1、江苏省南京外国语学校2021届高三英语下学期第一阶段测试题（含解析）注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮檫干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在打题卡上，写在试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个
2、选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1How much did the woman pay for the running shoes?A50. B15. 50. C15.2What is the relationship between the speakers?AHusband and wife. BTeacher and student. CFormer classmates.3How much will th
3、e man finally pay for the T-shirt?A6 dollars B10 dollars. C12 dollars.4How will the woman go to the game?AOn foot. BBy bus. CBy car.5How will Linda get home after school?AOn foot. BBy car. CBy bus.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各
4、个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6Why does Alison ask John to read the story?ATo advise John to talk more with his father.BTo help John forget his trouble.CTo share her feelings with John.7What is the main idea of the conversation?AParents nowadays are too busy.BFamily problem
5、s are hard to solve.CCommunication is necessary at home.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8What was the main cause of the mans unhappiness?AHis fault in the basketball game. BHis failure to control his emotion.CHis teammates rudeness to him. DHis teams losing the basketball game.9Why didnt the man shout back during t
6、he game?AHe didnt think it was his fault. BHe didnt want to worsen the situation.CHe was afraid of Calebs scold. DHe wanted to respect his teammates.10What does the woman mainly suggest the man do?AApologize to Caleb. BThink twice before acting.CDo the same to Caleb. DExpress his opinions enough.听第8
7、段材料，回答第11至13题。11Why were jeans favored by working people?ABecause of their durability.BBecause they are symbols of status.CBecause of the trend in fashion.DBecause they look quite appealing.12Why did the man mention Levis?AThe man was the creator of jeans.BThe man applied for a patent for jeans.CLev
8、is led to the popularity of jeans.DLevis led to a flood of fake products.13What was the second reason for the popularity of jeans?AThey are durable and wash easily.BThey appear on sex and violence ads.CThey win the favor of many women liberalists.DThey are influenced by cowboy style and rebellious s
9、pirit.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14What did George find in the afternoon?AA brochure. BA book. CA newspaper.15Why does George want to sit at the back?ATo pay less. BTo see well. CTo hear clearly.16What information should George provide?AThe address. BThe womans name. CThe phone number.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17When
10、 will the Tempere Student Games start?AMay 19th. BMay 20th.CMay 23 DMay 16th.18Which is not included in the entry fee for the Games?AThree meals a day. BTrain fare.CCompetition entrance fee. DFloor space.19Which of the following statement is true about the Tampere Student Games?AThe entrance fee is
11、16 euros this year.BCollege basket teams abroad can enter for the game by phone.CIt is the 80th anniversary of the Tampere Student Game.DThe game will end with a ceremony in the last evening.20Why does Peggy recommend the Hermica to John?AStudents can enjoy a reduced rate during that period.BAll the
12、 basketball teams live in that hotel.CIt will provide three meals to the players living there.DIt is close to where all the matches are held.第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professi
13、onals. They inspect all campus buildings and maintain all sprinkler systems, fire alarms and fire extinguishers. They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your
14、 room. Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never toy with th
15、ese systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:Take your room key and ID. Close and lock the door to your room.Exit immediately from the nearest emer
16、gency exit and do not use a lift.Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can cr
17、eate a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the sa
18、fe operation of your smoke detector: If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking, contact residence hall staff immediately.Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or
19、smoke, inform your hall staff.1. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A. To provide part-time jobs for students.B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.2. In a fire
