1、北京市西城区2020届高三英语4月统一测试试题（含解析）本试卷共11页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The International Day of Families, which was started by the United Nations in 1993, _1_ (hold) on M
2、ay 15 every year. The day celebrates the _2_ (important) of families. It aims to deepen peoples understanding of issue _3_are related to families. With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international _4_ (level).【答案
3、】1. is held 2. importance 3. that/which 4. levels【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际家庭日。【1题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：国际家庭日于1993年由联合国发起，每年5月15日举行。根据every year可知时态是一般现在时，且主语是The International Day of Families，因此此处要用被动语态。故填is held。【2题详解】考查名词。句意：这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。根据冠词the可知此处要用名词。故填importance。【3题详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：它的目的是加深人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。
4、此处是由that/which引导的定语从句，主语是peoples understanding of issue，指物，且that/which在从句中作主语。故填that/which。【4题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：每年的这一天都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际各级举办各种各样的活动。根据形容词national and international形式名词，由events可知此处要用复数形式。故填levels。【点睛】第1小题由every year可知考查了一般现在时的用法。一般现在时的用法：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯
5、性的动作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的结构：1.be动词：主语+be（am，is，are）其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词（+其它）。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数（he，she，it）时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时常用的时间词：often，usually，sometimes，ever
6、y day（week，year.）等。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。For thousands of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In China during the Shang Dynasty, people _5_ (record) weather forecasts on animal bones and tortoise shells. Centuries later, _6_ Greece, the phi
7、losopher, Aristotle wrote his theories about how weather conditions formed. Weather forecasting advanced over time, with more and more instruments used to measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. Today, satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more _7_ (preci
8、se).【答案】5. recorded 6. in 7. precisely【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了几千年来，人们一直试图预测天气。由商代人们用兽骨和龟甲记录天气预报到今天卫星数据和计算机技术帮助科学家更准确地预测天气。【5题详解】考查时态。句意：在中国的商代，人们用兽骨和龟甲记录天气预报。此处需要谓语动词，根据during the Shang Dynasty可知时态是一般过去时。故填recorded。【6题详解】考查介词。句意：几个世纪后，哲学家亚里士多德在希腊写下了他关于天气条件如何形成的理论。in Greece在希腊。故填in。【7题详解】考查副词。句意：今天，卫星数据
9、和计算机技术帮助科学家更准确地预测天气。此处要用副词修饰动词predict。故填precisely。【点睛】第1小题由during the Shang Dynasty可知考查了一般过去时的用法。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。一般过去时肯定句
10、的基本结构：“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+was/were+其他”。I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Last year, China started testing 5G mobile networks in several cities. The Hongkou District of Shanghai was the first to ope
11、rate a 5G network. To test the network, Wu Qing, vice mayor of Shanghai, made a phone call _8_ (use) a Huawei MateX, Huaweis first 5G smartphone. According to The Telegraph, “5G is the innovation that _9_ (shape) all our lives for years to come.” It is _10_ (fast) and more stable than 4G, the previo
12、us generation of cellular ( 蜂窝状的) network technology.【答案】8. using 9. will shape 10. faster【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了去年，中国开始在几个城市测试5G移动网络。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了测试这个网络，上海市副市长吴青用华为的首款5G智能手机华为MateX打了一个电话。根据made a phone call可知此处要用非谓语动词， Wu Qing与use之间是主动关系，要用现在分词。故填using。【9题详解】考查时态。句意：据每日电讯报报道，“5G是一项创新，将在未来几年塑造我们所有人的
13、生活。”根据for years to come可知此处要用一般将来时，主语是that ，指的是the innovation。故填will shape。【10题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：它比4G更快、更稳定，4G是上一代蜂窝网络技术。根据and more stable than可知此处要用形容词的比较级。故填faster。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It was late, about 10:15 p.m., when Janice Esposito arrive
14、d at the Bellport train station; she jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-year-old son. Shed just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route many times before. She practically _11_ on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a l
