1、北京市西城区2021届高三英语下学期二模试题（含解析）本试卷共14页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Chad Turns delivers for UPS in the small town of Dauphin, and is beloved by his customers. As seen in a video po
2、sted to Facebook, when Turns drove into a parking lot for what he thought was a _1_ up on Tuesday, he was greeted instead by a dozen residents clapping and yelling, “_2_, Chad!” Turns was so overcome with emotion that he pulled out his handkerchief to wipe his _3_.“Turns is well-known for his though
3、tfulness and _4_,” resident Jenny Shickley said, adding that he often leaves treats for their dogs when delivering packages. She organized the special event after people commented in a group Facebook post about what a(an) _5_ job Turns was doing.She raised $1,000 for Turns in two weeks in the small
4、town. The group gave him the generous gift with a large card signed by members of the _6_. Jenny said Turns had taken care of them for a year and they wanted to take care of him.“It is _7_ that this community feels so strongly about me,” Turns told the reporter. He said all UPS drivers deserve to be
5、 thanked in this way. He also added that he will pay it _8_ by continuing to provide the good service that he is known for.“Chad is a great UPSer,” UPS spokesperson Jackie Fajt said in a statement. “Celebrations like this really highlight the _9_ our drivers have with their customer base. We appreci
6、ate that UPS drivers like Chad are being _10_ for how they are moving our world forward.”1. A. pickB. checkC. warmD. move2. A. Watch outB. Thank youC. Cheer upD. Help us3. A. eyesB. noseC. mouthD. hands4. A. determinationB. courageC. patienceD. kindness5. A. newB. easyC. goodD. useful6. A. classB. c
7、ompanyC. familyD. community7. A. surprisingB. touchingC. interestingD. challenging8. A. outB. downC. forwardD. off9. A. bondB. problemC. lessonD. word10. A. attractedB. recognizedC. encouragedD. adopted【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了送货司机Chad Turns因为其出色的服
8、务和体贴善良得到了社区居民的认可，居民特别为他组织了一次庆祝活动，还筹集了1000美元送给他。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从Facebook上发布的一段视频中可以看到，周二，当Turns开车进入一个停车场时，他以为是来取货的，但实际上迎接他的是十几名居民，他们鼓掌并大喊，“谢谢你，Chad!”。A. pick采摘；B. check检查；C. warm温暖；D. move移动。根据上文“Chad Turns delivers for UPS in the small town of Dauphin, and is beloved by his customers.”可知Chad是一个送货
9、司机，所以推测他开进停车场以为是来取货的。故选A。【2题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：从Facebook上发布的一段视频中可以看到，周二，当Turns开车进入一个停车场时，他以为是来取货的，但实际上迎接他的是十几名居民，他们鼓掌并大喊，“谢谢你，Chad!”。A. Watch out当心；B. Thank you谢谢你；C. Cheer up欢呼；D. Help us帮助我们。根据后文“Jenny said Turns had taken care of them for a year and they wanted to take care of him.”可知这些居民是为了感谢Turns为
10、他们提供良好服务的，因此是说“谢谢你”。后文“He said all UPS drivers deserve to be thanked in this way.”也是提示。故选B。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Turns激动得掏出手帕来擦眼睛。A. eyes眼睛；B. nose鼻子；C. mouth嘴巴；D. hands手。根据上文“Turns was so overcome with emotion that he pulled out his handkerchief to wipe his”可知Turns被居民的行为所感动要落泪，所以是掏出手帕来擦眼睛。故选A。【4题详解】考查名
11、词词义辨析。句意：当地居民Jenny Shickley说：“Turns的体贴和善良是出了名的”，她还补充说，Turns在送包裹的时候经常给他们的狗狗留点好吃的。A. determination决心；B. courage勇气；C. patience耐心；D. kindness善良。根据上文“Turns is well-known for his thoughtfulness and”以及后文“he often leaves treats for their dogs when delivering packages”可知Turns是个体贴善良的人，在送包裹的时候经常给顾客的狗狗留点好吃的。故选D
12、。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人们在Facebook的一个群组帖子上评论了Turns做得多么好之后，她组织了这个特别的活动。A. new新的；B. easy容易的；C. good好的；D. useful有用的。根据前后文“what a(an) good Turns was doing”结合上文提到了Turns工作时的表现，可知大家讨论的是Turns工作做得多么好，do a good job“干得好”。故选C。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织送给他一份慷慨的礼物，上面有一张社区成员签名的大卡片。A. class班级；B. company公司；C. family家庭；D. c
13、ommunity社区。根据第一段中“by a dozen residents clapping and yelling”提到前来感谢的都是居民，可推测这里是社区成员签名的大卡片。后文“this community feels so strongly about me”也是提示。故选D。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这个社区对我的感情如此强烈，这很感人，”Turns告诉记者。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. touching动人的；C. interesting有趣的；D. challenging挑战的。根据后文“this community feels so strongly
14、 about me”以及上文提到Turns情绪激动擦眼睛，可推测社区的行为感动了他。故选B。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他还补充说，他将继续提供他出了名的良好服务。A. out离开；B. down向下；C. forward向前；D. off脱离。根据前后文“he will pay it by continuing to provide the good service that he is known for”可知为短语pay it forward表示“继续传播”。故选C。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的庆祝活动确实突显了我们的司机与他们的客户群之间的纽带。A. bond结合