20、drill, the students should .A. rush quickly to a liftB. gather at the nearest exitC. shut the door and leave at onceD. wait for instructions in the hall3. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should .A. contact the hall staff regularlyB. cover the things that burn easilyC. start t
21、he smoke detector in a fireD. make certain the red light is working【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些防火信息，包括火灾警报、防火演练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的注意事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They inspect all campus buildings and maintain all sprinkler systems, fire alarms and fire extinguishers.(他们检查校园里的所有建筑物，并维护所有的自动喷水灭火系统、火警警
22、报器以及灭火器)”可知，防火专业人员的主要职责是检查和保养防火设备。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Fire Drills部分中的“Take your room key and ID. Close and lock the door to your room. Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit and do not use a lift.(带上你的房间钥匙和身份证。关好房间的门并锁上。立即从最近的紧急出口离开，不要使用电梯)”可知，在防火演练中，学生们应该关上房门迅速离开。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据 Smoke De
23、tector部分中的“If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on.(如果烟雾探测器正常工作，红灯应该是亮的)”可推知，为了保证烟雾探测器的安全运行，必须确保红灯能正常亮起。故选D。BA while back I caught a news report on something called couch surfing and the network of trusting souls who make this phenomenon possible. They offer to put up
24、travelers free of charge and help them on their ways. At first, it sounded unbelievable. I mean, inviting strangers into ones home for one or two nights? Give me a break.However, I was intrigued. I decided to find it out. The only way to truly learn about this phenomenon was to dive in. So I planned
25、 a trip to Finland, a country Ive always wanted to explore. I would couch surf at every stop there.If ever any anxiety existed when stepping into the unknown, it disappeared when my first host met me at the train station. Ari looked like my idea of a typical Finn: tall and blue-eyed. Finns were also
26、 supposed to be famously reserved (寡言少语). Ari was anything but. He was a live wire, giving me a warm welcome and walking with me to his apartment, where he showed me the sleeper sofa, served me tea, and engaged me in warm conversations. He also handed me a key to come and go as I pleased.If this was
27、 what couch surfing was all abouttrust and friendshipthen I had gotten off to a good start. As I boarded my next train to continue my journey, I began to think about this couch-surfing idea. What encouraged these people to open their homes to strangers? I concluded that there was a desire to lend a
28、hand to like-minded folks who might enrich their own lives.Seven cities in 14 days. Seven hosts. Seven new friends. If couch surfing taught me anything, its this: Most people are good and generous. Where will couch surfing take me next? Who knows? But I cant wait to find out.4. Which of the followin
29、g best explains the underlined word in the second paragraph?A. relaxed.B. bored.C. interested.D. pleased.5. What can we know about Ari?A. He was reserved like most Finns.B. He talked less but he was friendly.C. He treated the author as a friend.D. He saw off the author at the train station.6. Why di
30、d people offer couch surfing to strangers?A To take an adventure with strangers.B. To exchange houses for a short time.C. To learn more about others family lives.D. To enrich their own lives by helping others.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Travel on Trust and CouchesB. A Free Travel i
31、n FinlandC. Experiences in Strangers HousesD. A Plan for Couch Surfing【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。记叙了我在探索“沙发冲浪”时获得了友情和信任。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据 “However, I was intrigued.I decided to find it out.”，推断此处我应该对沙发冲浪很感兴趣，故推断“intrigued”与“interested”具有相同含义。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“If this was what couch su
32、rfing was all abouttrust and friendshipthen I had gotten off to a good start.”，作者认为作者和Ari已经有了信任与友谊，Ari把作者当作朋友。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I concluded that there was a desire to lend a hand to like-minded folks who might enrich their own lives.”作者得出结论向陌生人提供沙发冲浪是为了通过帮助别人来丰富自己的生活。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。结合全文，文章记