15、eft on Montauk Highway, and thenwham! Out of nowhere a car T-boned Espositos minivan, _12_ her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She _13_ in the minivan, bruised (撞伤) but mostly just knocked out by the _14_ and the airbags.As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for _15
16、_. Hed just closed his book and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer_16_and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never _17_to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣
17、), ran out the door. “Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told Newsday. “Were always on_18_.”The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had _19_Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and _20_Espositos minivan positioned on t
18、he railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells signaling an oncoming _21_.“The gates were starting to come down,” he told Newsday. “I see the headlight of the train.” DiPinto ran quickly to Espositos minivan and knocked on the drivers side window. She _22_ looked at him, her eyes
19、unfocused. “I dont know where I am,” she said. She seemed unhurt. “Honey, youre on the railroad _23_,” DiPinto shouted. “We have to get you off right now!” He pulled hard on the _24_, but the door was crashed in and _25_. The heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward
20、 them. DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the _26_. “Please, dont let her be _27_,” he thought. He pushed aside the deflating (瘪了的) airbags, grabbed Espositos arms, and_28_her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to _29_ behind a signal b
21、ox a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan. “It was like a Hollywood movie,” DiPinto told reporters the next day.But this one had a twist. “Last night,” South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino told CBS New York, “the_30_ arrived in pajamas, not in a f
22、ire truck.”11. A. droveB. walkedC. rodeD. hiked12. A. allowingB. forcingC. orderingD. reminding13. A. satB. stoodC. hidD. waited14. A. actionB. noiseC. impactD. bomb15. A. classB. workC. dinnerD. bed16. A. doctorB. driverC. firefighterD. engineer17. A. stoppedB. troubledC. intendedD. wanted18. A. du
23、tyB. timeC. targetD. schedule19. A. warnedB. caughtC. hitD. followed20. A. observedB. spottedC. realizedD. predicted21. A. trainB. truckC. carD. ambulance22. A. yetB. justC. stillD. even23. A. yardsB. stationsC. bridgesD. tracks24. A. beltB. keyC. bellD. handle25. A. unlockedB. jammedC. openD. gone2
24、6. A. bagB. doorC. bookD. box27. A. scaredB. ignoredC. trappedD. defeated28. A. carriedB. rushedC. guidedD. pulled29. A. returnB. workC. safetyD. life30. A. policeB. actorC. reporterD. hero【答案】11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D
25、 29. C 30. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个夜晚发生了事故，埃斯波西托的小货车被撞了，落在铁轨上，皮特迪平托听到声音立刻出来现场进行救助，火车就要来临前的几秒钟，这个英雄顺利挽救了司机的生命的感人故事。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她几乎是自动驾驶的：左转到车站路，然后左转到蒙托克高速公路，然后是嘭的一声！A. drove开车；B. walked走路；C. rode骑着；D. hiked远足，徒步旅行。根据上文she jumped into her Honda Odyssey可知她是开车的。故选A。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一辆不知道从哪儿冒出来的
26、汽车撞毁了埃斯波西托的小货车，迫使她后退了大约100英尺，落在铁轨上。A. allowing允许；B. forcing强迫；C. ordering命令，指示；D. reminding提醒。根据to move backward some 100 feet可知她是被迫后退的。故选B。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她坐在一辆小型货车里，身上有瘀伤，但基本上是被冲击的影响和安全气囊搞得晕了过去。A. sat坐；B. stood站立；C. hid躲藏；D. waited等待。根据knocked out可知她当时是坐着车里的。故选A。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她坐在一辆小型货车里，身上
27、有瘀伤，但基本上是被冲击的影响和安全气囊搞得晕了过去。A. action行动；B. noise噪音，响声；C. impact影响，效果；D. bomb炸弹。根据the airbags可知这是被撞击造成的影响。故选C。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事情发生时，皮特迪平托正准备睡觉。A. class班级；B. work工作；C. dinner晚餐；D. bed床。根据下文Hed just closed his book and was getting under the covers可知此处他准备上床睡觉。故选D。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：64岁的迪平托是一名志愿消防员和退休教
28、师。A. doctor医生；B. driver司机；C. firefighter消防队员；D. engineer工程师。根据下文“Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told Newsday.可知他是一名志愿消防员。故选C。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：64岁的迪平托是一名志愿消防员和退休教师，他没有停下来去思考发生了什么。A. stopped停下；B. troubled麻烦；C. intended打算；D. wanted想要。根据下文He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in
