1、Chapter 11 SBI Units 21 - 22重点句型1. It has been a long day. I cant keep my eyes open.2. We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.3. In many countries, shaking ones head means no and nodding means yes.4. A way of raying I am hungry is patting the stomach
2、before a meal.5. Unlike traditional amusement parks, theme parks often want to teach visitors something.6. What they all have in common is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn ,something.7. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they hav
3、e seen their heroes do in the movie.8. New theme parks are being built all over the world. 重点词汇1. unfair adj. 不公正的，不公平的2. customer n. 顾客；主顾3. avoid vt. 避免；消除4. incredible adj. 难以置信的5. manage vt. / vi. 做成(某事)；管理；经营6. fold vt. 折叠；合拢；抱住7. crazy adj. 疯狂的；狂热的8. firm adj. (指动作)稳定而有力的；牢固的9. handshake n. 握手
4、10. bend vt. / vi. 弯曲；专心于；屈服11. gently adv. 轻轻地；逐渐地12. occur vi. 发生；出现13. focus n. (兴趣活动等的)中心；焦点14. specific adj. 具体的；特有的15. amusement n. 消遣；娱乐(活动)16. souvenir n. 纪念物；纪念品17. attraction n. 吸引人的事物；吸引(力)18. collection n. 收集；搜集；聚集19. thrill n. 兴奋；激动；(使)激动；(使)胆战心惊20. minority n. 少数民族；少数21. educate vi. /
5、vt. 教育；培养；训练22. conservation n. (自然资源的)保护；管理；保存23. divide vt. / vi.分；划分；分开；隔开24. section n. 部分；区域25. shuttle n. 往返汽车；航天飞机26. risk vt. 冒的险27. injury n. 伤害；受伤处28. helicopter n. 直升飞机29. achievement n. 成就；功绩30. civilization n. 文明；歼化31. prevent vt./vi. 防止；妨碍32. twist n. 扭曲；盘旋 vi.扭弯；缠绕33. imagination n. 想
6、像(力)；空想；想像的事物34. designer n. 设计家；制图师35. darkness n. 黑暗；漆黑短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1. ahead _ (在空间或时间上比某人、某物)更 前；更早2. give / lend sb a _ 给某人帮助3. get _ 通过；渡过；到达4. tear _ 弄倒某物；拆除某物5. hold _ 举起；拿起；举出6. _ a face (对某人)做鬼脸；扮怪相7. _ order按顺序；整齐8. cut _
7、 切掉，切断；壅然中止9. free-fall _ 自由落体车乘10. _ eye contact 避免目光接触11. _ to 至于；就来看12. feel _ 情绪低落；感到低沉13. combine. _ . 把与结合起来14. large _ of 大量收集的15. _ ones way一路尖叫16. a _ park 主题公园17. go _ rides 乘车兜风18. base._ 以为基础19. _ a cable car乘缆车2O. have _ 消遣；玩得高兴 重点短语1. give sb. a hand 给某人帮助2. ahead of (在空间或时间上比某人、某物) 更前
8、；更早3. get through 通过；度过；到达；完成4. tear down 弄倒某物；拆除某物5. hold up 举起；拿起；举出6. at the North Polo 在北极7in order 按顺序；整齐8cut off 切掉；切断；突然中止9. eye contact 眼神接触10. as to 关于；就而言11. hold up ones head 昂起头12. combine.with.把与相结合13. from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化14. feel down 情绪低落15. communicate with 与交流16. have
9、 fun 玩耍，消遣17. a variety of 一系列的18. in space 在太空19. on the ocean floor 在大洋底20. learn about 了解 交际用语1. Shall I help you with that?2. Would you like some help? 3. Could you give me a hand with this? 4. Is there anything else I can do for you? 5. Could you help me with my English? 6. No, thank you. Thank
10、s for all your help. 7. No, thanks. I can manage it mymlf. 8. Thats very nice of you. 9. Excuse me, can you tell me where the roller coaster is?10. Go straight down this road, and then turn left. Go over the bridge.11. Excuse me. Am I going in the right direction?12. Its in that direction.【单词聚焦】【考点1
11、】ahead的用法 搭配： ahead of 在前头；早于；超过，优于 ahead of time / schedule 提前 get ahead (of.) 胜过，超过 Go ahead! 前进，有进展，请便 look ahead (喻)为未来着想或打算，未雨绸缪 push ahead 向前进。推进【考例1】2004天津 The other girls rushed _me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind. A. from behind B. ahead of C. next to D. close to考查目标本题考
12、查ahead及其构成短语的用法和词义。答案与解析B ahead of 表示“在前面”、“超过”可以表示时间、地点，也可以表示一些抽象意义。9. amusement u n. 娱乐，消遣，兴趣；C n. 快乐的 事；娱乐(品) The little girl looked at me in amusement. 小女孩饶有趣味地看着我。 To our great amusement, the teacher sang a funny song in class. 老师在课堂上唱了一首滑稽的歌，令我们非常愉快。 There were lots 0f amusements at the fair.