33、叙了我因为对沙发冲浪感兴趣，在探索中收获了信任与友谊。A项“靠信任与沙发进行旅行”符合文章主旨。故选A项。CMicro plastics are tiny bits of plastic often too small to be seen. Plastic doesnt decompose like natural materials. Instead, it just breaks into smaller and smaller pieces. No one knows exactly how much plastic is in the oceans. Since the sea is
34、 so large and so deep, it s hard to get a good idea of how much plastic it contains. But in recent years, scientists have made greater efforts to get a more accurate idea.Some studies have suggested that since 1950. about 17 million metric tons(公吨)of plastic have entered the Atlantic Ocean. Scientis
35、ts believe that the plastic previously found on beaches and on the surface of the water is only about 1% of all the plastic in the oceans. Researchers from the United Kingdom (UK) want to find out where the other 99% was.For two months in 2016 the researchers took samples at 12 different locations i
36、n the Atlantic Ocean from the UK to South America. They collect water samples from three different depths in the top 200 meters. By running the water through special fllters(过滤器),they were able to collect the micro plastics, which they could view and study with a microscope.Based on their measurment
37、s. the researchers learned that just the top 200 meters of the Atlantic Ocean holds between 12 and 21 million metric tons of plastics. But the Atlantic Ocean is very deep, and the scientists only checked the top 200 meters. They say that if microplastics are spread through the rest of the Atlantic l
38、ike they were in the top 200 meters, thin there arc probably about 200 million metric tons of microplastics in the Atlantic Ocean.Though the scientists only studied the Atlantic ocean the results suggest that there may be far more microplastic in all oceans than we realized. The problems go far beyo
39、nd ocean pollution. Microplastic particles have been found just in everywhere around the world from Antarctica to the bottom of the sea.Scientist predict that the amount of plastic entering our oceans is likely to triplet over the next 20 years. Having a good idea of how much plastic is already then
40、 might be a good first step to fighting the problem.8. What docs the underlined word “decompose” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. turn upB. break downC. give offD. bring out9. What is the latest idea about the plastic in the seas?A. Previous data of plastic consists of only a very small part.B. There is only
41、17 million metric ton of plastic on the earth.C. The amount of plastic in the seas is on the decrease in recent years.D. The amount of plastic in the seas is increasing by 1 % yearly.10. What is the authors attitude according to the text?A. Pessimistic.B. Confident.C. Objective.D. Conserved.11. What
42、 does the author expect to take place?A. More pollutants will turn out in the future.B. Measures will be taken to deal with plastic.C. The oceans will be cleaned in the future.D. More people will be aware of plastic pollution.【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。微塑料通常是小得看不见的塑料碎片。塑料不像天然材料那样会分解。相
43、反，它只是分裂成越来越小的碎片。没有人知道海洋中究竟有多少塑料。由于海洋如此之大，如此之深，很难很好地了解它含有多少塑料。但近年来，科学家们作出了更大的努力来获得一个更准确的想法。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后一句“. Instead, it just breaks into smaller and smaller pieces.( 相反，它只是分裂成越来越小的碎片。)”可知塑料是不能分解的。故划线词有“分解”之意。结合选项：A. turn up出现；B. break down分解；发生故障；C. give off发出（光等）；长出（枝、杈等）；D. bring out出版，生产。故选B
44、。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的后两句“Scientists believe that the plastic previously found on beaches and on the surface of the water is only about 1% of all the plastic in the oceans. Researchers from the United Kingdom (UK) want al to find out where the other 99% was.(科学家认为，之前在海滩和水面上发现的塑料只占海洋塑料总量的1%。来自英国的研究人员想要找
45、出剩下的99%在哪里。)” 以前发现的塑料数据只占塑料总量很小的一部分。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，微塑料通常是小得看不见的塑料碎片。塑料不像天然材料那样会分解。相反，它只是分裂成越来越小的碎片。没有人知道海洋中究竟有多少塑料。由于海洋如此之大，如此之深，很难很好地了解它含有多少塑料。但近年来，科学家们作出了更大的努力来获得一个更准确的想法。我们可以看出作者在写作本文的时候只是客观地陈述相关的事实并没有加上自己的任何主观上的评论，因此他的写作态度是客观公正的。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“Having a good idea of how much pl
46、astic is already then might be a good first step to fighting the problem.( 那么，知道塑料已经有多少可能是解决这个问题的良好的第一步。)”可以推知作者希望逐步采取措施解决塑料污染的问题，弄清楚塑料的数量是第一步。故选B。DShould doctors ever lie to benefit their patient to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines o
47、f work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed (变矮小) by greater needs: the need to protect from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance the public interest.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going