29、his pajamas (睡衣), ran out the door.这一系列动作可知他听到声音后没有停下来思考就出去了。故选A。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“任何消防员都会做我做的事，”他告诉新闻日报。“我们总是在坚守岗位。”A. duty责任；B. time时间；C. target 目标；D. schedule计划表。on duty值班，上班。符合消防员的工作性质。故选A。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在离前院2000英尺的地方发现的第一辆车就是撞到埃斯波西托的那辆。A. warned警告；B. caught捕捉；C. hit撞击，打击，袭击；D. followed跟着
30、，听从。根据上文Out of nowhere a car T-boned Espositos minivan可知这是撞击了埃斯波西托的那辆车。故选C。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当迪平托断定司机安然无恙时，他环顾四周，发现埃斯波西托的小货车停在了铁轨上。A. observed观察；B. spotted发现；C. realized实现，意识到；D. predicted预测，预报。根据他的动作concluded和looked around可知此处表示他发现了埃斯波西托的小货车停在了铁轨上。故选B。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他听到一声可怕的声音：火车驶来的钟声。A. tra
31、in火车；B. truck卡车；C. car小汽车；D. ambulance救护车。根据下文“I see the headlight of the train.”可知此处表示听到火车驶来的钟声。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她只是看着他，眼神不集中。A. yet还，但是，已经；B. just仅仅，只是；C. still仍然；D. even甚至，即使。根据her eyes unfocused可知她当时不清醒，所以只能看着迪平托而没有其他反应。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“亲爱的，你在铁轨上，”迪平托喊道。A. yards院子；B. stations 车站；C.
32、bridges桥；D. tracks轨道。根据上文Espositos minivan positioned on the railroad tracks可知此处表示在铁轨上。railroad tracks铁轨。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他使劲拉着门把手，但门被撞进去了，卡住了。A. belt腰带，地带；B. key钥匙；C. bell铃，钟声；D. handle把手，柄。根据but the door 可知他抓的是门把手。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他使劲拉着门把手，但门被撞进去了，卡住了。A. unlocked打开的；B. jammed卡住的，拥堵的；C
33、. open公开的，敞开的，打开的；D. gone消失的。根据but the door was crashed in可知此处表示门被卡住了。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪平托跑副驾驶的位置，把门打开。A. bag书包，背包；B. door门；C. book书本；D. box箱，盒子。根据DiPinto ran to the passenger side可知他跑到另一边去开门。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“求求你，别让她被困住了，”他想。A. scared害怕；B. ignored忽略，不理睬；C. trapped困住；D. defeated打败。根据上文bu
34、t the door was crashed in and jammed可知此处表示困住之意。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他推开泄气的安全气囊，抓住埃斯波西托的胳膊，把她从副驾驶座位上拉到自己身边，直到他能把她救出来，并迅速把她带到几英尺外一个信号箱后面的安全地带。A. carried携带；B. rushed匆促，急忙；C. guided导向；D. pulled拉，牵引。根据grabbed Espositos arms可知他把埃斯波西托拉拽出来。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他推开泄气的安全气囊，抓住埃斯波西托的胳膊，把她从乘客座位上拉到自己身边，直到他能把她
35、救出来，并迅速把她带到几英尺外一个信号箱后面的安全地带。A. return返回，恢复；B. work产品，工厂，文学，工作；C. safety安全；D. life生命，生活。根据常识和behind a signal box a few feet away可知此处表示安全地带。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“昨天晚上，”南部地区救护车负责人Greg Miglino告诉纽约哥伦比亚广播公司，“英雄是穿着睡衣来的，不是坐消防车来的。”A. police警察；B. actor演员；C. reporter记者；D. hero英雄。根据arrived in pajamas可知此处指的是迪平
36、托，他在危急时刻救了埃斯波西托，是一个英雄。故选D。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第5小题要求判断迪平托要做什么，根据下文Hed just closed his book and was getting under the covers可知此处他准备上床睡觉。故选D项。第13小题要求判断埃斯波西托当时身处哪里，根据上文Espositos minivan positioned on the railroad tracks可知此处表示在铁轨上。railroad tracks铁轨。故选D项。第二部分：阅读理解（
37、共两节，40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhat it doesThe self-cleaning door handle is combining with advanced photocatalytic ( 光 催 化 ) and blacklight technology. A light source activates the doors handle coating, telling it to start cleaning. It can minimiz
38、e the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space. How it worksThe working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating can effectively decompose bacteria ( 细 菌 ) on the surface of a substance. A consistent UV light sourceinside a transparent glass
39、door handleis required to activate the doors handle coating on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. Then, the door handle can clean by itself.Design processWe made the first version b
40、y using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved the generator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source.How it is differentOur innovative design is simple, ef
41、fective, and attractive. It has an elegant smooth shape, and its minimalist appearance stands out in todays world of inventions. Nowadays, people use chemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas but it harms the human body. Our design can be used for a long time and is effective. It can self
42、-clean after each use. In the door lock and door handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products.Future plansIn the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market with similar products. We are going to connect with public properties, f
43、or example, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher.AwardsIn addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva Inventions Exhibition.31. How doe