13、在展览会上有许多有趣的东西。 拓展amusement 的动词 amuse，是及物动词，意为 “使快乐，逗笑；给提供娱乐”。其用法如 下： (1) amuse sb. / oneself (with.) Her stow amused the children greatly. 她的故事逗得那些小孩十分开心。 (2) be amused at / by / with 以为乐 The audience was amused bv the malcicians tricks. 观众被魔术师的戏法逗乐了。 (3) be amused to do sth. 做取乐 I was very much amu
14、sed to see the seal perform its tricks. 我被海豹的特技表演逗乐了。 【链接】表示情感的动词的用法大致相同。 be surprised at. 因而吃惊 be surprised to do sth. 吃惊地干 be excited at. 因而兴奋 be excited to do sth. 兴奋地干 be disappointed at. 因而失望 be disappointed to do sth. 失望地干 be pleased at. 因而高兴 be pleased to do sth. 高兴地干 be delighted at. 因而高兴 be
15、 delighted to do sth. 高兴地干10. attract vt. (1) (以魅力等) 吸引 (人)，引诱；引起(注意、开心)。 构成 attract + n. 或 attract + n. + to + n. 把 (人等)吸引到。 The concert attracted a great number of people. 那场音乐会吸引了许多人。 (2) (物理的性质) 吸引住，构成：attract + n.。 Magnets attract iron. 磁石吸引铁。 attraction n. 魅力，吸引人之物；吸引(力) attractive adj. 有魅力的，吸
16、引人的，引人注目的3. contact (1) U 接触，触碰 The Lomb explodes on contact. 那颗炸弹一触碰就会爆炸。 (2) U (与人的)接触，交往，关系；联络，联系(多和 with连用) Have you been in contact / touch with him recently? 你最近与他有来往吗? Ive been trying t0 get in contact / touch with you since yesterday. 我从昨天起就一直试着与你联络。 make contact with 与联络 拓展 keep in contact
17、with = keep in touch with 与保 持联系 come in / into contact with sb. 与某人接触碰面 lose touch with = lose contact with 与失去联系 (be) out of touch = (be) out of contact 失去联系，中 断联络【考点9】detail的用法 构词：detailed adj. 详细的逐条的 搭配： for further details 为了知道详细情况 go / enter into details 详述，逐一细说 in detail 详细地 detail by detail
18、逐一【考例9】2005郑州模拟 In an extraordinary _ exposition Auckland Museum pays honor to this greatNew Zealander,. A. simple B. large C. detailed D. great考查目标 本题考查detail形容词的用法和意思。答案与解析C detailed这一过去分词的意思是“详细的”。12. divide v. (1) 分，分割，把分成(若干部分)。常与into 或 from 连用。 The country is divided into 12 provinces. 这个国家划分为
19、十二个省。 A low wall divides our garden from our neighbours garden. 一堵矮墙把我家的花园和邻居的花园隔开来。 (2) 分配，分发，分享。常与between，among，with连用。 The prize money will be divided among the three winners. 奖金将由三名优胜者均分。 (3) 除，除以。常与by，into连用。 15 divided by 3 is 5. 十五除以三等于五。13. experience (1) n. 经历，感受，体验 Child as he is, he has e
20、xperienced defeat. 尽管是个孩子，但他已经经历过失败。 Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years. 过去三十年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。 (2) U n. 经验 As a teacher with 5 years experience, she is good at making friends with her students. 作为一个有五年教师工作经验的人，她擅长和她的 学生交朋友。 C n. 经历，阅历 Ourjourney by camel was quite an exper
21、ience. 骑骆驼旅行真是一种令人难忘的经历。 提示 experience 的形容词为 experienced，常可构成 短语： be experienced in / at 对有经验 He is very experienced in planting trees. 他对种树很有经验。 拓展 experience.as 感受是，其中as后 可跟形容词，分词。 The theory is experienced as very advanced. 这个理论被认为是很先进的。1. express vt. (以言语、表情) 表达；叙述 构成express + n.或 express + n. +
22、 to sb. (对 某人表达)或 expmss + wh-从句。 His face expressed his disappointment. 他脸上浮现出失望的表情。 I cant express (to you) how encouraging your letter was. 你的来信多么令人鼓舞，我无法用言语表达。 拓展 express adj. 明确的；特殊的；快速的 It was her express wish that you should have her house after her death. 她明确表示她死后会把她的房子留给你。 I came here with
23、the express purpose of seeing you. 我特来此地看你。 an express train 快车【考点2】manage的用法 构词： management n. 经营，管理，处理，操纵，驾驶，手段 manager n. 经理，管理人员，管理器 搭配： manage to do sth 完成；设法办到 manage with 以设法应付 manage without 在没有的情况下应付过去【考例2】2004湖北 The 22-year-old student_to stop her by the side of the road in the winter nigh