48、on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize fee gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide
49、 the truth until after the family vacation?Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not wa
50、nt to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate (恶化) faster, perhaps even commit suicide (自杀).But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do
51、want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after op
52、eration.There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception (欺骗). Yet the public has every reason to know professional dec
53、eption, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “What you dont know cant hurt you.”12. What is the passage mainly about?A. Whether patients r
54、eally want to know the truth of their condition.B. Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness.C. Whether different studies should be carried on.D. Whether doctors are honesty with their patients.13. For the case mentioned in paragraph 2, most doctors will _.A. tell the patient the tr
55、uth as soon as possibleB. choose to lie to him about his condition at that momentC. tell him to shorten the family vacationD. advise him to cancel the family vacation14. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Sometimes government tells lies because they need to meet the public interest.B. Doctors believe
56、 if they lie, those seriously-ill patients will recover more quickly.C. Truthful information helps patients deal with their illness in some cases.D. Many patients dont want to know the truth, especially about serious illness.15. From the passage, we can learn that the authors attitude to professiona
57、l deception is _.A. supportiveB. indifferentC. opposedD. neutral【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了各行业都面临一个问题，是讲述事实，还是说善意的谎言？病人是否应该被告知他们病情的真相。作者认为告诉别人真实的病情，可以帮助病人在某些情况下处理他们的疾病。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一句话Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patientto speed recovery or to cover the coming
58、of death?可知，医生是否应该为了病人的利益而撒谎为了加速病人的康复，或者为了掩盖死亡的来临？这是本文的主题句，由此可知，本文讨论的是病人是否应该被告知他们病情的真相。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so t
59、hat they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate (恶化) faster, perhaps even commit suicide (自杀).可知，研究表明，大多数医生真心相信重病患者不想知道自己病情的真相，而告知他们病情有可能摧毁他们的希望，使他们恢复得更慢，恶化得更快，甚至可能会自杀。由此推知，对于第2段提到的情况，大多数医生会选择就他当时的情况对他撒谎。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, hel
60、ps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation.可知，我们还了解到，通过人道的方式传达真实的信息，可以帮助病人应对疾病:帮助他们更好地忍受疼痛，减少药物的需求，甚至在手术后更快地康复。由此可知，在某些情况下，真实的信息可以帮助病人处理他们的病情。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Yet the public has every reason to know professional
61、deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust.可知，然而，公众有充分的理由了解职业欺骗，因为这种做法特别有可能变得根深蒂固、传播和信任。由此推知，作者对职业欺骗的态度是反对的。故选C。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Everyday Habits of People with Impressive MemoryPeople blessed
62、with an impressive memory generally admit that they use various strategies to improve their ability. But even if youre not a memory genius, there are things you can try,_16_Establish routines_17_ For example, always hang your car keys on a hook or put them in the same place by the front door. By fol
63、lowing established routines, you are decreasing the chance of having to struggle in the morning rush, which is believed to contribute to forgetfulness.Use Post-it notesKeep some in every room and stick a reminder where you are most likely to see it. If you need to remember to phone a friend later in
64、 the day, put a note on the phone so that you will notice it during the day._18_Embrace this technology!Your cell phone comes with a built-in calendar you can set to remind you of what you need to do during the day. Use it!_19_ Having access to them wherever you go with a smartphone only makes them
65、even more effective. There is a saying that what gets scheduled gets done._20_Research indicates that most people need six to eight hours of sleep (thats at least two cycles of deep sleep)per night, for their brain to go through the chemical changes needed for long-term memory. A good sleep can make