44、s the self-cleaning door handle function?A. It controls the door movement automatically.B. It minimizes the risk of infection by less contact.C. Chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up.D. The light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself.32. Compared with the first version o
45、f the product, the present one is _.A. safer and cheaperB. cleaner and easierC. less heavy and more effectiveD. more attractive and expensive33. What do we know about the new invention according to the passage?A It has been widely used in public areas.B. It has received recognition for its innovatio
46、n.C. It is quite competitive among similar products.D. It will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials.【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了结合先进的光催化和黑光技术的自洁门把手。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据What it does中A light source activates the doors handle coating, telling it to start cleaning. 一个光源激活门把手涂层，告诉它开始清洁。可知
47、，光源指示门把手涂层自行清洁。故选D项。32题详解】细节理解题。根据Design process中We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved the generator output which effectively turned energy from door movemen
48、t into a light source. 我们用不锈钢做了第一个版本。然而，它使门把手更重了。然后，我们尝试了铝，这使它很轻，很容易修复。我们还改进了发电机的输出，有效地将能量从门的运动转化为光源。可知，与第一代相比，目前这代产品更轻也更有效。故选C项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据How it is different中In the door lock and door handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products. 在门锁和门把手市场，它是一个独特的设计，因为没有类似的产品。以及Aw
49、ards中In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva Inventions Exhibition. 除了获得詹姆斯戴森奖，它还获得了金奖，并在2016年参加了第44届日内瓦国际发明展。由此判断出，这款产品的创新得到了认可。故选B项。BThis little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 mi
50、les, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like something out of a fairy tale, but its true!71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lyin
51、g on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin back
52、 into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and wouldnt leave.“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers, he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like its my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,”
53、Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told The Independent: “I have never seen anything like this bef
54、ore. I think the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying rise in the phenomenon
55、 of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazils beaches. Professor David Zee from Rio de Janeiros State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been
56、a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets.Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to
57、 stay with Joao because of his kindness.”34. Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to _.A. avoid being killedB. meet his rescuerC. escape from ocean currentsD. find much more fish35. When Din was found in 2011 _.A. he was dyingB. he was running on the beachC. he was resting on a
58、rockD. he was cleaning oil off his feathers36. What can we learn about Joao from the passage?A. He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities.B. He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.C. His contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.D. His kindn
59、ess wins the penguins trust.37. The story in the passage mainly shows _.A. the environmental impact on wildlifeB. the love between humans and wildlifeC. the tendency of wildlife to bond with humansD. the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind【答案】34. B 35. A 36. D 37. B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了南美洲的小麦哲伦企
60、鹅丁每年都要游5000英里到巴西的一个海滩和它的救命恩人团聚。同时，专家也表示担忧气候和海洋漏油污染给海洋动物带来的危害。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. 这只南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅每年都要游5000英里，游到巴西的一个海滩，为了和救了它命的人团聚。可知，每年丁都要长途游泳到巴西的海滩是
61、为了去见他的救命恩人。故选B项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength.这只企鹅浑身是油，很快就没命了。若昂救了这只企鹅，给它取名为丁，清理掉它羽毛上的油污，每天喂它吃鱼来恢复体力。可知，2011年当Din被发现时，他
62、已经奄奄一息了。故选A项。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“I love the penguin like its my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.” “我爱这只企鹅就像爱自己的孩子一样，我相信这只企鹅也爱我