24、tand opened the trunk. A. afforded B. wanted C. allowed D. managed考查目标 本题考查manage的词义和基本用法。答案与解析D manage后接不定式，表示“努力并且成功地做了某事”。5. mean vt. (1) (言词，事情等) 意味着，有的意思 构成 mean + n. / pron. 或 mean + that 或 mean doing sth. 或 mean + what.。 What does the word mean in this context? 在上下文中，这个词是什么意思? The sign means
25、(that) the road is blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通。 (2)(某人)意欲，意图，打算 构成 mean + n. 或 mean to do sth. 或 mean sb. + to do 或 meau sb. sth.。 We sometimes hurt peoples feelings without meaning it. 我们有时会在无意中伤害别人的感情。 She said I ignored her, but I didnt mean to. 她说我忽视了她，但我并没有这个意思。 I mean her no harm. = I mean no harm to
26、her. 我对她并无恶意。 (3)(对某人而言) 有的意义 构成mean + n. + to sb. 。 His girlfriend means the world to him. 他的女朋友对他来说实在太重要，。 Fame doesnt mean much to me. 名声对我而言无足轻重。【考点8】occur的用法搭配： sth occurs to sb. 浮现在某人的脑海中；被 某人想到 It (never) occurred to sb. that. 某人(从未)想到起【考例8】2005 江苏盐城模拟An eclipse of the sun_ when the moon pass
27、es between the earth andthe sun. A. happened B. occurred C. appeared D. rose考查目标 本题考查occur的词义以及它和一些近义词的区别。答案与解析B occur可以表示“突然发生”，但不是意外。6. opposite adj. 相反的；相对的，对面的；反对的 We took seats opposite to the directors. 我们坐在董事们的对面。 He and I are on opposite sides in this debate. 在这个辩论里，他和我站在相对的立场。 拓展 (1) opposi
28、te不但用作形容词，还用作： n. C 相反的事物，多和of连用。 Sweet and salty are opposites. 甜与咸正好相反。 (2) prep. 在的对面 The post office is opposite the station. 邮局在车站的对面。 (3) adv. 在对面，在相反的位置 There is a bar opposite. 对面有一家小酒吧。14. risk v. (1) 使冒危险，作赌注 You are risking your health. 你在以你的健康作赌注。 (2) 冒之险 He risked his parents anger by l
29、iving alone. 他冒可能惹他父母生气之险独自生活。 If you put money into the stock market, you will risk losing it. 如果你把钱投入股市就要冒风险。【考点10】risk的用法 搭配： at risk 在危险中；有危险 at all / any risks 无论冒什么危险；无论如何at the risk of (= at risk to) 冒之险；不顾；之风 险 at ones own risk (损失、风险等)负责自负；自担风险 run / take risks / a risk 冒险 run / take the ri
30、sk of doing sth 冒险做某事 risk doing sth 冒的危险 risk ones fortune / health / life 冒着财产健康性 命的风险 Its (not) worth the risk (不)值得冒这个险【考例10】When children start smoking, they dont real-ize that theyre their health. A. cost B. care C. risk D. keep考查目标 本题主要考查 risk 作动词的用法。答案与解析C risk ones health 意为“拿自己的健康去冒险”。【考点4
31、】step的用法搭配： step in 走进；调停，排解，介入，干涉 step this way 请这边走! 请跟我来! keep step (with) (与)步调一致 in step (with.) 齐步；(和)步凋一致 out of step (with.) (和)步调不一致 miss ones step 失足 take steps to do sth 设法；采取措施干某事 mind / watch ones step 小心地行走；谨慎行事 step by step 一步一步地；逐步地；逐渐地【考例4】NMET 1998Look at them! Theyre all outof _ e
32、xcept my John! Isnt he the best!” A. sight B. order C. mind D. step考查目标 本题考查step构成的短语的意思。答案与解析D out of step的意思是“步法混乱”。这是母亲溺爱儿子指责别人的一句话。【考点5】tell的用法搭配： tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告诉某人 tell sb of / about sth 告诉某人 tell sb to do sth 吩咐某人 tell (of) 谈起说过 tell the time (钟)报时 tell.(apart)from. 分清，区分 for w
33、hat I can tell 据我所知 I (can) tell you (= let me tell you) 我敢说；确实 I told you so. 我早就跟你说过了。(意指我没说错， 你偏不听) There is no telling. 无法知道；难以预料。 You can never tell. (=You never can tell.) 谁也不知道；谁也没把握。 辨析：tell；inform这组近义词的一般含义是“把某消息或某件事转达给别人”。tell最通用，最不正式。它的含义是“把某事告诉某人”。它也含有给人“指示”的意思，即“叫某人做某事”。例如：Glancing at h
34、er scornfully, he told her that the dresswas sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服被卖了。While we were waiting to land, the airhostess told us tokeep calm. 当我们等待着陆的时候，一位飞机乘务员叫我们保持镇静。它的含义可以是“讲述某件事”。inform 的含义是“向某人传递信息”。虽然它可以表示把任何别人不知道的事情说出来。以使人知晓，但是这个词特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料。例如：I have just received a letter from my old s
