1、2017高考二轮复习 非谓语动词 考点纵横2016年 全国卷 2015年 新课标卷 20152016年地方卷 全国卷(过去分词;动名词)全国卷(不定式)全国卷(不定式;现在分词)新课标卷(过去分词;现在分词)新课标卷(过去分词;动名词)2016年四川(不定式)2016年天津(现在分词)2016年江苏(过去分词)2016年北京(不定式;过去分词)2015年广东(不定式)2015年陕西(不定式)2015年四川(动名词;want后跟不定式)2015年浙江(动名词)2015年湖南(不定式;现在分词)2015年江苏(过去分词)今后高考试题对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:非谓语动词作定语的区别;
2、动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。对非谓语动词的考查常出现在语法填空和短文改错之中 考纲解读考生应掌握:1.非谓语动词的构成、语法功能及用法对比;2.非谓语动词完成式和被动式的用法及特点;3.非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式;4.不定式与动名词、动名词与现在分词、现在分词与过去分词、分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比;5.不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别;6.过去分词作定语、不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法。1.(2016全国)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a
3、TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：这里是动词的过去分词,表被动,作后置定语。2(2016全国)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.解析：此处是不定式短语表目的,相当于“in order to crea
4、te”。permittedto create考题导引3(2015陕西)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at home.解析：此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语与补语之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。4(2016全国)If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely (bring)your wo
5、rk home.解析：此处是固定用法“be likely to do sth”。5(2014湖南)(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.解析：这里是动名词短语充当句子的主语。to bring Understanding taken 考题导引知识网络非谓语动词知识梳理一、非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作
6、同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生完成式having donehaving been done其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this t
7、erm.本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读任务要完成。Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented thefirst computer.人们一致认为查尔斯巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有造成伤害。Do you mind being interrupted while studying?你介意学习时被打扰吗？Having been ignored for a long time,the boy sitting at theback felt bored and wen
8、t out.因长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。Given enough time,we are sure to do it well.如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。二、非谓语动词的用法(一)非谓语动词作状语的用法1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。To pass the college entrance exam,we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。(2)作结果状语不定式作结果状语常表
9、示令人意外的结果。Tom took a taxi to the airport,only to find his plane highup in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语常用于“主语(人)系动词形容词(过去分词)todo”结构中。形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry,surprised,disappointed,excited,glad,happy,anxious,delighted,pleased,foolish等。We wer
10、e astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。常用于“主语(物)系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,cheap，expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。The morning air is so good to breathe that he
11、 gets up early every day.早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。2分词作状语分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。(1)作时间状语相当于when,while,before,since,as引导的时间状语从句。Translated into English,the sentence was found to have anentirely different word order.When the sentence was translated in
12、to English,it was found to have an entirely different order.被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。(2)作原因状语相当于because,since,as引导的原因状语从句。Not understanding this problem,he asked the teacher about it.Because he didnt understand this problem,he asked theteacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。Defeated by his deskmate,he f
13、elt discouraged.Because he was defeated by his deskmate,he felt discouraged.由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。(3)作条件状语相当于if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.If Im given another hour,I can also work out theproblem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。More highways ha
14、ve been built in China,making it mucheasier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。One evening Harry phoned me,asking me to come to his flat assoon as possible.One evening Harry phoned me,and he asked me to come
15、to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。(6)作让步状语相当于though,although,even if等引导的让步状语从句。Warned of the danger,he still went skating on the thin ice.Though he was warned of the danger,he still went skating onthe thin ice.虽然被警告危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。3独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种
16、独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。(1)逻辑主语名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词名词或代词不定式表示动作未发生现在分词形式表示主动、进行过去分词表示被动、完成形容词/副词/介词短语(2)with/without复合宾语“with/without宾语宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。with宾语doing表示主动且进行或表示特征done表示被动且完成或表示状态to do表示将来介词短语/形容词/副