63、，”若昂告诉环球电视台。“他不许别人碰他。如果他们这样做了，他就会啄他们。他躺在我的腿上，让我给他洗澡，让我喂他。”可知，若昂的善良赢得了这只企鹅的信任。故选D项。【37题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段中This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. 这只南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅每年都要游5000英里，游到巴西的一个海滩，为了和救了
64、它命的人团聚。以及最后一段中But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness. 但在这件事上，由于乔的好意，当局允许丁和他呆在一起。可知，本文主要是讲述了若昂和企鹅丁之间相处的故事，体现了人类和野生动物之间的爱。故选B项。CStore owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and purchasing their goods. Even as we f
65、ind new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神经科学家) are employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a consumers brain at each point in the decision process.We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal or h
66、aving to pay more for the same thing and lose money. Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前 额皮 层 ) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encou
67、raging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we dont actually need yet.Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the holiday season, and its shaped by emotion. Emotionwhether good or badenhances the formation of m
68、emories, engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol, for instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are brought back even more easily by sensory
69、 input. This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because were buying gifts. Receiving
70、 a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me, so he or she must value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the same, how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have to rely on each other. So when our brains a
71、re trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that), then there must be a reason.Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the mome
72、nt, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and youll feel good about your purchases later. Before you blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next purchase.38. From Paragraph 2, we learn t
73、hat _.A. the prefrontal cortex is the calculation centerB. the common consumers always act unreasonablyC. the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fearD. the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing39. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers
74、?A. Creating a festival atmosphere.B. Following the current fashion.C. Preparing more free samples.D. Offering a bigger discount.40. Why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?A. They are more reliable.B. They are a sign of social status.C. They make people feel valued.D. They are favored by
75、most people.41. To avoid overspending, the author suggests we _.A. buy in the momentB. reduce our budgetC. return unnecessary productsD. make a plan in advance【答案】38. C 39. A 40. C 41. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。商店老板一直在发明新招数，让消费者进入他们的商店，购买他们的商品。文章介绍了是哪些因素促使消费者消费。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Normally, the prefrontal cortex
76、( 前额皮层 ) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we
77、 dont actually need yet.正常情况下，前额叶皮层控制我们对事物的情绪反应，并通过平复我们的恐惧来阻止我们做出不合理的行为。但是广告商可以通过展示华而不实的交易标志来干扰我们的前额叶皮层，鼓励它计算一下，如果我们现在多买一些我们实际上还不需要的东西，可以省下多少钱。由此可推断华而不实的交易标志会干扰消费者的前额叶皮层，可能会让消费者充满恐惧。故选C项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the h
78、oliday season, and its shaped by emotion. 怀旧，即对过去事件的遗憾情感，是假期期间另一个强大的影响因素，它是由情感塑造的。由此判断出，营造节日气氛对消费者有作用。故选A项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because were buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this perso
79、n has spent more on me, so he or she must value me more.”节日期间，我们特别习惯于为品牌多花钱，因为我们要买礼物。收到一件名牌礼物会传递这样的信息：“这个人在我身上花了更多的钱，所以他或她一定更看重我。”可知，我们要在节日期间买名牌礼物是因为名牌礼物会让人们感到自己被重视。故选C项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Plan ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is
80、actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and youll feel good about your purchases later. 提前计划，抵制一时的冲动，为比较购物做笔记，如果交易真的很好，那么它将经得起检验，你以后会对你买的东西感觉很好。可知，为了避免超支，作者建议我们提前制定计划。故选D项。DThe Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels andmost importantlytastes so much like re
81、al hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The ca
82、mpaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.While its true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and its true that