35、chool informing me that my former headmaster, MrReginaldPage, will be retiring next week. 我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德佩奇先生将于下星期退休。友情提示：inform可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知。【考例5】2004 全国卷 Alice returned from themanagers offic, _ me that the boss wanted tosee me at once A. having told B. tells C. t0 tell D. telli
36、ng考查目标 本题考查tell的词义和语法变化。答案与解析D 这是作为补充说明的现在分词短语用法，tell在本句的句意是“告诉”。若用having told表示的则是“前提”，而不是补充说明。【考点3】touch 的用法 构词：touching adj. 动人的，令人同情的，令人感伤的 搭配： get in touch with 和取得联系 keep / stay in touch with 和保持联系 ， lose touch with 和失去联系，对变得生疏 out of touch with 同失去联系，无的消息【考例3】2004重庆 She _ the burned side ofhe
37、r face. A. pointed B. showed C. wiped D. touched考查目标 本题考查touch的意思。答案与解析D touch意思是“触摸”的意思。本句的句意是“她触摸了她滚烫的脸”。2. vary vt. & vi. 变化，改变，变更；相异 A good driver varies the speed of his car according tothe condition of roads. 优秀的司机会依照路况变换车子的速度。 These sweaters vary in size / color. 这些毛衣有各种不同的尺寸颜色。 Opinions on t
38、his matter vary from person to person. 对于这件事，人人意见不一。 My doctor said I should vary my diet more. 医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。 拓展various adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的variety n. 多变性，多样性；种种【考点6】warn 的用法 构词：warning n. 警告；预告，通知；借鉴，反面教材，教训搭配： warn sb of / about sth 提醒警告某人有 warn sb against sth 提醒警告某人提防 warn sb against doing sth 提醒
39、警告某人不要 warn sb(not)to do sth 提醒警告某人(不要) warn sb that-clause 提醒警告预先通知某人 give sb warning 预先通知某人(特指解雇、辞职、退租 等) without warning 突然【考例6】NMET 1996 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating考查目标 本题考查warn的宾语补语形式。答案与解析C warn是一个常规动词，后面接动词的不定
40、式形式作宾语补语。【考点7】wish的用法搭配： wish (sb) to do sth. 希望想要(某人) wish that-clause 但愿(从句用were型虚拟语 气) wish for 希望得到，渴望【考例7】NME 1991 We _ each other thebest of luck in the examination. A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished考查目标 本题考查wish的词义以及它和近义词的区别。答案与解析 D wish可以表示“祝愿”，后接代词(名词)宾语，然后接名词(或形容词)宾语补语。牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当
41、形式填空：(ahead, vary, touch, manage, step, tell, warn, detail,wish, risk)1. Next Ill ask Mr. Green to give some introduction in _. 2. The twins look the same, so I cant _ them from each other.3. When I left. Tom and his father _ in.4. I have _ you not to be late many times, but you are this time.5. Thi
42、s box is not heavy; I can _ myself.6. When we saw the film, all of us were _. 7. Best _ to all of you, my good friends!8. Anyone travelling without a passport runs the _ of being arrested.9. Few of us knew there was a big bridge 500 meters 【短语归类】15. cut off 切断、断绝、割掉 Many towns and villages had their
43、 water supply cut off because there was no electricity. 由于没电，许多城市及乡村的水源被切断了。 They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the bodies behind to rot. 他们杀死野牛，剥去皮任其尸体腐烂。 相关短语 cut down 砍伐，削减，压缩 cut out 删掉，戒掉 cut short 打断，中断，缩短 cut through 穿过 We must cut down our expenses. 我们必须削减开支。 Youd better cut O
44、Ut the unimportant details of the article. 你最好删掉文章中那些无关紧要的细节。 He cut short his tour abroad and returned home. 他缩短了国外行程，回到了国内。 In China, the Tropic of Cancer cuts through Guangdong province. 在中国，北回归线穿过广东省。【考点3】含cut的短语 cut down 砍倒，减少，降低 cut in 插话，打断 cut up 切碎，挫伤 cut off 切断，断绝，隔绝 cut through 抄近路穿 cut o
45、ut 割掉，删掉例句 He was asking $400 for the ca, but we cuthim down to $350. 这辆汽车他要价400美元，但是我们把价杀到350美元。The child kept cutting in while l talked with his father.这个小孩在我与他父亲讲话时，老插话。The trees cuts off our view of the sea. 这些树挡住了我们看大海的视线。【考例3】(2005湖南) I was just talking to Margarmwhen Jackson _. A. cut in B. c