17、词(二)非谓语动词作定语的用法1不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。He has no pen to write with.他没有钢笔写字。(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。He is always
18、the first to arrive at the school and the last to leavethe school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。2分词作定语(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词
19、、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)fallen leaves落叶(表完成)3动名词作定语动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。a walking stick拐杖 a reading room阅览室a s
20、leeping car卧铺车(三)非谓语动词作宾语的用法1只能用不定式作宾语的动词下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。My English teacher promised to lend som
21、e books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。2只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy 想象，设想；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；cant help
22、 禁不住，mind，allow/permit，escape。此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,thank.for,apologize for,be busy(in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend t
23、ime(in),look forward to。We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。My mother couldnt help smiling when she heard the good news.听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。3既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：后接不定式后接动名词regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做过某事forget
24、 to do sth.忘记要去做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事remember to do sth.记得要做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事后接不定式后接动名词mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事try to do sth.努力/企图做某事try doing sth.试着做某事cant help(to)do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事(四)非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法1不定式作宾语补足语有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语sb.to d
25、o”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise 建议 allow 允许 ask 询问；要求beg 乞求cause 导致encourage 鼓励expect 期望forbid 禁止force 强迫intend 意欲invite 邀请order 订购persuade 说服prefer 喜爱require 需要teach 教remind 提醒tell 告诉want 想要warn 警告wish 想要wait for 等待depend on 依靠call on 号召；要求2分词作宾语补足语(1)现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。They use computers to keep the traff
26、ic running smoothly.他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。(2)过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成。He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。3非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补(1)感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,notice等的宾补有以下形式(以see为例)：see sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某
27、事The suspect was seen entering the building.有人看见疑犯进入了大楼。see sb./sth.done看见某人/某物被(2)常见的使役动词有四个：have,make,let,get，表示“使，让”的含义。have/make/let sb.do sth.以及get sb.to do sth.表示“让/使某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.The teacher got some students
28、to stay in the classroom after school.放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。名师指津make用于被动语态时，其后要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。He was made to work day and night.他被迫日夜工作。have/getsb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事He had the light burning all night,which made his parentsvery angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。名师指津have sb.doing sth.用于否定句中，常与cant,wont等连用，表示“不
29、能容忍某人做某事”。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。have/get/make宾语done让被/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)Ill have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。He had his wallet stolen on his way home.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。(五)非谓语动词作主语和表语的用法1不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以
30、使句子保持平衡。To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。It is not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。(2)不定式作表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。My
31、 job is to clean the rooms every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。2动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time doing.；Its no use/good doing.；It is useless.doing.；There is no.等中。Knowing basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧
32、急情况时迅速作出反应。(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。考点1 非谓语动词作状语 1._ it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep thiscard at hand.(2016北京，26)A.MadeB.Make C.MakingD.To make 解析 考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句意为：为了更容易地和我们取得联系，你最好把这张名片卡放在手头。由本句话的后半句可知
33、，make的逻辑主语为you，you与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，结合句意可知，非谓语动词在这里作目的状语，故选D。5考点突破2._ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any timenow.(2016北京，28)A.OrderingB.To order C.Having orderedD.Ordered 解析 考查非谓语动词作原因状语。句意为：那些书一周前已经预定了，现在有望随时到货。order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故选D。3.Newly-built wooden cottages line
