1、第6讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致单句语法填空单句写作1.(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements . 答案：have reported根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断用现在完成时。2.(2018全国卷)Since 2011, the country _ (grow) more corn than rice.答案：has grown根据时间状语Since 2011可知，此处应用现
2、在完成时。3.(2017全国卷)Sarah _ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.答案：has been told/was told根据that从句的时态可知，此处动作应发生在过去，故填现在完成时或一般过去时均可，又根据与主语的关系可知，应用被动语态。1.(2018全国卷)那是周一早上，写作课刚刚开始。It was Monday morning, and the writing class _ _ _.答案：had just begun2.(2
3、017全国卷)灰狼曾经在黄石地区随处可见。Gray wolves once _ _ here and there in the Yellowstone area.答案：were seen3.(2017全国卷)当夏季到来时，他们将邀请学生去采摘新鲜的蔬菜！When summer _， they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！答案：comes续表单句语法填空单句写作4.(2017天津高考)I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on th
4、e wrong road.答案：was driving此处为be doing . when . 结构，根据从句中的found可知，主句应用过去进行时。5.(2016全国卷)But now that information is _ (be) spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.答案：being此句为现在进行时的被动语态，故用being。4.(2016全国卷)一位妇女看到他正在哭泣，告诉他在商店外等候。A woman saw him crying and _ _ _
5、_ outside the shop.答案：told him to wait5.(2016全国卷)很多研究都已表明全球变暖已成为一个十分严峻的问题。 Lots of studies _ _ that global warming _ _ _ a very serious problem.答案：have shownhas already become考点1动词时态的一般体一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态；一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态；过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。所谓一般体，表示既不“进行”，又没“完成”。一般现在时1一般现在时的构成
6、(1)一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加s或es，其变化规则如下表所示：情况规则例词一般情况加seateats, riserises以s, sh, ch, x，o, z结尾的动词加esdiscussdiscussesteachteaches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i加escarrycarries flyflies (2)be的变化：am, is, are。(3)have的变化：has (第三人称单数)。2一般现在时的用法(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。(2)表示
7、现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。These oranges taste good.这些橘子味道很好。You must read English often.你必须时常阅读英文。(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。All the students here belong to No. 1 Middl
8、e School.这里所有的学生都是第一中学的。(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill write to her when I have time.我有时间的时候会给她写信。(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词，如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 11：00 pm every day.这个商店
9、每天晚上11点关门。一般过去时1一般过去时的构成(1)一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示：情况规则例词一般情况加edpackpacked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i加edcarrycarried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母加edplanplanned以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加dlikeliked，provideprovided (2)was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他人称。2一般过去时的用法(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有
10、料到、想到或希望的事。When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.他年轻的时候经常洗冷水澡。(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He told me he read an interesting novel last night.他告诉我昨晚他读了一本有趣的小说。(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute等。The moment s
11、he came in, she told me what had happened to her.她一进来，就告诉我发生了什么事。(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you think of that?你为什么没想到？I didnt notice it.我没注意到。I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.我忘了告诉你以前我和我哥哥去过那儿。I didnt recognize him.我没认出他来。一般将来时1一般将来时的构成(1)will/shall动词原形(2)is/am/are going to动
12、词原形(3)is/am/are about to动词原形(4)is/am/are to动词原形(5)is/am/are due to动词原形(6)某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式2一般将来时的用法(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week等。We will have a meeting tomorrow.我们明天开会。(2)表示趋向行为的动词，即表示动作转换的终止性动词，如come, go, start, begin, leave等词，常用进行时的形式表示将来时；事物名词meeting, concer
13、t, train等作主语时，要用一般现在时表示将来。The students are leaving on Sunday.学生们周日离开。The train leaves at 8 oclock.火车八点整开。(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：abe going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。The shop is going to open on October 1st.商店将在十月一日开门(营业)。bbe to do表示按计划、安排即将
14、发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.今天下午3点开会。cbe about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收就要开始了。注意be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do表将来，不能用在含有条件状语从句的主句中；而will d
15、o则能，表意愿。If it is fine， well go fishing.If it is fine， we are going to go fishing.如果天气好，我们去钓鱼。过去将来时1过去将来时的构成(1)should/would动词原形(2)was/were going to动词原形(3)was/were about to动词原形(4)was/were to动词原形(5)某些动词的过去进行时形式2过去将来时的用法(1)从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。He said he would be here at eight oclock.他说他将在8点到这里。I was about t
16、o go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。(2)过去本打算做而未做的事情。I was going to go to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.我本打算要参加聚会，但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。We were to have told you, but you were not in.我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。注意(1)过去将来时常用于宾语从句中
17、，主句常是一般过去时。(2)某些表示起止或转移的动词，常用过去进行时表示过去将来时。He told me he was leaving in an hour.,他告诉我他计划一个小时后离开。考点2动词时态的进行体1进行体的构成(1)考纲对进行体所要求掌握的时态包括：现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时。它们的形式分别为：现在进行时：am/is/are现在分词过去进行时：was/were现在分词将来进行时：will/shallbe现在分词(2)现在分词的构成形式：a一般情况直接加ing，如：trytryingb以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母再加ing，如：regretregre