46、ut down C. cut out D. cut up考查目标 此题主要考查cut短语的用法。答案与解析A 根据句意“我正与玛格丽特谈着话，杰克逊突然插嘴 (cut in)了。”cut down “砍倒”，cut out“剪下”“cut up“切碎”，均与句意不符。7. get through vt. (1) 做完；读完；写完；吃完 How long does it take you to get through a letter? 你写一封信要花多少时间? (2) 通过(考试、议案等) He got through the driving license test last week. 上
47、周他通过了驾驶执照考试。 (3) 穿越；穿过 The alley aheadis narrow, so atruck cant get through it. 前面的巷子很窄，所以卡车没办法通过。 (4) 给接通电话 A little patience, and Ill get you through. 耐心一点，我就给你接通电话。 拓展 get through 也可用作不及物动词，意为“(电 话)接通”。 I called all day yesterday, but I couldnt get through (to you). 昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没办法联络到你。【考点2】含giv
48、e的短语give sb. a hand 给某人帮个忙 give a concert 开音乐会 give up 放弃 give in 让步，投降 give birth to 生(孩子) give off 发出(蒸汽，光) give out 分发，用完，耗尽 give away 分发，泄露放弃 give back 还，恢复例句 He gave up his seat to an old woman. 他把座位让给一个老太太。The authorities showed no signs of giving in to thekidnappers demands. 当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步的迹
49、象。Marxs ideas gave birth to communism. 马克思的思想孕育了共产主义。【考例2】(2002京、蒙、皖春招)- Smoking is bad for your health.- Yes, I know. But I simply cant _. A. give it up B. give it in C. give it Out D. give it away考查目标此题主要考查give短语的用法。答案与解析A give up 放弃，戒掉；give in 屈服，让步；give out 分发；give away 赠送，给予。本段对话讨论的是有关戒烟的事，最后一句
50、话意思是“但我只是戒不掉”。【考点4】含hold的短语 hold on 等一等，不挂断 hold on to 抓住不放 hold a sport meeting 举行运动会 hold up 举起，拿起，延误，耽搁 hold back 阻止，抑制 hold down 压制，压低 hold off 拖延 hold out 伸出，摆出，支持 hold to 坚持例句 Hold on, everything will be all right. 坚持下去，一切都会好的。Construction of new plants has been held up. 新工厂的建设搁浅了。【考例4】(NMET 2
51、002) We thought of selling this oldfurniture, but weve decided to _ it. It might be valuable. A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的辨析。答案与解析A hold on to 不要放弃；keep up with 跟上；turn to 转向；look after 照看。本句话的意思是“我们本想把这件旧家具卖掉，但是我们决定还是不卖它，它可能有价值”。4. look into vt. (1) 注视的内部，往
52、里面看 She looked into the room and saw nothing. 她往房间里窥视，但什么也没看见。 The man looked into the girls eyes and wanted to say something. 那人盯着女孩的眼睛，想要说些什么。 (2)调查，检查 The committee is looking into the cause of the accident. 委员会正在调查事故的原因。11. more than (1) more than“(数量)超过以上” People more than 18 years of age have
53、the right to vote in China. 在中国年满18岁的人拥有选举权。 提示 more than one后接单数名词时，在语意上虽 为复数，但用单数的谓语动词。 More than one house was burnt down in the fire. 不止一间房屋在火灾中被烧毁。 拓展 more than + 名词可译为“不只是”，相当于 not only；more than + 形容词、副词或动词可译为 “很，非常 - very；more than + 含有can的从句可 译为“不”，常用来表示否定意义。 Tom and Jack are much more than
54、 classmates. They are close friends. 汤姆和杰克两人远不只是同学，他们还是知心朋友。 What they did more than satisfied us. 他们所做的事使我们非常满足。 The cold was more than the children could bear. 寒冷是孩子们不能忍受的。8. up and down adv. & prep. (1) 上上下下 The boys went up and down the stone steps. 那些男孩在那段石阶上走上走下。 (2) 前前后后，相当于back and forth或bac
55、kwards and forwards。 The teacher walked up and down (in) the classroom, with a book under his arm. 那位老师在教室里踱来踱去，胳膊底下挟着一本书。 (3) 到处，处处，相当于here and there。 I have looked for it up and down 我到处都找过了。 (4) 来来往往，相当于come and go In the street, cars are busy rushing up and down. 大街上，车辆来来往往。【考点1】含“动词 + through构成
56、的短语 go through 通过，经受，仔细检查 get through 用完，完成某事，及格，接通，渡过难关 look through 仔细检查，快速阅读 put through 完成，达成。供某人上(学校) carry through 贯彻进行到底例句 Lets start; theres a lot of work to get through.开始吧，有大批工作要做呢。The government is putting through some radical socialreforms. 政府正在实行某些彻底的社会改革。Always look your work through b