15、，纽带；B. problem问题；C. lesson课程；D. word单词。根据后文“our drivers have with their customer base”结合上文客户为司机Turns组织感谢活动，可推测庆祝活动确实突显了司机与客户群之间的纽带。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们感谢像Chad这样的UPS司机，因为他们推动了我们的世界前进而得到认可。A. attracted吸引；B. recognized认可；C. encouraged鼓励；D. adopted采取。结合上文可知，Chad因为其出色的服务而得到大家的感谢，说明Chad这样的司机得到了认可。故选B
16、。第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。One day, a man found the pupa (蛹) of a butterfly. _11_ (see) an opening in the pupa, he realized that the butterfly was ready to emerge. So he sat down and watched as the butterfly struggled to force its body
17、 _12_ the little hole. However, minutes passed and the butterfly still couldnt get out. The struggle was too hard for its weak body. The man then _13_ (kind) enlarged the hole in the pupa so that the butterfly could finally break free. But instead of flying away, it just dragged itself around weakly
18、, then died. The struggle to break out of the pupa was necessary for the butterflys survival _14_ it enabled its wings and body to grow strong. Without the struggle, it was too weak to live.【答案】11. Seeing 12. through 13. kindly 14. because【解析】这是一篇记叙文。一个人看着一直蝴蝶艰难地从蛹里挣扎着出来，他好心地帮它挣脱出来，但是它因为太虚弱而死了。这个事让我
19、们知道挣扎着挣脱蛹是蝴蝶生存的必要条件。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到蛹上有一个开口，他意识到蝴蝶已经准备好出来了。分析句子结构可知，此句话已有谓语动词，再结合句意，此空应用非谓语动词作时间状语，动词see和逻辑主语he之间主动关系，所以用现在分词，故填Seeing。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：于是他坐下来，看着蝴蝶挣扎着把身体从小孔里挤出来。分析句子结构可知此空用介词连接空后名词，根据句意，此处表示“穿过，通过（洞孔）”，所以用through，故填through。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：然后那人好心地把蛹上的洞扩大了，这样蝴蝶终于可以挣脱了。此空是副词修饰动词enlarge
20、d，表示“好心地”，故填kindly。【14题详解】考查连词。句意：挣扎着挣脱蛹是蝴蝶生存的必要条件，因为那会使它的翅膀和身体变得强壮。此空用连词连接空前后两句完整的话，结合句意，后一句话是前一句话的原因，故填because。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Smartphones have become an essential part of our daily lives. However, _15_ (protect) younger students eyesight and make sur
21、e they focus on their studies, primary and middle schools will have more specific rules to limit students mobile phone use on campus.The Ministry of Education _16_ (release) a notice in January that restricts primary and middle school students from carrying mobile phones to school. Those who still r
22、equire their phones for some reason must get their parents and teachers approval and must hand their phones over during class time.The policy aims to improve students focus on study and fight for_17_ (addict) to the internet and games.【答案】15. to protect 16. released 17. addiction【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍
23、了手机对中学生的影响以及教育部发布关于限制中小学生携带手机上学的通知。【15题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，为了保护低年级学生的视力，确保他们专注于学习，中小学校将有更具体的规定来限制学生在校园里使用手机。此处要用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to protect。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：今年1月，教育部发布通知，限制中小学生携带手机上学。此处是谓语动词，主语是The Ministry of Education，根据in January可知时态要用一般过去时。故填released。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：该政策旨在提高学生的学习专注力，防止沉迷于网络和游戏。根据fight for
24、可知此处要用名词，作介词宾语。故填addiction。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Microplastics, referring to plastic fragments and particles (碎片和微粒) less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径), have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters belo
25、w the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth. Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different _18_ (spot). They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most _19_ (pollute) sample was from the Base Camp
26、 in Nepal, _20_most human activity on the mountain is concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter (升) of snow.【答案】18. spots 19. polluted 20. where【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍微塑料污染的情况，已经遍及世界各地，甚至在海拔8440米的珠穆朗玛峰上发现了微塑料。【18题详解】考查名词复数。句意：科学家们从19个不同的地点收集了雪和水的样本。根据空格前的数词19以及形容词different可知，此处应用可数名词
27、spot的复数形式。故填spots。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：污染最严重的样本来自尼泊尔的大本营，那里是人类活动最集中的地方。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语，动词pollute和所修饰的名词sample之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语，修饰名词。故填polluted。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：污染最严重的样本来自尼泊尔的大本营，那里是人类活动最集中的地方。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词为地点名词the Base Camp in Nepal，应用关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。第二部分:阅读理解(共两节
28、，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIceland has long been identified as having unique environments. Here you can walk and swim between tectonic (地壳构造的) plates, bath in geothermal waters, and experience the wild landscapes. Furthermore, these unique environments ha