18、ttingbanbanningc以不发音的e结尾的动词，要去掉e再加ing，如：hatehatingdatedating2进行体的用法(1)表示某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，具有暂时性和未完成性的特点。I dont really work there; I was just helping out until the new secretary arrived.我并不在那里上班，我只是去帮忙。新秘书来了，我就离开了。(暂时性)(2)表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情，常与these/those days，this/ that week等时间状语连用。We are making mode
19、l planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。(此时此刻不一定做)(3)表示赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用。He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到别人。(4)有些动词的进行体可以表将来(见一般将来时的用法)。3有些动词不用于进行体，常见的有：分类例词感官类look, smell, sound, taste, see, hear情感类like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, ado
20、re心态类wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, remember, forget, agree, know状态类appear, lie (位于), remain, belong to, have考点3动词时态的完成体完成体的构成考纲对完成体所要求掌握的时态包括：现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时。它们的形式分别为：现在完成时：have/has过去分词过去完成时：had过去分词将来完成时：will have过去分词温馨提示规则动词的过去分词的构成方法同过去式的构成方法，详见“一般过去时”部分。完成体的用法1现在完成时(1)表示发生在过去的动作或
21、存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词(短语)，或since引导的状语从句(从句中使用一般过去时)，或for一段时间，或since时间点连用。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎。注意非延续性动词leave， arrive， come， go， return， join， die， bu
22、y， borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段，since时间点或how long等状语连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。但其否定式可与这类时间状语连用。试比较：误I have bought the computer for a year.正I have kept the computer for a year.这台电脑我买了有一年了。(2)表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常与yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。I have just turned off the
23、 light.我刚刚把灯关了。I have already read the book.我已读过这本书了。(3)用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。(用来代替将来完成时)When shall we restart our business?Not until we have finished our plan.什么时候我们重新开始我们的企业？直到我们已完成我们的计划。(4)用于现在完成时的固定句型：a在“It/This is/will be the first/second/third . timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。Th
24、is is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影。b在“It/This is the best/worst/mostadj.名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。2过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作，时间
25、定位是“过去的过去”。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)，如by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before等引出的表示过去的时间状语(从句)，但有时需要通过上下文来判断。By nine oclock last night, we had finished most of the work.到昨晚9点钟，我们已完成了大部分工作。(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，或用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。I had been at the bus sto
26、p for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.当公共汽车终于来的时候，我已在车站等了30分钟。(3)某些动词用于过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算”。这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that very moment.我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。(4)常用于过去完成时的固定句型：a在hardly/scarcely . when .，no s
27、ooner . than . 句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一就”。Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨。bIt was一段时间since从句。since从句用过去完成时。It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。cIt was the first/second/ . time(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。It was the first time that I had c
28、hatted online in English.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。dBy the time . (表示过去时间的句子)主句(过去完成时)。By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.到十岁的时候，汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室。3将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与“before将来时间”或“by将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。I will have finished my report by the end
29、of this month.到本月底，我将完成我的报告。考点4动词时态的完成进行体对完成进行体，高中阶段要求掌握的时态为现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时，其形式为：have/has/hadbeendoing。1现在完成进行时(1)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行，具有持续性和未完成性。该时态多用于延续性动词。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.从上午9点开始，经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一
30、直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复，但一定强调对现在的影响。I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.我得去看医生，因为最近我一直咳嗽得厉害。2过去完成进行时(1)表示在过去某一时间之前一直在进行的动作或存在的状态。I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了好多天才找着。(2)表示在过去某段时间内反复发生的动作。She had been trying to find a job, but hadnt found one yet
31、.她当时一直设法找工作，但仍没找到。考点5几组易混时态的区别1一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事，与现在没有关系，且过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连；现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系，或是对现在有影响。比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：2一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别(1)一般过去时是指过去的动作或情况，而过去完成时指过去的一个动作或时间之前发生的事。He had learned 3,000 English words before he came to this school.他来这个学校之前就已经学了3,000个英语单词了。(2)过去完成时
32、的时间状语常用by或before引导的短语或句子表示，如by that time, by the end of, by the time句子(一般过去时)等。He had finished writing the book by the end of last month.到上个月底为止，他已经写完这本书了。3过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作。比较下面的说法：考点6动词的被动语态动词的被动语态的构成方式为“be过去分词”，口语中也用“get/become过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本
33、用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。1使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。(2)主动变为被动时