66、 all the difference in your brain power and therefore gives you a sharpened mind.A. Sleep on it.B. Sharpen the mind.C. To-do lists are also keys to living an organized life.D. This simple activity can boost memory by 20 percent.E. These common-sense strategies can help you forget less often.F. It re
67、ally is easier to find things if you always put them in the same.G. If not, write it down and put it where you can see it. so you dont forget about it.【答案】16. E 17. F 18. D 19. C 20. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了在日常生活中，如何提高记忆，如何帮助人们平时少忘事提出了一些常识性的策略。【16题详解】由“But even if youre not a memory genius, there a
68、re things you can try”可知，但是即使你不是一个记忆天才，你也可以尝试一些事情。所以小题1不仅承接上句意思，也是下面副标题段落的主题句，起到总说的作用。故E选项“以下这些常识性的策略能帮你平时少忘事”符合句意。故E选项切题。【17题详解】由“For example, always hang your car keys on a hook or put them in the same place by the front door”可知，把车钥匙挂在钩子上，或者放在前门的同一个地方。所以小题2要总说“把东西放在固定的位置才能更方便你找到它们”然后在举例分说。故F选项“把东西
69、放在固定的位置才能更方便你找到它们”符合句意。故F选项切题。【18题详解】由“If you need to remember to phone a friend later in the day, put a note on the phone so that you will notice it during the day”可知，要提醒自己给朋友打电话，可以写个提醒字条贴在电话上，看到字条就能提醒自己了。再由“Embrace this technology”拥抱这个技术吧。可知，小题2要总结性地说明这个方法还是很奏效。故D选项“这个简单的行为可以帮助你提升20%的记忆力”符合句意。故D选项
70、切题。【19题详解】由“Your cell phone comes with a built-in calendar you can set to remind you of what you need to do during the day. ”可知，你的手机有一个内置日历，你可以设置它来提醒你白天需要做什么。所以小题4要说明列出待做事项的作用。故C选项“待做事项清单也是让生活更有规划、有组织的关键”符合句意。故C选项切题。【20题详解】由最后一段“Research indicates that most people need six to eight hours of sleep (t
71、hats at least two cycles of deep sleep)per night, for their brain to go through the chemical changes needed for long-term memory. A good sleep can make all the difference in your brain power and therefore gives you a sharpened mind.”可知，研究表明，大多数人每晚需要6到8小时的睡眠(也就是至少两个周期的深度睡眠)，这样他们的大脑才能经历长期记忆所需的化学变化。良好的
72、睡眠可以使你的脑力发生很大的变化，从而使你的思维更加敏锐。所以本段主要在告诉读者要有良好的睡眠也就是小题5本段的标题所要表述的内容。故A选项“良好的睡眠”符合句意。故A选项切题。【点睛】根据文章展开的结构形式是解决7选5题型的重要的解题方法。7选5题型，多数短文的结构，都是按照总-分的结构展开的，而短文习惯于在总说段落设空处，以此引出下文的小标题。所以在选择设空处的选项时，应该选择能够总领下文的句子。由“But even if youre not a memory genius, there are things you can try”可知，但是即使你不是一个记忆天才，你也可以尝试一些事情。
73、所以小题1不仅承接上句意思，也是下面副标题段落的主题句，起到总说的作用。故E选项“以下这些常识性的策略能帮你平时少忘事”符合句意。故小题1的正确选项为E选项。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。More people are travelling than ever before, and lower harriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for _21
74、_ periods.The rise of “city breaks” -48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their _22_ spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the
75、same infrastructure as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font. “For _23_, the city no longer belongs to them.”This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek _24_ outside of the city centre
76、on its official website. “That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents theyre doing all they can to ease congestion.”But it also _25_ a better way, it is called “detourism”: sustainable travel tips an _26_ it
77、ineraries for exploring an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.A greater variety of _27_ for prospective visitors - ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center - can have the effect of diverting them fro
78、m already saturated landmarks, or _28_ short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays _29_ the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, youre going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, youre not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”Similarly, repeat visitors hav
79、e a better sense of the _30_, “We should be asking how we get tourists to _31_, not how to get them to come for the first time. If theyre coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.”Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to
80、 responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far theyve come. “Youre thinking, yeah but at what cost.”He points to unpublishe
81、d data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of 40 more per day than French tourist as a(n) _32_ that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. _33_ tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times,
82、buy local produce, and _34_ to less crowded parts of the city - all productive steps towards more _35_ tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.21. A. longerB. shorterC. widerD. clearer22. A. environmentalB. nationalC. economicD. geographic23. A. localsB. touristsC. visitorsD. cleaners24.