57、efore handing it in. 交作业前一定要仔细检查。【考例1】(2005浙江) I couldnt _. The line wasbusy. A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的辨析。答案与解析D 用来表示电话接通的短语是getthrough。go by 可以指“走过，路过”，也可以指“时间的流逝”；get in 意为“进入、参加、收获、插入”；goaround意为“流传”。牛刀小试21. They _ all the details of the plan time and again to
58、 make sure that the project went smoothly. A. got through B. went through C. got over D. dipped into2. - Whats the matter with you? - After the long walk, my legs _ and couldnt go any further. A. gave out B. gave off C. gave in D. gave up3. If traffic moves at low speeds, the number of acci- dents i
59、s _. A. pulled back B. cut down C. cut off D. turned off4. Our flight was _ by the thick fog. So we didnt attend the meeting on time. A. broken off B. kept up C. taken up D. held up 词语比较1. divide, separate divide 侧重于把原来的整体分成若干部分；separate 把原来联合在一起的或靠近的人或物分离开来。 separate 多与 from一起搭配使用。 提示 divide 构成的习惯搭
60、配； divide sth. in half / into halves 把分成两半 Only a narrow strait separates North America from Asia. 仅仅一条海峡把北美洲与亚洲分开了。 Divide line A into six equal parts. 将线段A分为六等份。2. emotion, feeling 这两个名词的一般含义都是“感情”。emotion也具 有feeling的含义，但是它的“感情”却多了一层“激 动”的意义。是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈的“感情”或者 “情绪”。可以说emotion = strong feelings。 A s
61、mile can open doors and tear down walls, and it can be used to expres almost any emotion. 一个笑容可以开启封闭的门户，可以拆除阻隔的障 碍，可以表达几乎所有的感情。 The film aroused the emotion of the audience. 那部电影激起了观众们的情绪。 feeling一般表示“感觉”，feeling用复数形式表示“感 情”。feelings所表示的“感情”可以足愉快的或痛苦 的，也可以是喜爱的或厌恶的，而且这种反应既可能 足精神的也可能是肉体的。除非根据上下文或者修 饰语
62、，一般看不出feeling的心理反应的性质。 You will hurt her feelings badly if you say so. 如果你这样说，你会深深地伤害她的感情的。 All the Chinese have very strong feelings on that subject. 所有中国人在这个问题方面都有强烈的情绪。 句型诠释1. In France, a person seeing the sanle gesture will think it means zero. 在法国，一位看到这一相同手势的人会认为它的意 思是零。 seeing the same gestur
63、e 是现在分词短语作定语，相当 于一定语从句who sees the same gesture。中学英语 中，常用现在分词作定语。单个的分词作定语应置 于被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语应置于被修饰词 之后。 The girl looked at the falling leaves and was sad by herself. 女孩看着正在飘落的树叶，暗自伤神 The power station being built now will be one of the largest in China. 现在正在建设着的发电站将是中国最大的发电站之 一。2. While there are man
64、y different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. 尽管对身势语有许多不同的解释，有些动作却好像 是全球化的。 while 此处不是引导时间状语从句，作“当时候” 讲，也不是表对比，作“而，然而”讲，而是引导让 步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。 My brother is very tall while I am so short. 我弟弟很高而我却这么矮。(表对比) He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. 他在洗澡的时候我正
65、在准备晚餐。(当时候) While she was cooking, the children were playing outside. 她做饭时，孩子们在外面玩。(与同时) While I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you. 虽然我了解你的见解，我却不同意你。(虽然，尽管) 3. Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment. 许多人来到主题公园寻找刺激和娱乐。 句中looking for thrills and entertainm
66、ent用作状语， 表示伴随情况。 The children rail away，running and laughing. 这些孩子连跑带笑地走r。 They stood there for an hourwatching the game. 他们站在那儿看了一个小时的比赛。 【现在分词作状语特别提示】 现在分洲在句中还可以表示以下几种情况： 时间状语： Walking around the city, we were impressed by the citys new look. 在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下深刻印象。 条件状语： Staying here for some time,
67、 youll find the people here are friendly. 若在此呆上一段时间，你会发现这里的人们很友好。 原因状语： Thinking he might be at home. I telephoned him. 考虑到他可能在家，我就给他打了电话。4. Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland, visitors can take the shuttle to the low-land. 在海角游玩了骑马之后，旅游者们可以乘火车去低地。 Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland 是现在分
