸的诀窍。你必须大喊: 最新消息! 爆炸性消息! 另一个报童Chad告诉Jason。difficulty困难; process过程; enthusiam热情; secret秘密, 诀窍。根据You must shout, Hot news! Bomb bursting! 可知这里表示不知道卖报纸的诀窍。故选D。5. A. beforeB. sinceC. thoughD. unless【解析】选A。考查连词词义辨析。句意: Chad说: “趁他们
38、还没来得及看, 赶快跑掉, 你就会把报纸全部卖掉, 赚到钱。”before在之前; since自从; though尽管; unless如果不。根据they have time to see可知, 这里表示在人们看报纸之前就跑掉, 应用连词before。故选A。6. A. callB. dropC. sellD. reach【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: Chad说: “趁他们还没来得及看, 赶快跑掉, 你就会把报纸全部卖掉, 赚到钱。”call呼叫, 召集; drop下降, 终止; sell出卖, 推销; reach伸出。根据and get your money可知, 把报纸全部卖掉才
39、能赚到钱, sell out卖出, 卖光。故选C。7. A. ideaB. taskC. policyD. edition【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意: 对Jason来说这是个新主意。idea主意, 想法; task任务; policy政策; edition版本, 故选A。8. A. concernedB. amazedC. excitedD. resolved【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 他想起了那只没有鸟食吃的鸟和那块他想给妈妈买的蛋糕, 但他下定决心不说谎。concerned担心的, 关心的; amazed吃惊的; excited兴奋的; resolved下定决心的。根据
40、转折词but和he would not tell a lie可知, 此处表示他决心不说谎话。故选D。9. A. taughtB. handedC. awardedD. motivated【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 尽管他只是一个可怜的小报童, 但他被教育要有优良的品质。taught教; handed交; awarded授予; motivated激励。根据some good things可知他被教育要有优良的品质。故选A。10. A. at onceB. by chanceC. as usualD. on purpose【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意: 第二天下午, Jason
41、像往常一样去邮局取报纸。at once立刻; by chance偶然; as usual像往常一样; on purpose故意地。根据The next afternoon及上文内容可知, 这里表示第二天下午, Jason像往常一样去邮局取报纸。故选C。11. A. proudB. gentleC. warmD. polite【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 几个男孩围在Chad身边, Chad面带微笑, 自豪地宣称前一天他卖了6打报纸。proud自豪的; gentle温柔的; warm温暖的; polite礼貌的。根据that he sold six dozen the day bef
42、ore可知, 这里表示Chad是很自豪自己卖了那么多的报纸。故选A。12. A. borrowedB. lostC. madeD. saved【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: Chad补充说, Jason因不愿撒谎而没挣到钱。borrowed借; lost失去; made制造, 使; saved挽救, 节省。根据because he would not tell a lie可知, Jason因为不愿撒谎而没挣到钱。故选B。13. A. laughedB. shoutedC. noddedD. stared【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 男孩们嘲笑Jason。laughed嘲笑;
43、shouted大叫; nodded点头; stared盯着看。根据语境可知, 那些男孩在嘲笑Jason, 故选A。14. A. bravelyB. gratefullyC. fondlyD. modestly【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 办公室里的一位先生走过来, 温柔地拍了拍Jason的肩膀, “你正是我要找的男孩。”bravely勇敢地; gratefully感激地; fondly温柔地; modestly谦虚地。根据下文Youre just the boy I am looking for可知, 那位先生对他是喜欢的, 因而他温柔地拍了拍Jason的肩膀。故选C。15. A.
44、dutyB. businessC. jobD. corporation【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 一周后, Jason开始了他的新工作。duty责任; business生意; job工作; corporation公司。根据下文but got a well-paid job because he told the truth可知, Jason得到了一份报酬很好的新工作。故选C。【技法导练】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如, 第2小题, 根据下文the cake he wanted to buy for his
45、mother可知, 他想给母亲买的是蛋糕, 故选D项; 第15小题, 根据下文but got a well-paid job because he told the truth可知, Jason得到了一份报酬很好的新工作, 故选C项。语法填空China is developing 5G technology 1. _(promote) the development of intelligent port construction as it aims to become an 2. _(advance) country in intelligent shipping, according t
46、o a report 3. _(release) on Friday at 4. _international conference in Shanghai. The report says more 5. _(port) in the country are developing rapidly thanks 6. _ 5G technology and this technology is important to the development of intelligent ports 7. require strong connections with low latency, lar
47、ge bandwidth and high reliability. The port of Qingdao was the worlds first 8. (apply) 5G technology to operations in January. Similar projects 9. _(follow) across the country ever since. In June, a 5G Smart Port Innovation Lab 10. _(approve), which was to push forward the construction of the first
48、5G smart port in many cities in China. 【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文, 介绍了为了促进智能港口的建设, 成为智能运输业的领先国家, 中国正在大力发展5G智能港口。今年一月, 青岛港成为第一个应用5G技术的港口, 随后中国将在更多城市应用5G技术。1. 【解析】to promote。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应填非谓语动词, 再结合句意可知此处应表示“为了促进智能港口建设”, 表目的用不定式, 故填to promote。2. 【解析】advanced。考查形容词。此处应填形容词修饰名词country, 故填advanced。3. 【解析】releas
49、ed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处是非谓语动词作后置定语, 逻辑主语report和release(报道)之间是动宾关系, 故用过去分词, 故填released。4. 【解析】an。考查冠词。此处应表示“在一个国际会议上”, 是泛指, 故用不定冠词, 又因international的读音是以元音音素开头的, 故填an。5. 【解析】ports。考查名词。port(港口)是可数名词, 根据前面的more判断此处用复数形式, 故填ports。6. 【解析】to。考查固定短语。此处考查短语thanks to幸亏, 由于, 故填to。7. 【解析】which/that。考查定语从句。分析句子可知
50、此处是定语从句关系词, 指物的先行词ports在从句中充当主语, 故应填关系代词, 故填which/that。8. 【解析】to apply。考查不定式。此处考查名词是序数词或被序数词修饰时, 用不定式作后置定语, 故填to apply。9. 【解析】have followed。考查现在完成时。分析句子可知, 此处是句子的谓语, 根据ever since(自从)判断为现在完成时, 主语projects是复数, 故填have followed。10. 【解析】was approved。考查时态和语态。分析句子可知, 此处是句子的谓语, 根据后文的was判断为一般过去时, 主语a 5G Smart Port Innovation Lab和approve(批准)之间是被动关系, 故用被动语态, 主语是单数, 故填was approved。