83、eating one is not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, its best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth i
84、s that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, its really nothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Ch
85、oosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isnt just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.Whats appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt.Lets
86、 face it there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate change, and not just because methane (甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the wor
87、lds greenhouse gases. Yet we cant seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives
88、in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner.A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. G
89、lobal Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.42. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. These ads deserve little consideration.B. We should spread the message of these ads.C. Wed better be cautious when reading these ads.D. These ads tel
90、l people a lot about plant-based burgers.43. What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?A. They are likely to cause poisoning.B. Their use is within the normal range.C. Some have not been used in hamburgers.D. They are used to ensure burgers taste good.44. What is the a
91、uthors attitude towards plant-based burgers?A. Supportive.B. Neutral.C. Disapproving.D. Doubtful.45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionA. B. C. D. 【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D【解析】这是一篇议论文。针对植物性汉堡的出现，牛肉行业强烈抵制,并
92、例举了植物性汉堡诸多的问题；但作者认为植物性汉堡既能满足肉类需求，又能提供蛋白质，且气候足迹更小，是一种潜在的环境改变者。【42题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those li
93、sted in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods.例如，一个广告中强调的植物性肉类的添加剂和防腐剂听起来确实很可怕。谁想在他们的饮食中加入二氧化钛？但事实是，诸如广告中所列的那些添加剂经常用于各种包装食品中。广告说的添加剂和防腐剂不一定其他食物中没有，因此可猜测，划线句its best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.意为“看这些广告时我们最好小心些。”故选C项。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中But the truth is that addit
94、ives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, its really nothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.但事实是，诸如广告中所列的那些添加剂经常用于各种包装食品中。如果甲基纤维素，一种食物增稠剂，听起来让人不舒服，那它和你从普
95、通肉类中得到的沙门氏菌中毒相比真的是微不足道。由此判断出，植物性汉堡中的添加剂和防腐剂它们的使用在正常范围内。故选B项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Globa
96、l Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.一种以植物为基础的肉类，既能满足肉类需求，又能提供蛋白质，但气候足迹更小，这是一种潜在的环境改变者，也是“不可能的食物”在2019年获得联合国全球气候行动奖的原因之一。难怪肉类行业如此警惕。由此判断出，作者是支持植物性汉堡的。故选A项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels andmost importa
97、ntlytastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry.可知是介绍引出植物性汉堡；接下来The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger
98、.提出了反对植物性汉堡的观点；第三段中its best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt提出了另一种观点，即植物性汉堡是可行的；第四和第七段是支持植物性汉堡的；第五和第六段是反对植物性汉堡；最后一段是作者的总结和看法。因此文章中思想的发展结构应该是选项D。故选D项。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fashion and IdentityFor hundreds of years people have put some messag
99、e in the type of clothing they wore. Long ago people started wanting to stand out from the “crowd” and be different from other people by means of changing their clothing. Some examples of these “standing out” became very popular and were followed by more people._46_Nowadays, fashion has become a nec
100、essary part of ones self-realization and clothing is basically a covering designed to be worn on a persons body. This covering is a “necessity”, which brings a lot of variety into the lives of people and makes their image more complete.The type of clothing completely depends on the person wearing it
101、 and becomes a reflection of personal identity. Lately, a lot is being heard about its meaning in the life of every single person on the planet. The choice of clothing is as important as identification through the color of hair, skin and gender. As every piece of clothing carries a strong message ab
102、out its owner, every owner “nests” a certain value in it depending on his mindset or todays mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a means of communication with the outside world._47_Clothes have a significant impact on the understanding of the people nearby as well as the person wearing them.