34、，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long (by the boss)老板让他整天都工作。(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.你应该注意你的发音和拼写。(4)情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be过去分词”。We
35、can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。(5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：a谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。b用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart
36、 boy.据说他是个聪明的男孩。People know paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that . 2不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hold, contain
37、, fit, cost等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。3主动形式表被动含义(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)的内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、
38、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料好洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。The door wont lock.这门无法关上。(2)当happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等动词(短语)表示“发生、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.计划成
39、功实施了。How did the crazy situation come about?这种疯狂局面是如何发生的？(3)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。The plants want watering daily.这些花草需要天天浇水。(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。This idea is well worth considering.这个想法很值得考虑。(5)在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.这种水不
40、适合饮用。The girl isnt easy to get along with.这个女孩不易相处。注意be to blame (受谴责)，be to rent (出租)也用主动形式表被动意义。4被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况be seated 坐着；be hidden 躲藏；be lost 迷路；be drunk 喝醉；be dressed 穿着5被动语态与系表结构的区别此处的系表结构指“连系动词用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。The book was sold by a certain booksto
41、re. (被动语态)这本书在某一家书店出售。The book is well sold. (系表结构)这本书卖得好。考点7主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。1语法一致原则(1)当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里
42、，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事们去过北京。(2)由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时
43、，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。A great deal of water is polluted every year.每年大量的水被污染。但quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。Quantities of information are available on the Internet.在网上可得到大量的信息。(3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的
44、单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。He married Mary, which was very natural.他娶了玛丽，这是很自然的事。(4)倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致a倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。A building stands in front of us.In
45、 front of us stands a building.我们面前矗立着一栋楼。Rows of fruit trees were on either side.On either side were rows of fruit trees.在每一边都有一排排的果树。b在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。I am a doctor.It is I who am a doctor.我是一名医生。He is a doctor.It is he who is a doctor.他是一名医生。2就近一致原则(1)由or
46、, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also . , not . but . 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music of this kind.不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。Neither the children nor the mother knows anything about it.孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事。(2)在There be句型及Here
47、开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。3意义一致原则(1)and, both . and . 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。Her teacher and her frie
48、nds are in the sitting room.她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。(2)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。(3)动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。To le
49、arn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。That he has won the game is known to us all.他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。注意从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名
50、词/代词决定。What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。(4)含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况：athe rest, the remaining/part .，plenty of, a great deal of等主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。b分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，
51、谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。注意population由分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Twothirds of population have been killed in the accident.在这次事故中有2/3的人丧生。(5)“a number of复数名词”表示“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number
52、of复数名词”表示“的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend.这个周末许多学生打算去野炊。The number of days in February this year is 28.今年二月份的天数是二十八天。(6)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。The c
53、lass consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are doing experiments.全班学生都在做实验。注意(1)people， cattle， police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。(2)单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。(7)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a l
54、ot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3,000美元是一笔大数目。(8)以s/ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Bad news travels quickly.谚语坏事传千里。误区句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语(1)【误】The windows broken.【正】The windows are/were_broken.分析“窗户应为被打破”，故应用被动语态，如直接用过去分词broken，句子则缺少谓语成分。此处也可将broken看作过去分词转化的形容词作表语。(2)【误】Today, the