34、the street，_ the old towninto a dreamland.(2016北京，32)A.turnB.turning C.to turnD.turned 解析 考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意为：新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。句子主语newly-builtwooden cottages与turn是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故选B。4.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _ the sun andthe stars.(2015重庆，11)A.usedB.h
35、aving used C.usingD.use 解析 考查非谓语动词作方式状语。句意为：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作方式状语，相当于by using the sun and the stars的省略。5._ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津，8)A.To workB.Worked C.To be workingD.Having worked 解析 考查非谓语动词作时间
36、状语。句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。句子主语Steve与动词work之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时。考点归纳 1.分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目的等；作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的动宾关系，一般用过去分词。分词的完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too muc
37、htime，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.由于来自父母的压力，以及认识到浪费了太多的时间，这个男孩决定不玩电子游戏了。(表示原因)Having been told many times，he finally understood it.被告诉了许多次，他终于明白了。(表示时间)Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)Seeing from the top
38、of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)2.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)，faced with(面对)等。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。Dressed in a
39、red coat，he is like a girl rather than a boy.穿着一件红色衣服，他更像一个女孩。3.不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的、结果等。表原因时常用在表情感和态度的形容词后。如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目的时其前可加上in order或so as(so as to do一般不放在句首)；表结果时其前通常与only连用，往往表示出乎意料的结果。不定式的插入结构作状语，为固定短语结构。如：to be honest/to tell you the truth(老实说)，to be frank(说实话，坦率地说)，to beg
40、in with(首先)，to start with(首先)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to sum up(总之，概括地说)等。考点2 非谓语动词作定语 1.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message_ within the work.(2016江苏，28)A.to hideB.hidden C.hidingD.being hidden 解析 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意为：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定
41、语。2.There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a longstay on the Moon.(2014北京，28)A.solvingB.solved C.being solvedD.to be solved 解析 考查不定式作定语。句意为：在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。由there are可知设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰problems；根据时间状语从句before we are ready for a longstay on the Moon可知，动作solve发生在将来，故用不定式结构；而且
42、problems与solve之间存在被动关系，故用不定式的被动结构。3.Theres a note pinned to the door _ when the shop will openagain.(2014山东，6)A.sayingB.says C.saidD.having said 解析 考查现在分词作定语。分析句子结构可知句中已经有了谓语动词is，故首先排除B项。A项saying表示主动；C项said表示被动；D项having said表示动作先于is的动作发生。从逻辑关系上看，note与say之间是主动关系，所以选A项，在此用现在分词结构作后置定语。考点归纳 1.分词作定语，表示被动
43、、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。不定式作定语若表示已经发生的动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰。This is a problem discussed.这是一个已讨论了的问题。2.动 名 词 作 定 语 表 示 用 途，如 running shoes(跑 鞋)，a drawingboard(画板)，a swimming pool(游泳池)，a waiting room(候车室)，awalking stick(手杖)等。The swimmer ran to the s
44、ide of the swimming pool and dived off.那游泳者奔到游泳池边，纵身跳下。考点3 非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语 1.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was veryhappy to see his mother _ good care of at home.(2015陕西，18)A.takingB.taken C.takeD.be taken 解析 考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see宾语宾
45、语补足语”结构。此处his mother与take good careof之间是被动关系，故选B项。2.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _ liveis quite another.(2015浙江，18)A.performB.performing C.to performD.being performed 解析 考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示
46、去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。3.He is thought _ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself toblame for losing the job.(2014江西，34)A.to actB.to have acted C.actingD.having acted 解析 考查非谓语动词作主补。sb.be thought to.某人被认为，是固定句式。句意为：他被认为是举止愚蠢的，现在失去这份工作他只能责怪自己，不能怨别人。根据句意可知，他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前，所以用不定式的完成式。故B项正确。
47、考点归纳 1.非谓语动词(词组)作感官动词、使役动词的宾语补足语。When I passed the house，I saw him reading and didnt disturb him.当我经过他家的时候，我看到他正在读书就没有去打扰他。He had his wallet stolen at the station.他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。He got his brother to help him.他让他的兄弟帮助他。2.下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to，它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”五看(look at，see，watch，not
48、ice，observe)；三使(make，let，have)；二听(listen to，hear)；一感觉(feel)。He was seen to get on the bus.有人看到他上了公共汽车。The girl was made to cry.女孩被惹哭了。3.动词keep，leave，set，catch及介词with后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.对不起，让您久等了。We cant leave such an important matter unfinished.我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途