103、 For instance, a suit can make a person feel more confident and organized, which would eventually change even the gestures of the person. _48_ Sometimes, fashion may play a vital role in a persons life, especially when the person is applying for the job he wants. Fashion also creates a message that
104、is required by a situation the person finds himself in. This can be simply proved by analyzing ones reaction on people wearing different types of clothing._49_ Thus, even the smallest companies make wearing a suit one of the requirements for their employees._50_ Fashion, with all its symbolism and f
105、eatures, form an outstanding base for personal and cultural identification. It is a part of the self-realization that is required for finding a place in life and has become a tool for achieving harmony with the inner world. The more diverse the society around us, the more fashion-trend will appear a
106、nd surprise us.A. Fashion helps us realize our dreams.B. This was the moment when fashion appeared.C. Fashion and identity are inseparable companions.D. Clothing was designed to serve people in their daily life.E. The preference is always given to people dressed in “business style”.F. It is the way
107、of telling people about the “state” and the “status” of its owner.G. Wearing jeans after a suit may change the conduct of a person to a very casual one.【答案】46. B 47. F 48. G 49. E 50. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了时尚和身份的关系。【46题详解】根据上一句Some examples of these “standing out” became very popular and were followed b
108、y more people.这些“脱颖而出”的例子变得非常受欢迎，并被更多的人效仿。下一句Nowadays, fashion has become a necessary part of ones self-realization and clothing is basically a covering designed to be worn on a persons body.如今，时尚已经成为一个人自我实现的必要组成部分，衣服基本上是一个人身上穿的覆盖物。可知，此处与时尚的出现有关，选项B“这就是时尚出现的时刻。”符合语境。故选B。【47题详解】根据上一句Therefore, the cl
109、othing of a person is a means of communication with the outside world.因此，一个人的衣服是与外界交流的一种方式。可知，此处与衣服体现主人的方式有关，选项F“它是一种告诉人们它的“状态”和主人的“地位”的方式。”符合语境。故选F。【48题详解】根据上一句For instance, a suit can make a person feel more confident and organized, which would eventually change even the gestures of the person.例如，
110、一套西装可以让一个人感到更加自信和有条理，这最终甚至会改变一个人的举止。可知，此处例举穿不同的衣服可以改变人的举止，选项G“西装后穿牛仔裤可能会使一个人的行为举止变得非常随意。”符合语境。故选G。【49题详解】根据下一句Thus, even the smallest companies make wearing a suit one of the requirements for their employees.因此，即使是最小的公司也把穿西装作为对员工的要求之一。可知，此处与员工穿西装这种风格有关，选项E“人们总是偏爱穿着“商务风格”的人。”符合语境。故选E。【50题详解】根据下一句Fash
111、ion, with all its symbolism and features, form an outstanding base for personal and cultural identification.时尚，以其所有的象征意义和特征，形成了一个杰出的个人和文化认同的基础。可知，此处与时尚和身份之间关系有关，选项C“时尚和身份是密不可分的伴侣。”符合语境。故选C。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）第一节（15 分）51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在做关于“中学生做家务”的调查，想了解你做家务的情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1）你平时做哪些家务；2）
112、你对中学生做家务的看法。注意: 1.词数不少于 50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Knowing you are conducting a survey of the housework that high school students do at home, Im writing to tell you about what I do.Although my school schedule is rather tight, I still manage to help with the housework fro
113、m time to time. I will clean up after dinner. I also help with other things like sweeping and dusting. Every once in a while, I will cook something for my family. So far, my spaghetti has been the most delicious dish.I think high school students should do some housework. For one thing, by doing hous
114、ework we learn to take responsibility at home, and in the longer term, in society. For another, I find the time spent doing housework with my parents really fun and rewarding; we chat with each other and sometimes even sing together. Doing housework can be a great break from my busy school work.Good
115、 luck with your survey.Yours,Li Hua【解析】分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，回复Jim关于你做家务的情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文；人称：第一、二人称为主；时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时；要点：1）你平时做哪些家务；2）你对中学生做家务的看法。第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）at home；manage to do；from time to time；clean up；a survey of；so far；do some housework；in the longer term；take responsibility；chat wit
116、h；school work等第三步：连词成句1. Knowing you are conducting a survey of the housework that high school students do at home, Im writing to tell you about what I do.2. Although my school schedule is rather tight, I still manage to help with the housework from time to time.3. I also help with other things like
117、 sweeping and dusting.4. Every once in a while, I will cook something for my family.5. I think high school students should do some housework.6. By doing housework we learn to take responsibility at home, and in the longer term, in society.7. I find the time spent doing housework with my parents real