29、ve attracted the space-science community to use Iceland as one of its test sites for missions travelling to Mars (火星).DAY 1Arrive in Reykjavik.After check-in, you will visit the geothermal pools of the Blue Lagoon to relax after your flight, before returning to your hotel to freshen up. You will the
30、n head to the Aurora Basecamp Observatory, where you will be able to see the northern lights recreated indoors. In the evening, space expert Niamh Shaw will give the first of two talks on our attempt to establish bases on other planets.DAY 2After breakfast, you will set out on special vehicles towar
31、ds ingvellir National Park, a registered UNESCO world heritage (遗产) site accompanied by Niamh. Here, you will have the opportunity to do something that you cant do anywhere else, the opportunity to swim between the tectonic plates. In the evening, you will enjoy a second talk from Niamh.DAY 3Today y
32、ou begin your journey towards the 2020 NASA test site, where the NASA SAND_E Mars Rover is being tested. NASA scientists will be on hand to explain the project, along with updates of the current Mars missions and the most recent findings.DAY 4In 2019, Iceland Space Agency hosted the ISAGEVR1 Expedit
33、ion to Grimsvtn Volcano on top of the Vatnajkull Glacier (冰川) to field test the MS1 Mars Analog Spacesuit designed by the NASA/Johnson space centre. We will be working together with the agency to create a unique experience for you today on the glacier.DAY 5In the afternoon, you will reach the bridge
34、 between the continents, spanning a gap in between the two tectonic plates, on your way to Keflavik Airport and your evening flight home.21. Who would be most interested in this travel arrangement to Iceland?A. Fiction writers.B. Space enthusiasts.C. Wildlife protectors.D. Professional swimmers.22.
35、Which days include chances to experience something about Mars?A. Day 1 and Day 2.B. Day 2 and Day 3.C. Day 3 and Day 4.D. Day 4 and Day 5.23. Which of the following can best promote this tour?A. “We hope to offer you a great opportunity to enjoy hiking.”B. “We will let you explore how NASA is a part
36、 of everyday life.”C. “We want to help you discover space science through the joy of travel.”D. “We will provide you a chance to experience the culture near the Arctic Circle.”【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了冰岛之旅五天的具体行程。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Furthermore, these unique environments have attr
37、acted the space-science community to use Iceland as one of its test sites for missions travelling to Mars (火星).(此外，这些独特的环境吸引了空间科学界把冰岛作为其前往火星任务的试验地点之一。)”可知，太空爱好者对这次冰岛之旅最感兴趣。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据DAY 3部分中“Today you begin your journey towards the 2020 NASA test site, where the NASA SAND_E Mars Rover is b
38、eing tested.(今天，你将开始前往2020年NASA测试地点的旅程，在那里NASA SAND E火星探测器正在接受测试。)”及DAY 4部分中“In 2019, Iceland Space Agency hosted the ISAGEVR1 Expedition to Grimsvtn Volcano on top of the Vatnajkull Glacier (冰川) to field test the MS1 Mars Analog Spacesuit designed by the NASA/Johnson space centre.(2019年，冰岛航天局主办了队前往
39、Vatnajkull冰川上方的Grimsvtn火山的ISAGEVR1探险，实地测试由美国宇航局/约翰逊航天中心设计的MS1火星模拟航天服。)”可知，第3天和第4天有体验有关火星的机会。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Furthermore, these unique environments have attracted the space-science community to use Iceland as one of its test sites for missions travelling to Mars (火星).(此外，这些独特的环境吸引了空间科学界
40、把冰岛作为其前往火星任务的试验地点之一。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是能体验航天科学的冰岛之旅，所以C项“我们想帮助您通过旅行的乐趣发现空间科学。”能最好地宣传这次旅行。故选C项。BSawyer Currents first visit to Isla Mujeres, a small island off the coast of Cancun, Mexico, was meant to be a getaway. But instead of relaxing on white sand beaches, Current was disappointed at the number of un
41、wanted animals wandering the streets. “Dogs were everywhere, coming out of the bushes and along the sides of the road,” she recalls of that trip 25 years ago. “They were dirty and covered with fleas and scars.” “It was sad,” she says. “I just couldnt stand to watch it.”Current decided to help fix it
42、. She built a second home on Isla Mujeres in 2000, and beginning with a skinny, toothless cat she rescued from the streets, she went on to find homes for more than 2,000 dogs and cats. Today, thanks to Currents efforts, the island no longer has a wild-dog problem, and “people are more aware of their
43、 pets needs,” says Marcelino Velazquez, 34, a property manager from Isla Mujeres. “They vaccinate them and dont abandon them on the streets. The way of thinking has changed.”For Current, it was a hard-fought transformation. “At first I was angry and thought it was horrible,” Current says of the cond