83、 A. transportsB. accommodationC. restaurantsD. service25. A. addressesB. pavesC. proposesD. receives26. A. separateB. individualC. alternativeD. objective27. A. reformB. guidanceC. invitationD. support28. A. convincingB. discouragingC. preventingD. resisting29. A. paceB. escapeC. withstandD. ease30.
84、 A. cultureB. knowledgeC. entertainmentD. ability31. A. take overB. bring upC. come backD. lay off32 A. distinctionB. harmonyC. associationD. comparison33. A. FrenchB. ItalianC. SpanishD. German34. A. carry outB. give intoC. spread outD. impact on35. A. slightB. complexC. temporaryD. sustainable【答案】
85、21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，旅游的发展，虽然促进了当地的经济发展，但从另外一个方面影响到了当地居民的生活以及各种基础设施，如何保证旅游业的长久发展是摆在人们面前的一大问题。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更多的人旅游的更频繁，因为去一个国家的障碍更少，费用更低，这就意味着游客在一个地方旅游的时间越来越短。A. longer 更长的；B. shorter 更短的；C. wider更宽的；D. clearer更
86、干净的。根据本句人们旅游更频繁，呆的时间越来越短，故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市假期的兴起，48小时快速了解外国文化的兴起，金钱和年假更匹配，这些都导致游客人数上涨，但是游客目的地地理范围没有相应的扩展。A. environmental环境的；B. national国家的；C. economic经济的； D. geographic地理的。根据文章可知，本文讲述旅游兴起带来的问题，故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于当地人来说，城市已经不属于他们了。A. locals当地人；B. tourists游客；C. visitors参观者；D. cleaners清洁工
87、。根据文章可知，本文讲述旅游对当地的冲击，故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Font说到，这需要从市场广告做起，阿姆斯特丹就在其旅游官网上建议游客到郊区寻找食宿地方。A. transports交通；B. accommodation食宿；C. restaurants餐厅；D. service服务。根据文章可知，本文提供了一些解决办法，故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是也建议了一种更好的方式，叫错峰旅游，一种可持续的旅游方式，即避开游客大量集中的旅游景点，去探索真正的威尼斯。A. addresses做演讲，处理；B. paves铺路；C. proposes建议；D. r
88、eceives收到。根据本句可知，还有另外一种方式来解决这个问题，故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是也建议了一种更好的方式，叫错峰旅游，一种可持续的旅游方式，即避开游客大量集中的旅游景点，去探索真正的威尼斯。A. separate分开的；B. individual个人的；C. alternative可替代性的；D. objective客观的。根据本句off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year可知，为游客提供一些人少的路线，故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对游客
89、进行广泛指导也可以引导他们不去人满为患的景点，打消他们短期旅行的想法。A. reform改革；B. guidance指导；C. invitation邀请；D. support支持。根据文章可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对游客进行广泛指导也可以引导他们不去人满为患的景点，打消他们短期旅行的想法。A. convincing说服；B. discouraging打消积极性；C. preventing阻止；D. resisting抵抗。根据文章可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，合理规划自己的旅行计划，故选B【29题详解】考查动词词义辨
90、析。句意：在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解一定的压力。A. pace踱步走；B. escape逃跑；C. withstand抵抗；D. ease缓解。根据后文If you go to Paris for two days, youre going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, youre not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”可知，在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解当地的压力，故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客
91、再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. culture 文化；B. knowledge知识；C. entertainment娱乐；D. ability能力。根据后文If theyre coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.可知，多次去同一个地方旅游的游客能够更好地融入当地的文化，故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. take over接管；B. bring
92、 up抚养；C. come back回来；D. lay off解雇。根据文章可知，应该考虑怎样让游客来了还想来，故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他引用了巴塞罗那旅游局未公布的数据，由于比法国游客平均每天多花40欧元，把日本游客放在更优先的地方，但是没有考虑日本游客更大的碳足迹。A. distinction区分；B. harmony和谐；C. association联系；D. comparison对比。根据本句可知，把日本游客与法国游客进行对比，故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是法国游客更可能再次去巴塞罗那旅游，错开高峰期，购买当地产品，去那些人更少的景点。A. F
93、rench 法国人；B. Italian意大利人；C. Spanish西班牙人；D. German德国人。根据文章可知，尽管日本游客花钱更多，但是法国游客更有可能再次去，故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是法国游客更可能再次去巴塞罗那旅游，错开高峰期，购买当地产品，去那些人更少的景点。A. carry out实施；B. give into让步； C. spread out扩散；D. impact on影响。根据文章可知，法国人更有可能去人少的地方，故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有的这些措施都是可持续的措施，更少的影响当地的居民。A. slight轻微的；B.