118、ly fun and rewarding.8. Doing housework can be a great break from my busy school work.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表转折对比关系：Although；For one thingFor another；2.表并列补充关系：still；also；and；even；3.表示时间关系：Every once等连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上
119、下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：Knowing you are conducting a survey of the housework that high school students do at home, Im writing to tell you about what I do.使用了现在分词作原因状语；Although my school schedule is rather tight, I still manage to help with the housework from time to time.使用了由although引导的让步状语从
120、句；For one thing, by doing housework we learn to take responsibility at home, and in the longer term, in society. For another, I find the time spent doing housework with my parents really fun and rewarding; we chat with each other and sometimes even sing together.使用了For one thingFor another引导并列句；Doin
121、g housework can be a great break from my busy school work.使用了动名词作主语等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：manage to do；from time to time；clean up；so far；do some housework；in the longer term；take responsibility；chat with等。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节（20 分）52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。上周，你们班参加了学校的“爱科学月”板报展活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记
122、，记述整个过程。注意： 词数不少于60。_【答案】Last month, our class participated in the school poster exhibition with the topic “We Love Science”. We had a memorable experience working together.Having been informed of the activity, we put forward ideas as to the contents of the poster. After a brief discussion, we agree
123、d on the subjects of AI and 5G, since they are the hottest topics of the advanced technologies.No time was wasted in our preparation. We first went to the school library to research the history and development of the two fields. When realizing that the library couldnt provide us with enough informat
124、ion about cutting-edge technologies, we turned to our teacher for help, who proved to be a valuable resource and gave us lots of practical advice.With the material collected, we got down to making our poster. Each of us had been assigned different tasks, to which we devoted all our effort. We design
125、ed, wrote and painted. I even framed the poster to make it more eye-catching.On the day of the exhibition, our elaborately designed poster attracted much attention. The students gathered in front of our poster, appreciating our work. Filled with pride, we are looking forward to the next activity.【解析
126、】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇英文周记，记述你们班参加了学校的“爱科学月”板报展活动的整个过程。【详解】第一步：审题人称：第一人称体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时要点：1.按照顺序，描述图画中的内容；2.谈谈参加活动的感受。第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）participate in；school poster exhibition；be informed of；put forward；as to；provide sb. with sth.；turn to sb. for help；lots of；devote to；in front of；be filled wi
127、th；look forward to等第三步：连词成句1. Our class participated in the school poster exhibition with the topic “We Love Science”.2. Having been informed of the activity, we put forward ideas as to the contents of the poster.3. We agreed on the subjects of AI and 5G, since they are the hottest topics of the adv
128、anced technologies.4. We first went to the school library to research the history and development of the two fields.5. When realizing that the library couldnt provide us with enough information about cutting-edge technologies, we turned to our teacher for help, who proved to be a valuable resource a
129、nd gave us lots of practical advice.6. With the material collected, we got down to making our poster.7. Each of us had been assigned different tasks, to which we devoted all our effort.8. The students gathered in front of our poster, appreciating our work. 9. Filled with pride, we are looking forwar
130、d to the next activity.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Last；After； 2表并列补充关系：even；and；3.表示时间关系：since；On the day of；when等连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：Having been informed of the activity, we put forwar
131、d ideas as to the contents of the poster.使用了非谓语动词表示先后关系；We agreed on the subjects of AI and 5G, since they are the hottest topics of the advanced technologies.使用了由since引导的状语从句；When realizing that the library couldnt provide us with enough information about cutting-edge technologies, we turned to our
132、 teacher for help, who proved to be a valuable resource and gave us lots of practical advice.使用了由when引导的省略句和由who引导的非限制性定语从句；With the material collected, we got down to making our poster.使用了with的复合结构；The students gathered in front of our poster, appreciating our work. 使用了现在分词作伴随状语；Filled with pride, we are looking forward to the next activity.使用了过去分词作伴随状语等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