68、词 的完成形式，在句中作状语，强调enjoy这一动作在 take之前发生。 Having watered the vegetables, they began to pick the apples 他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.已经被告诉好几次了。他仍然不能理解它。【句型归纳】【考点1】And if we ale feeling down or lonely, there isnothing better than to see the smiling face of a
69、 goodfriend. 如果我们情绪低落或者感到孤独，那么没有比看到好友的笑脸更好的了。该句巾的 nothing better 表示最高级。例如：There is nothing better than to be with the person whoyou love very much. 没有比与自己非常喜欢的人在一起更好的了。【考例 1】(NMET 1996) How beautifully she sings ! Ihave never _. A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice
70、考查目标 形容词的比较级表达最高级含义。答案与解析D 句子中的never + better = best。该句表示的是“This is the best voice that I have everheard.”【考点2】Walk past the Big Tower Free-fall Ride and theroller coaster will be on your left. 走过大楼自由落体车乘。过山车就在你的左边。该句中的“祈使句 walk past. + and + 句子(常用一般将来时)”为一个固定句型。“祈使句 + and + 句子”，句子中的祈使句相当于if条件状语从句。句
71、子中的“and”还可以用“or”。“and I / or”也可以用破折号代替。还要注意祈使句的其他用法。例如：Work hard and you will achieve success in time. = Ifyou work hardyou will achieve Success in time. 如果你努力学习，你将来一定会取得成功。Work hard or youll regret some day in the future. = If you dont work hardyou will regret some day in thefuture. 如果你不努力学习，你将来一定会
72、后悔的。【考例2】(2004湖北) _ straight on and youllsee a church. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going考查目标 祈使句。答案与解析A 句子的意思是“一直往前走，你就会看到一座教堂”。应该用 go 构成祈使句。【考点3】It seems that people just cant get enough ofscary rides and exciting adventures. 仿佛人们对惊心动魄的兜风和刺激冒险永远玩不够。该句中的it seems that为形式主语的固定句型。例如：It seems th
73、at there is no way Out of our difficulty. 我们似乎无法摆脱困境。it作形式主语，常见的固定句型有：(1) It be + 名词 + that clause(2) It be + 形容词 + that clause(3) It be + 过去分词 + that clause(4) It seems / happened / turned out / oceurred to sb + that clause(5) It doesnt make any differences / doesnt matter + that clause(6)It + vt +
74、 sb + that clause其中在(1)与(2)句型中有时也可以用不定式或v-ing短语代替that从句作真正的主语。【考例3】(NMET 1995 )_ is a fact that Englishis being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It考查目标 形式主语。答案与解析D 根据句子的结构，需要一个形式主语。所以选it。【考点4】Instead of rolling, twisting and looping like theroller coasters, thrill r
75、ides use technology and specialeffects to give you a thrill. “动感电影”不像过山车。并不翻滚、摇摆、翻跟头，而是利用高科技和特技效果给人以刺激。该句中的instead of为复杂介词，表示“而不是，代替，替代”。instead of后是被否定的内容常可以跟名词、代词或wing形式等，可以与in place of辛辛换。而in-stead是一个副词，单独使用。instead和instead of可以互换，但要注意结构和语序大不相同。例如：Instead of smiling, each of them nlade a face. 他们
76、每个人不是笑嘻嘻的而是做了一个鬼脸。She will visit the Great Wall instead of the Palace Museum. 她将去游览长城，而不是故宫。He didnt buy a reference book. He bought a dictionary,instead. = He bought a dictionary instead of a referencebook yesterday. 他昨天买了一本字典，而不是一本参考书。They have been playing all afternoon instead of gettingon with
77、their study. = They havent been getting onwith their study all afternoon. They have been playing,instead. 他们整个下午一直玩，而不是在学习。【考例4】(NMET 1998) 短文改错：We must keep in mind that we play for the team insteadourselves. (92题)考查目标 instead 与instead of 的区别。答案与解析instead 后加of nstead后有反身代词，需要介词。句子意思是“我们必须记住我们是为整个队比
78、赛，而不是我们自己”。牛刀小试3l. In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match, (2001 上海) A. this B. that C. there D. It2. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001 上海春招) A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give3. Stand over there _ youll be able to see it bet- ter.