49、而废。I caught him smoking a cigarette.我碰到他正在抽烟。With a lot of work to do，he was not allowed to go out.由于有许多工作要做，他不被允许出去。考点4 非谓语动词作宾语 1.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedictwent on _ all the people who had helped in her career.(2015陕西，17)A.to thankB.thanking C.having thanke
50、dD.to have thanked 解析 考查不定式作宾语。句意为：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后，安妮本尼迪克特继续感谢所有曾经在她的事业中帮助过她的人。go onto do sth.继续做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事。拿奖后又继续做另一件事，即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”，所以选A。2.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _ for a swim？(2014陕西，12)A.to goB.going C.goD.having gone 解析 考查动名词作宾语。句意为：今天很热。你想去游泳吗？feellike想要，后面接名词、代词或
51、动名词。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”。D项having gone表示动作已完成，不符合语境。3.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without_.(2014北京，35)A.recognizingB.being recognized C.having recognizedD.having been recognized 解析 考查动名词的被动式作宾语。句意为：那位影星戴着墨镜，因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词，后面接动名词形式；the film star与
52、recognize之间存在被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，即“being done”结构。考点归纳 非谓语动词作宾语的四种情况 1.介词后常常接动词-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。2.下列动词只能接不定式作宾语afford付得起 agree同意apply申请arrange 安排 ask要求care想要 choose决定decide决定 demand要求desire请求 determine决心expect期待 help帮助hope希望 intend打算manage设法 offer主动提出plan计划 prepare准备pre
53、tend假装 promise答应refuse拒绝 want想要wish 希望 3.下列动词或词组只能接动名词作宾语admit承认 advise建议allow允许appreciate感激avoid避免consider考虑delay推迟deny否认dislike不喜欢enjoy喜爱escape逃脱excuse原谅fancy设想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原谅give up放弃imagine想像keep保持mention提及mind介意miss没赶上pardon原谅permit允许practise练习prevent 阻止prohibit禁止put off 推迟report报告ris
54、k冒险suggest建议4.既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语的动词，但两者意思不同。meanto do sth.打算想要做某事doing sth.意味着要做某事forgetto do sth.忘记去做某事doing sth.忘记做过某事rememberto do sth.记得去做某事doing sth.记得做过某事regretto do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔tryto do sth.设法做某事doing sth.试着做某事go onto do sth.继续做另一件事doing sth.继续做原来做的事stopdoing sth.停止做某事to do
55、sth.停下正在做的事去做另一事cant helpdoing sth.禁不住去做某事to do sth.不能帮助做某事考点5 非谓语动词作表语 1.While waiting for the opportunity to get _，Henry did his bestto perform his duty.(2014安徽，32)A.promoteB.promoted C.promotingD.to promote 解析 句意为：当等待机会升职的时候，亨利尽最大努力履行他的职责。这里使用了get done结构，表示被动关系。2.For those with family members far
56、 away，the personal computer andthe phone are important in staying _.(2014福建，30)A.connectedB.connecting C.to connectD.to be connected 解析 考查形容词化的过去分词作表语。句意为：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected可作形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。考点归纳 1.不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等。My goal is to b
57、e a scientist.我的目标是当一名科学家。What strikes me most is to see him always busy.使我感到惊讶的是总看见他很忙碌。2.动名词作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。My favorite sport is skiing.我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。3.作表语的现在分词，往往具有形容词的性质，用于说明主语的性质与特征。过去分词作表语和系动词连用，构成系表结构，往往表示主语所处的一种状态，有时候用于“getv.-ed”结构中。The report is very encouraging.这个报告非常鼓
58、舞人心。I got confused，even bored.我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有点烦了。考点6 非谓语动词作主语 1._ your own needs and styles of communication is as importantas learning to convey your affection and emotions.(2014湖南，23)A.UnderstandingB.To be understood C.Being understoodD.Having understood 解析 考查非谓语动词。“_ your own needs and styles ofcommu
59、nication”作题干的主语，应用动名词形式；因为“了解”的动作由自己发出，应用主动动作；且是陈述一个客观事实，用动名词的一般式，故选A。2.Its standard practice for a company like this one _ a securityofficer.(2014山东，9)A.employedB.being employed C.to employD.employs 解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的“_ a security officer”；再根据句型“It isn.forsb.to do sth.”，故选to empl
60、oy。考点归纳 1.动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。有时候用it作形式主语，常用于Its no use/good/useless/of little use/useful/worth/a waste oftime doing等句式中。Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。2.不定式作主语往往表示一个具体的动作、一种愿望、目的或未完成的事，通常用形式主语it代替。常见的it代替不定式作形式主语的句型有：It isadj.(f
61、or sb.)to do sth.It isn.(for sb.)to do sth.It isadj.of sb.(to do sth.)To stop the work now seems impossible.It seems impossible to stop the work now.现在停止这项工作似乎是不可能的。考点7 独立主格结构 1.Much time _ sitting at a desk，office workers are generallytroubled by health problems.(2015江苏，24)A.being spentB.having spe
62、nt C.spentD.spending 解析 考查独立主格结构。句意为：由于大部分时间坐在办公桌前，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。由于句中没有连词，故前半句要用独立主格结构；time与spend之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。2.The lecture _，a lively question-and-answer sessionfollowed.(2014江苏，29)A.being givenB.having given C.to be givenD.having been given 解析 考查独立主格结构。句意为：演讲结束后，紧跟着是一个生动的互动环节。由于句中没有连词，故前半句要