94、complex复杂的；C. temporary临时的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据文章可知，本文主要探讨旅游业减少对当地居民的影响，故选D。第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nowadays 5G is very popular among customers，but China is looking past 5G and intending_36_(build)a 6G network. China is starting research into 6G，_37_(make) it one of
95、 the first countries to do so. The actual development of 6G wilt_38_ (official) begin in 2020，but the commercial use will have to wait.The _39_ (arrive)of 5G has attracted a lot of people. It not only brings fast mobile Internet，but also_40_ (enable)us to connect with machines. So _41_is 6G supposed
96、 to bring，especially for ordinary people? For one thing，_42_ will make mobile Internet work at a speed of 1 TB per second，which means you can download around 100 films _43_ less than one second. For another，6G will connect our devices _44_(efficiently) than 5G，which makes Internet coverage much wide
97、r.Of course，there is a long way to go yet，_45_I believe tomorrows Internet is in our hands. Our life in the future will be wonderful and fantastic.【答案】36. to build 37. making 38. officially 39. arrival 40. enables 41. what 42. it 43. in/ within 44. more efficiently 45. but【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了中国正在研究
98、6G，并提到了6G会带来的影响。【36题详解】考查固定搭配。intend to do为固定搭配，意为“打算做某事”，故填to build。【37题详解】考查现在分词。分析句子可知make在句中做非谓语，make的逻辑主语为“China is starting research into 6G（中国开始研究6G）”这件事，与其逻辑主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以要用make的现在分词形式，故填making。【38题详解】考查副词。空格处修饰动词begin, 要用副词修饰动词，故填officially。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：5G的到来吸引了很多人。根据定冠词the可知空格处要填一个名词，a
99、rrive的名词形式为arrival意为“到达，达到”符合句意，故填arrival。【40题详解】考查动词单复数。分析句子可知enable在句中做谓语，主语为it。主语it为单数，谓语动词也要用单数。根据前文中的brings可知要用一般现在时。故填enables。【41题详解】考查疑问代词。句意：那么，6G带来什么，特别是对普通人来说？分析可知本句是一个疑问句，缺一个疑问词，根据句意，这里要表达的是6G会带来“什么”，故用疑问代词what引导这个疑问句。故填what。【42题详解】考查代词。句意：一方面，它（6G）使移动互联网以每秒1 TB的速度工作。分析句子可知，空格处应该是句子的主语。根据
100、句意，这里指的是6G使移动互联网以每秒1 TB的速度工作，故用代词it代指上文中的“6G”做主语。故填it。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：这意味着你可以在不到一秒之的时间内下载大约100部电影。根据句意，这里要表达的是“在不到一秒之内”， 介词in/within 意为“在.之内”符合句意，故填in/within。【44题详解】考查副词的比较级。句意：另一方面，6G将会比5G更有效率地连接我们的设备，这让互联网的覆盖范围更广。根据than可知这里要用所给词的比较级，故填more efficiently。【45题详解】考查连词。Of course, there is still a long wa
101、y to go（当然，我们还有很长的路要走）与I believe tomorrows Internet is in our hands（我相信未来的互联网在我们的掌握之中）都是完整的句子，所以要用一个连词连接两个句子。这两个句子之间为转折关系，故填but。【点睛】语法填空中，副词与形容词的用法是高频考点。副词修饰形容词或动词，形容词修饰名词或者代词。比如第3小题括号所给词为形容词，分析可知空格处要形容动词begin，所以要用所给词的副词形式，故填officially。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46. 假定你是李华。下学期你将作为交换生（exchange stude
102、nt）去加拿大一所高中学习，住在Lynn家里。请给Lynn写一封邮件，内容包括：1.介绍自己；2.告知到达时间；3.询问应做何准备。注意:1.词数80左右2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear Lynn,Im Li Hua, an exchange student from China. Im happy to know that Ill be staying with your family in the next few months while Im studying at the local high school. Thank you for having me! I w
103、ill arrive in Toronto on August 20th and get to your place late that afternoon. I wonder if you could give me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.Looking forward to seeing you!Best wishes,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，下学期你将作为交换生（exchange student）去加拿大一所高中学习，住在Lynn家里
104、。请给Lynn写一封邮件告诉她你的具体情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.介绍自己；2.告知到达时间；3.询问应做何准备。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）an exchange student, school hall, happy to know, thank you for doing,give me some advice, so that, get myself better prepared for,looking forward to seei