44、itions on the island when she began her work. “But these werent bad people. They were people without resources.” When she first arrived, the community had no small-animal vet, and animal control consisted of a team of government workers whod round up street dogs in a truck and kill them. “I used to
45、follow the truck, and when theyd go for lunch, Id let the dogs out,” she says. “One time I let the air out of their tires.”At one point she was caring for more than 65 rescued dogs in her home, and she estimates she has spent about $1 million of her own savings on her efforts. “It was exhausting,” s
46、he admits. Now Isla Animals has an on-site shelter with a small staff, and many volunteers and donors among the islands tourists. Each year the group re-homes more than 170 pets, many of which fly with volunteers to families in the U.S. and Canada.“Theres nothing in the world like finding a starving
47、 dog, nursing it back to good health and finding it a loving home,” Current says.24. What made Current feel disappointed with the island?A. Insects biting people.B. People without resources.C. Houses in poor conditions.D. Animals abandoned in the streets.25. Why did Current follow the truck and let
48、the air out of its tires?A. To show the local people how to solve their problems.B. To draw public attention to what she was doing.C. To stop the workers from killing the animals.D. To help the government punish bad people.26. Which of the following words can best describe Current?A. Loving.B. Ambit
49、ious.C. Intelligent.D. Cautious.【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sawyer Current在一个小岛Isla Mujeres度假时，看到很多流浪动物，感到失望，于是开始致力于救助这些流浪动物的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“But instead of relaxing on white sand beaches, Current was disappointed at the number of unwanted animals wandering the streets.(但是，Curren
50、t并没有在白色的沙滩上放松，而是对流浪动物的数量感到失望)”可知，动物被遗弃在街道上，这让Current对这个岛感到失望。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“When she first arrived, the community had no small-animal vet, and animal control consisted of a team of government workers whod round up street dogs in a truck and kill them. “I used to follow the truck, and when t
51、heyd go for lunch, Id let the dogs out,” she says. “One time I let the air out of their tires.”(她刚来的时候，这个社区没有小动物兽医，动物控制中心由一组政府工作人员组成，他们用卡车把流浪狗围捕并杀死。她说：“我过去常常跟着卡车，当他们去吃午饭时，我就把狗放出来，有一次我把他们轮胎的气给放了。”)”可知，Current会跟在卡车后面把轮胎放气，是为了阻止工人杀死动物。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theres nothing in the world like finding a s
52、tarving dog, nursing it back to good health and finding it a loving home,” Current says.(Current说：“世界上没有什么比找到一只饥饿的狗，照顾它恢复健康，给它找到一个充满爱的家更好的了。”)”结合文章讲述了Sawyer Current在一个小岛Isla Mujeres度假时，看到很多流浪动物，感到失望，于是开始致力于救助这些流浪动物的故事。可推知，Current是个有爱心的人。故选A。CUrban planners may soon have a new way to measure traffic
53、jams. By putting in the different routes by which vehicles can travel between locations, researchers have developed a new computer algorithm (运算法则) that helps quantify regions of jams in urban areas and suggests ways around them.The study, published in the Journal of Physics: Complexity, used traffi
54、c speeds from taxis in New York City to demonstrate how road infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavior can create complex road networks that differ among cities.The team approached the issue by designing a computer algorithm to capture the topology-or relationship between the different routes betwee
55、n locations-of road networks. “We found that the most significant traffic bottlenecks in Manhattan seem to arise as a result of the citys structural layout,” said study co-author Daniel Carmody. “For example, the fact that a bridge enters Manhattan at a range where traffic is already limited due to
56、Central Park slows traffic in the area considerably.”The researchers performed a comparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, to test if the algorithm works equally well in areas with different layouts. Manhattan has a long and thin structure, while Chengdu is round. There are sign
57、ificant differences in the way traffic moves between these two different setups, the researchers said.“The bottlenecks in Chengdu seem to arise due to the function of the buildings in a particular area” Carmody said. “For example, it is hard to travel in and out of the central business district in C