63、用独立主格结构；thelecture与give之间为被动关系，且动作发生在动词follow之前，故选D项。考点归纳 1.独立主格结构由“普通格名词(或主格代词)分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成，在句中作状语，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。Mary coming back，they discussed it together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you.运气好的话，我挣的钱将比你们所有人挣得都多。2.there be句型的非谓语形式 Ive never dream
64、ed of there being a picture on the wall.我从未想到墙上会有幅画。I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.我希望她有很多机会找到工作。There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.路上有冰，我让司机减速慢行。There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.已经两天都没有水了，所有游客都非常渴。考点8“连词分词(短语
65、)”结构 1.Video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands.(2015湖南，24)A.to leaveB.leaving C.leaveD.left 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games，它们之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。if left.是“连词过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。2.Children，when _ by their parents，are allowed to enter thestadium.(2014湖南，21
66、)A.to be accompaniedB.to accompany C.accompanyingD.accompanied 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children和accompany之间是被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词accompanied。此处是状语从句的省略，还原后是whenthey are accompanied by their parents。考点归纳 分词短语作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常 用 的 连 词 有：when，while，after，before，if，though，whether.or.
67、，unless，as if等。有时这种结构可看成是状语从句的省略。After taking the medicine，she felt better.吃过药后，她感觉好些了。You should stay where you are，unless asked to leave.你应该呆在你现在的地方不动，除非让你动。解题方法 方法1 正确判断非谓语动词 句子按结构分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，如果两个句子用连词进行连接，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。_many times，but he still couldnt unde
68、rstand it.A.Having been told B.Told C.He was told D.Though he had been told 解析 解析 解析 用连词but引导并列句，因此，前面与后句一样也是个独立的句子，排除A、B两项；因though和but不能同时出现在一个句子中，故选C。方法2 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要找到其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
69、正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都体现以下特点：1.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；2.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。_ from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is asea of trees.A.SeenB.Seeing C.Having seenD.To see 解析 解析 解析 句意为：从塔顶看，这座山的南边脚下是树的海洋。seen fromthe top of the tower是一个过去分词短
70、语，在句子中作状语。see的逻辑主语是句子的主语the south foot of the mountain，它们之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。方法3 正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序 非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动作发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时
71、发生。Dina，_ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took aposition at a local advertising agency.A.strugglingB.struggled C.having struggledD.to struggle 解析 解析 解析 句意为：Dina，奋斗了几个月，想找个做女服务员的工作，最后在当地一家广告社谋到了一个职位。因Dina与struggle之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；且struggle发生在took之前，故用现在分词的完成形式作定语。返回.单句填空1.(2016四川)For 25 day
72、s,she never left her baby,not even to find something (eat)!2.(2016江苏)In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message (hide)within the work.3.(2015广东)Since the plants took a while to grow,he started cutting down trees (sell)the wood.to eathiddento sell真题感悟真题感悟4.(2015安徽)(ignore)the di
73、fference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.5.(2015重庆)(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.6.(2014新课标)It took years of work (reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.7.(2014新课标)While there are (
74、amaze)stories of instant transformation,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.IgnoringRaisedto reduceamazing真题感悟8.(2014福建)By focusing on (节省)oil,water,paper,food,and clothing,we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.9.(201
75、4福建)Actually,severe damage (do)to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.10.(2014广东)We got a little (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.savingdonesunburned/sunburnt真题感悟.单句改错1.(2016天津)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,made air conditioning
76、 unnecessary.2.(2016北京)To making it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.3.(2015新课标)After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his parents were missing.made改为makingmaking改为makelooks改为looking真题感悟4.(2015四川)Weve been spending a lot of time sing in
77、karaoke bars.5.(2015浙江)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.6.(2015浙江)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.sit改为sittingsing改为singingfelt改为feel真题感悟7.(2015陕西)I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.8.(201
78、5陕西)My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!9.(2015四川)Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing._10.(2014大纲)Otherwise,it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long._just后加toenjoy改为enjoyingwant后加to去掉最后一个to1.熟练掌握非谓语动词的用法。2.认真完成课时作业。布置作业