55、 number of people learn English is increasing rapidly in China.【正】Today, the number of people who_learn English is increasing rapidly in China.【正】Today, the number of people learning English is increasing rapidly in China.分析一个句子中只能有一个谓语，如出现两个(或两个以上)的谓语，须将另外出现的动词改为非谓语动词形式或用从句进行表述。误区中式英语比比皆是(1)【误】I ve
56、ry like listen music and every day I also_will_see some newspapers.【正】I like listening_to music very_much and every day I read some newspapers as well. (习惯性动作用一般现在时)分析修饰动词like应用副词(短语)；like后应加动名词或不定式，而不能直接跟动词原形；“看报纸”在英语中用read而不用see，此为习惯表达。(2)【误】I dont know I_should_do_what.【正】I dont know what_I_shoul
57、d_do.分析know后为宾语从句，what引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语，引导词应放于从句句首，注意中英表达中语序的差异。(3)【误】Our_village_has_taken_place_great_changes.【误】Great changes have_been_taken_place in our village.【正】Great changes have_taken_place in our village.分析take place为不及物动词短语，主语应是“事”而非“人”，且不能用于被动语态。误区动词时态曲折变化的误用(1)【误】She promised that she wil
58、l not let out the plan to the press.【正】She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.分析在宾语从句中，主从句的时态要保持前后一致。本句主句是一般过去时，故从句也要用相应的过去将来时态。(2)【误】To arrange for an appointment with us, please complete the reply slip and sent it back to us.【正】To arrange for an appointment with us, please c
59、omplete the reply slip and send it back to us.分析根据语境以及and可知，sent应与complete保持一致，故sent改为send。(3)【误】By the time you will_arrive in London, we will have been in Europe for two weeks.【正】By the time you arrive in London, we will have been in Europe for two weeks.分析by the time后的时间状语从句一般用现在时表将来。(4)【误】The de
60、tective fixed his sharp eyes on the box, wondering whether he saw it somewhere before.【正】The detective fixed his sharp eyes on the box, wondering whether he had_seen it somewhere before.分析分析语境可知，see所表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。(5)【误】Nancy is not coming tonight. But she has_promised!【正】Nancy is not comin
61、g tonight. But she promised!分析根据语境“南希答应要来”可知，promise所表示的动作发生在过去，与现在时间无关，故用一般过去时。误区动词语态曲折变化的误用(1)【误】The book which had been lost returned to the library.【正】The book which had been lost was_returned to the library.分析return是及物动词，句子的主语The book与之构成被动关系，表示“被归还”，故returned前加was。(2)【误】Theres a feeling among
62、a lot of people that music has_been_become too commercial in recent years.【正】Theres a feeling among a lot of people that music has_become too commercial in recent years.分析become意为“变得，变成”，不及物动词不能使用被动语态。误区主谓一致中常见的误用(1)【误】My dream school look like a big garden.【正】My dream school looks like a big garden
63、.分析主语My dream school是单数，故谓语动词也应该用单数形式。(2)【误】Jeff is the only one of the journalists who were awarded.【正】Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded.分析本句中的中心词是the only one，因此定语从句中谓语动词的数需要根据the only one而定。(3)【误】The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.
64、【正】The teacher, as well as his students, is going to see the film this afternoon.分析当主语后面接由as well as构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依其前面主语的单复数而定，本句主语为The teacher。(4)【误】Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.【正】Not only my parents but also I am good at dancing and singing.分析not only . but als
65、o . 连接并列主语时，谓语遵循就近一致原则。(5)【误】Among all my friends are a special one Im most grateful to.【正】Among all my friends is a special one Im most grateful to.分析此句是倒装句，主语a special one是单数形式，故谓语动词也用单数形式。1.单句语法填空Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ (wait) here for more than two hour
66、s.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _ (leave) my book in the caf.Festivals and celebrations of all kinds _ (hold) everywhere since ancient times.Long ago Hongbao _ (see) as a means of protecting children from evil spirits.You look so tired and pale. Anything wrong?I hate to complain, bu
67、t a new road _ (build) throughout the night.It is reported that his new book _ (publish) by that company next year.How close parents are to their children _ (have) a strong influence on the development of the childrens characters.It took a long time but eventually the dog _ (stop) barking and the ma
68、n was able to touch it.The famous musician, as well as his students, _ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.Modern teaching equipment as well as tens of computers _ (send) to the village school last week.答案：have been waitinghad lefthave been heldwas seenwas bein
69、g builtwill be publishedhasstoppedwas invitedwas sent2单句写作我承诺始终支持你。I promise I _ you all the time.昨天你给我打电话的时候，我正在看电视。I _ TV when you _ yesterday.抱歉，飞机上禁止吸烟。哦，我不知道。我不会再那样做了。Im sorry, but there is no smoking on this flight.Oh, I _ that. Sorry, I _ it again.尽管前期有几轮磋商，但到目前为止双方仍未达成一致意见。Despite the previo
70、us rounds of talks, no agreement _ so far by the two sides.明天这个时候我会坐在桌子旁。At this time tomorrow, I _ at the table.这个国家的三分之一被树木覆盖，大多数居民是黑人。Onethird of the country _ trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.这里，一座新电影院正在建设中。他们希望下个月能竣工。A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.我们
71、学校和几个兄弟学校下个月将进行另一次联考。Our school along with many other brother middle schools _ take another joint test next month.在确定这个手提包属于她之后，这位男士将它归还给了她。The man _ the handbag after he made sure it _ her.最近三十年，参与健身的人的数量快速增加。During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply.答案：will supportwas watching; rang me updidnt know; wont dohas been reachedwill be sittingis covered with; areis being builtis toreturned; belonged tohas increased