58、hengdu because of the large amount of traffic alone. Beltways, or faster streets around busy areas, have emerged in circles around this area, which is not surprising because this feature was intentionally built into the city.”In Manhattan, the bridges and underpasses that form the entry and exit poi
59、nts cause traffic slowdowns. However, in lower Manhattan, where drivers seem to obey the lower posted speed limits, traffic moves more smoothly, forming a new traffic beltway with the southern end of Central Park acting as a block between lower and central Manhattan.“It surprised us that there is an
60、 emergent beltway in such a busy area of Manhattan,” Carmody said. “This indicates that, unlike in Chengdu, beltways seem to arise from driver behavior even when they arent part of the structural plan of a traffic network.”“The researchers have imagined that this technology could give urban planners
61、 a means to quantify traffic patterns, leading to better traffic,” Carmody said. “As methods of transportation develop, new problems will emerge, and we hope that our tools will give planners new ways to measure what is going on with city traffic.”27. According to the new study, what contributes to
62、traffic jams in Manhattan?A. The number of bottlenecks and beltways.B. The location of bridges and underpasses.C. Road facilities and driver behavior.D. Road signs and urban population.28. Researchers also studied Chengdu in order to .A. compare the layouts of the two citiesB. find better infrastruc
63、ture for one cityC. design traffic patterns with the algorithmD. assess the effectiveness of the algorithm29. Why do vehicles move faster in lower Manhattan?A. Because of lower posted speed limits.B. Because drivers follow the traffic rules.C. Because it is planned in the traffic network.D. Because
64、a beltway has emerged around the area.30. Who is the target of this new computer algorithm?A. City planners.B. Slower drivers.C. Infrastructure developers.D. Road sign designers.【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员开发出了一种新的计算机运算法则，该法则可以帮助城市规划者量化城市地区的拥堵区域，处理交通堵塞的问题。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The s
65、tudy, published in the Journal of Physics: Complexity, used traffic speeds from taxis in New York City to demonstrate how road infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavior can create complex road networks that differ among cities. (这项发表在物理学杂志：复杂性上的研究，利用纽约市出租车的交通速度，展示了道路基础设施和司机的行为是如何在不同城市中创造出复杂的道路网络的)”可
66、知，根据这项新研究，是道路设施与驾驶员行为导致了曼哈顿的交通堵塞。故选C项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“The researchers performed a comparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, to test if the algorithm works equally well in areas with different layouts. (研究人员利用中国成都的交通模式进行了对比分析，以测试该运算法则在不同布局的地区是否同样有效)”可知，研究人员也对成都进行了研究，以评估运算法则的有
67、效性。故选D项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“However, in lower Manhattan, where drivers seem to obey the lower posted speed limits, traffic moves more smoothly (然而，在曼哈顿下城，司机似乎遵守较低的限速，交通移动更平稳)”可知，因为司机遵守交通规则，所以曼哈顿下城的车辆跑得更快。故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Urban planners may soon have a new way to measure traffic jams. (城市规划者可
68、能很快就会有一种处理交通堵塞的新方法)”可知，这个新的计算机运算法则的目标人群是城市规划者。故选A项。DBecause the commercial internet has been developed with so little regard for privacy, tech companies have been able to turn personal data into considerable profits, raising billions of dollars off their ability to collect and sell information about
69、 anyone who has wandered within shouting distance of their software. This week, Google announced a step in the right direction-but not a huge step, nor one that will stop Google from continuing to collect immense amounts of personal data.At issue is how online companies track internet users as they
70、browse (浏览) from site to site online, typically through cookies (information that a website leaves in your computer so that the website will recognize you when you use it again). The most harmful version, “third-party” cookies, is the web alternative of a company posting security guards across the i
71、nternet to monitor what you do, even when youre on other companies sites.Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it would no longer use or support third-party cookies, nor would it create or use any other technology that tracks individual users across the web. Given that Google is a main suppl
72、ier of online advertising technology, its change in approach will impact far and wide.Thats welcome news, although with huge amounts of warning. As Lee Tien of the Electronic Frontier Foundation noted, third-party cookies were already on the retreat, with Apple and other makers of popular web browse