105、ng.第三步：连词成句1.Im Li Hua, an exchange student from China. 2.Im happy to know that Ill be staying with your family in the next few months while Im studying at the local high school. 3.Thank you for having me! 4.I will arrive in Toronto on August 20th and get to your place late that afternoon. 5.I wonde
106、r if you could give me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.6.Looking forward to seeing you!根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Secondly, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover.3.表转折对比关系：However,
107、 On the contrary, On the one hand,On the other hand Some.4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1Im happy to know that Ill be staying with your family in the next few months while Im studying at the local high school.宾语从句和时间状语从句完美结合，同时句中使用了将
108、来进行时态，恰到好处；高分句型2I wonder if you could give me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.宾语从句和目的状语从句运用巧妙至极。第二节（满分25分）47. It was summer and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to Al
109、buquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dads friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the
110、night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. The day starts at dawn on my farm, he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with
111、 Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasnt going to take a horse ride by myself anyway.
112、 So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. Dont be late for supper, Uncle Paul cried, and keep to the track so that you dont get lost! OK! my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peacef
113、ul and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.注意：（1）所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；（2）
114、至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语：（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. _Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. _【答案】One possible version:Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. My hors
115、e turned to the left to avoid the little rabbit as I held on tightly and tried not to fall. Then my dad turned around and shouted, “Hold on!” All of a sudden the horse began to run. My dad tried to keep up behind us. For a few minutes my horse slowed down to a trot and then stopped beside a river. I
116、 looked around and realized that we were way off the track.We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Luckily the stars came out and gave us a little light when we were looking for the way to the farm house. After what must have been several hours, we suddenly heard the sound of sheep in the dist
117、ance. My dad and I both rode our horses towards the sound of the sheep. As we got closer we saw Uncle Paul with a flashlight waving us over. What a night!【解析】【详解】读后续写要求考生首先要读懂已有信息，不仅能读懂字面含义，还要理清文章的脉络。续篇这篇短文时，考生要搞清楚故事的发展进程、前因后果、地理位置、人物思想情感的变化等。在此基础上，考生要顺着文章的思路，根据线索，发挥想象，对其后的情节进行合理预测，并用语言表达出来。通过阅读所给文章
118、可知，父亲带儿子去西部荒野的一个朋友家体验农场生活，见父亲和叔叔骑马，儿子也很想骑，于是亲身上马体验。根据第一段所给首句Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.这一句是故事发展的转折点，可从rabbit出现后带来的反应扩展开，可以写马的反应，也可以写人的反应，但要注意与第二段首句相呼应。第二段首句是We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.这一句呼应前文Uncle Paul的叮嘱不要误吃晚饭，可从如何寻路返回农场去写。续写时注意要使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后要用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