79、 (2004 天津) A. or B. while C. but D. and4. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt anyone in the class has _ IQ. (2002) A. a high B. a higher C. the higher Do the higher 【交际速成】【考点1】Making offers and requests提供和请求帮助(2000年上海)一Shalll help you with that suitcase?- _. A. Its all right, thanks B. Yes, go ahead
80、please C. I dont want to troubIe you too much D. No, please dont do it答案与解析A 本题考查提供帮助的应答用语。A项是谢绝提供帮助的答语。B项正确说法应为：Yes，please. C项属汉化用语，D项正确说法应为：No, thankyou. 或No, dont bother.【归纳】提供和请求帮助的常见用语有：(提供帮助) Can / Shall I help you with that? would you Iike me to.? What can I do for you? Is there anything eIse
81、 I can do for you? Let me take you bag. would you like some help? Do you need some help with that?(请求帮助) Could you please.? Can / Could you give me a hand with this? Would you do me a favor? May I ask a favor of you? Could you help me with.? Do me the favor to do sth.(接受提供的帮助) Thats very nice of you
82、. Yes, please. Yes, thanks. Thank you. That would be nice / fine. Thank you for your / the help.(谢绝提供的帮助) No, thanks / thank you. Thank you all the same. Thats very kind of you, but l can manage it myself. No, its all right. I can manage. Please dont bother / trouble.【考点2】Asking and giving direction
83、 女问路和指路_, but carl you teIl me how to get to the postoffice? A. Im sorry B. Do me a favor C. Excuse me D. Pardon答案与解析C 本题考查问路时的功能用语。英语国家的人们常以Excuse me开头来问路。所以C项符合语境。【归纳】英语中表示问路的用语有： Excuse me. Wheres the washroom? Can you tell me how to get the post office? Excuse me. Which bus goes to the world Par
84、k? Exeuse me. Which the way to the Bank of China? Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the station, please? How ean l get to N0. 4 Middle School? Excuse me. Am I going In the right direction? Does this roed lead to., please? Where can I find., please?表示指路的用语有： Its in that direction. Go down / up
85、this path / street / road. Its south / north of the. Turn left / right at the first / second crossing / cor ner. You cant miss it. Its over there. Its about 400 meters ftom here. You can take bus No. 103. Youd better take a taxi there. Sorry. I dont know. Im a stranger here.牛刀小试 4】1.- Could you tell
86、 me the way to the railway station? - Sorry, _ Im never around here, too. A. but B. or C. and D. however2. - No, Im afraid he isnt in. This is his secretary speaking. Can I help you? - _. A. Oh, you will B. Oh, thats a pity C. I should think so D. Well, I look forward to hearing from you3. - I want
87、to go to the library, but Im afraid Im not in the right _. - _. Go ahead. A. way; No B. distance; No C. direction; Yes D. side; Yes4. - Would you please come to help me with my home- work tomorrow? - _. A. My pleasure B. It depends C. Youre welcome D. Im glad to hear that 精典题例( ) 1. In rome parts of
88、 London, missing a bus mearks _ for another hour. (2002 上海春季) A. waiting B. to wait C. wait I). to be waiting 【解析】选A 本题考查动词mean的用法。mean to do“打算做某事”，mean doing “意味着，意思是”， 本句意为：“在伦敦的某些地区，错过一班车意味着再等一 个小时”，故此题应是mean doing sth结构。 ( )2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my
89、 boss. (2004 全国 IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 【解析】选C 考查分词的用法。据与它的主语一致 原则，句中的I一定是被质问，且是过去的事实，并没有将 来之意，不能选D，只能选C。 ( )3. Cant you read? Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 【解析】选A 本题考查了
90、现在分词表示伴随情况的 用法。C项缺少并列连词and；B、D两项属于动词时态错 误。要将动词变成过去式，才能构成谓语。 ( )4. According to thc art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars. A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting 【解析】选A 此题考查被动语态的用法。painting 同expect的关系是被动的，故用被动语态，选A。 ( )5She thought I was talking about her daug
91、hter, _, in fact, I was tal king about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while 【解析】选D 该题从结构上看似乎是考查非限定性 定语从句中关系词的用法。但从前后两句的内容来看是 考查并列连词。in fact插入句中有一定的迷惑作用，此处 whiIe作并列连词用，表示前后对照对比。全句的意思是：“她以为我在谈论她的女儿，而实际上，我是在谈论我的女儿。”( )6. Well be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places,
92、_ other visitors seldom go. (2002 北京市) A. what B. which C. where D. when 【解析】选C some other places为先行词，定语从句中的go为不及物动词，表地点的先行词在定语从句中作状语。( )7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months _ the sailing time was 226 days. (2004 全国III) A. of which B. during which C. ftomwhich D. for which
93、 【解析】选A 根据句意，填空部分为“其中”之意。( )8. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. (2003 年全国) A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 【解析】选C 根据all morning和时间状语从句中的谓语动词，可判断出应用一般过去时。一般过去时可用于表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。( )9. I shall stay in the hotel aIl day _ there is news
94、of the missing c hild(2002年上海春) A. in case B. nomatter C. in any case D. ever since 【解析】选A in case为连词，意为“万一，以防”。( )10. People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. _, she is a great musician. A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual 【解析】选A after all“毕竟”；as a resuIt“结果是”；inother words“换句话说”；as usual“像往常”。