73、rs moving to block them. Meanwhile, Google, Facebook and other Big Tech companies continue to collect personal information in large quantities from people who use their sites and services through first-party cookies and similar techniques.The concerns about personal data collection are the same whet
74、her its being collected through first-party or third-party techniques, said Michelle Richardson of the Center for Democracy and Technology. “Companies may use the information to discriminate among internet users, offering different goods, services and even prices to different users.”Instead of helpi
75、ng advertisers track individuals, Google says, it is improving a technology that assigns users namelessly to large groups with common interests. Thats an improvement, even though it too may be at risk of abuse. But why do any form of tracking at all? Privacy advocates say pitches (兜售) can be targete
76、d effectively by basing them on where the user is at the moment, not where he or she has browsed previously online.Ultimately, lawmakers are going to have to lay down regulations giving people far more control over whether and how personal information is used online. Ideally the federal (联邦的) govern
77、ment will set a strong floor under online privacy protections, but until then it will be up to state lawmakers or voters to act, as this state has done with its groundbreaking online privacy laws. Its good to see Google move the ball forward, but theres much farther to go.31. What does the underline
78、d phrase “on the retreat” in Para 4 most probably mean?A. Exposed.B. Removed.C. Emerging.D. Fading.32 It can be learned from the declaration that Google .A is developing new technologies to stop data collectionB. refuses to work with companies tracking privacyC. intends to abandon its advertising te
79、chnologiesD resolves to stop the use of third-party cookies33. From the passage we can know that first-party cookies .A. are still collecting personal informationB. are blocked by big companies like AppleC. are mainly used by advertising companiesD. are less concerning than third-party cookies34. Wh
80、at is the writers attitude towards Googles new move?A. It is less satisfactory than expected.B. It needs to be more forceful to be effective.C. It will accelerate the disappearance of cookies.D. It has driven lawmakers to make new regulations.【答案】31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了本周谷歌宣布停止使
81、用第三方cookies，这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步但并不是很大的一步，也不会阻止谷歌继续收集大量的个人数据。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“As Lee Tien of the Electronic Frontier Foundation noted, third-party cookies were already on the retreat, with Apple and other makers of popular web browsers moving to block them. (正如电子前沿基金会的李田指出的那样，第三方cookies已经_，苹果和其他流行浏览器制造商
82、开始屏蔽它们。)”由“苹果和其他流行浏览器制造商开始屏蔽它们”可猜测划线短语on the retreat意为“衰退，逐渐消失”。故选D项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it would no longer use or support third-party cookies, nor would it create or use any other technology that tracks individual users across the web.(谷歌周三在一篇博客文章中宣布，它将
83、不再使用或支持第三方cookies，也不会创建或使用任何其他技术来跟踪网络上的个人用户。)”可知，谷歌决心停止使用第三方cookies。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“The concerns about personal data collection are the same whether its being collected through first-party or third-party techniques, said Michelle Richardson of the Center for Democracy and Technology. (民主与技术
84、中心的米歇尔理查森表示，无论是通过第一方还是第三方技术收集个人数据，人们对这些数据收集的担忧是相同的。)”可知，第一方cookies仍然在收集个人信息。故选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ Its good to see Google move the ball forward, but theres much farther to go. (很高兴看到谷歌将向前推进，但是还有很长的路要走。)”可知，作者认为谷歌的新举措需要更加有力的推进才能有效。故选B项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
85、项。Youre faced with a lot of decisions in everyday work. There are multiple tasks calling for your focus, and you are burning daylight or even burn out trying to decide what comes first. _35_If youre going to think smarter about how you prioritize (排序) tasks, you have to invest a little time away fro
86、m your to-do list. Heres the thing: what you work on confirms your values. You may think its no big thing to work overtime for a little while, but something will be sacrificed with this decision. If youre a parent, you might spend less time with your kids. Similarly, if you choose not to work much o
87、r effectively, youre deciding that your values lie outside your career. _36_Write all the tasks down and create four boxes containing all of things you care about. This could be: helps the community, helps one-to-one relationships, makes money, and things you find personally fulfilling. Then place t
88、hem in the boxes and see how many of the boxes each one takes up. Anything that fills just one box has to be reconsidered. Anything that fills nothing should not be considered at all. _37_From here, the rest of the prioritization gets a little easier. You now have a better idea where the efforts are
89、 really paying off. You also know when you are wasting your own time.In order to figure out a plan for yourself, the first thing you should be doing is gathering all of your tasks, large and small. _38_ Other people are counting on you or your future self will depend on them somehow. These are actua
90、lly easier to prioritize. Then break down large tasks into smaller pieces. That helps put things in order. Part of the reason we do the small things first is that being productive feels good. Acknowledging accomplishments makes you more likely to keep going and pushes you through the more complicate
91、d tasks._39_ Notice when your energy levels are high and when they are weak. Be aware when youre more productive for social activities and when youre better off. The more you study yourself, the easier planning becomes.Now that you have your priorities in order, go ahead and you will boost your prod
92、uctivity.A. You can also prioritize based on energy levels.B. The good news is that some tasks can keep you motivated.C. So how can you figure out whats most important to work on first?D. This activity allows you to see where you really want to invest your energy.E. If you want to make a new list, y
93、ou need to turn to your colleagues for help.F. There are some tasks that are pretty straightforward and you need to do the thing.G. Where you invest your time is not just about what you value but also what you dont value.【答案】35. C 36. G 37. D 38. F 39. A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了有效排序任务的策略。【35题详解】前文“There ar
94、e multiple tasks calling for your focus, and you are burning daylight or even burn out trying to decide what comes first.”说明有许多任务需要你关注，你无法决定先做什么，后文几个自然段分别讲述怎么排序任务， 怎样分辨任务的重要性等，因此这里使用问句“那么，应该怎样来辨明首先要处理的最重要的事情是什么呢来引起后文。逻辑通顺。故选C。【36题详解】根据上文“Heres the thing: what you work on confirms your values.”以及接下来的
95、举例可知，本段讲述一个人的价值观是由致力于什么而确定的。并列举了几个例子。因此空格处进行总结说“你把时间投资到哪里，说明了你重视什么，同时也说明了你不重视什么”，故选G。【37题详解】上文“Write all the tasks down and create four boxes containing all of things you care about.”首先介绍了一种方法，把所有的任务写下来放在四个盒子里。横线后“the rest of the prioritization gets a little easier.”说“剩下的会更容易一些”故前后存在对比，因此空格处说“这项活动会让
96、你看清你想往哪里投入精力”。故选D。【38题详解】前文“In order to figure out a plan for yourself, the first thing you should be doing is gathering all of your tasks, large and small.”说把所有的大小任务都收集到一起，后文“Other people are counting on you or your future self will depend on them somehow.”说其他人指望你或者未来的自己依赖于这些。故中间用“有一些任务直接需要你做这些事”符合
97、语境，引领下文。故选F。【39题详解】后文“Notice when your energy levels are high and when they are weak.”说有时你的能量值高有时能量值低，故前文说的是“你可以基于你的能量值来排序优先性”，故选A。第三部分:书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节 阅读表达(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分)。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Some of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops
98、. People across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity in a caf.There are many ways coffee shops boost our creativity. The combination of noise, casual crowds and visual variety can give us just the right amount of distraction (注意力分散) to help us be sharpest and most creative.Some of
99、 us stick in earbuds (耳塞) as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But scientists have known for years that background noise can benefit our creative thinking. A suitable level of noise in a cafeteria can actually improve your creative output. If youre slightly distracted from the task at
100、 hand by some stimuli, it boosts your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.Theres also the fact that in a coffee shop, were surrounded by people whove come to do the same thing, which acts as a motivator. Simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot
101、 of effort can motivate you to work harder. Its similar to going to the gym for a workout. That is the social-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.Another thing that can make working at home or in the
102、 office tiring is the visual environment; often we sit in the same chair and look at the same four walls without relief. How the office is decorated has an effect on peoples creative thinking process. While researchers tried to address this by adding decorative lights, they soon found that the furni
103、shings (家具及日用设备) quickly became familiar and boring. Coffee shops, though, generally have visual stimuli. And hitting up different coffee shops keeps things even more varied.Researchers believe that there is no doubt about the “coffee-shop effect”. Even if working from home or office remains an opti
104、on for the long-term, the benefits of going to a coffee shop may be too good to pass up. And maybe the coffee is better.40. Why did some successful people do their best work in coffee shops?41. In what way is going to the gym similar to working in a coffee shop?42. Please decide which part is false
105、in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.When people feel the visual environment in their office is boring, they can redecorate the office or try some other working places to solve the problem.43. If you were free to choose a place to study in, where would you like to go? Why? (
106、about 40 words)【答案】40. Because coffee shops boosted their creativity. 41. Both of them have the social-facilitation effect. 42. When people feel the visual environment in their office is boring, they can redecorate the office or try some other working places to solve the problem.According to the pas
107、sage, the furnishings will soon become familiar and boring, and thus, redecorating the office can not solve the problem permanently. 43. 略【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。有些成功人士在咖啡店工作效率最高，文章对此现象背后的原因进行了分析，并表明咖啡店是一个工作的理想场所。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“There are many ways coffee shops boost our creativity. (咖啡店可以通过很多方式激发我们的
108、创造力) ”可知，因为咖啡店可以激发他们的创造力，所以有些成功人士在咖啡店工作效率最高。因为是用why提问，所以回答时要用because。问句为一般过去时，回答时也要用一般过去时。故答案为Because coffee shops boosted their creativity.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句“Its similar to going to the gym for a workout. (这就像去健身房锻炼一样)”和第四句中的“That is the social-facilitation effect(这就是社会促进效应)”可知，去健身房锻炼和在咖啡店工作的相似
109、之处就是它们都有社会促进效应。故答案为Both of them have the social-facilitation effect.【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据倒第二段第三句“While researchers tried to address this by adding decorative lights, they soon found that the furnishings (家具及日用设备) quickly became familiar and boring. (虽然研究人员试图通过添加装饰灯来解决这个问题，但他们很快发现，这些家具很快就变得熟悉而乏味)”可知，重新装饰办
110、公室并不能永久解决问题，所以“redecorate the office”错误，应在此处画下划线。原因是根据文章可知这些家具很快就变得熟悉而乏味。故答案为According to the passage, the furnishings will soon become familiar and boring, and thus, redecorating the office can not solve the problem permanently.【43题详解】考查开放回答。需要先回答你想去哪里学习，再解释原因。请注意字数应限制在40个单词以内。第二节(20分)44. 假设你是红星中学高
111、三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说外卖点餐(ordering meals online)在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括:1. 你是否经常外卖点餐；2. 你对外卖点餐的看法或感受。注意: 1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Youre quite right about ordering meals online being popular in China, especially for people who are too busy (or just too lazy)
112、to cook.I often order food online when my parents are at work, or when my family wants to try something that tastes different. The best about it is that its convenient. One just needs to place an order and pay for it online. Then, steaming-hot food arrives at your doorstep within an hour. Moreover,
113、there are many choices. We can order and taste diverse cuisines from various restaurants. It has also created millions of jobs and boosted the catering industry.Does it sound attractive? We can give it a try when you come to China!Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim回复一封邮件，介绍中国的外卖点餐。【详解】1. 词
114、汇积累在上班：on duty be at work推进：push boost不同的：different various吸引人的：appealing attractive尝试：try it give it a try2. 句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Moreover, there are many choices. We can order and taste diverse cuisines from various restaurants.拓展句：Moreover, there are so many choices that we can order and taste diverse c
115、uisines from various restaurants.【点睛】高分句型1 Youre quite right about ordering meals online being popular in China, especially for people who are too busy (or just too lazy) to cook.（运用了由who引导的定语从句）高分句型2 I often order food online when my parents are at work, or when my family wants to try something that tastes different.（运用了由when连接的状语从句和由that引导的定语从句）高分句型3 The best about it is that its convenient.（运用了由that引导的表语从句）
