1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change:Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or moredoing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets. Not long ago,
2、my wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we dont keep reducing e
3、missions(排放) of carbon dioxide(CO2) and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere. We decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2. We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet. The average US household(家庭) pr
4、oduces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars. Thats more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But how much should we try to reduce? F
5、or an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the
6、 melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent, “ he said. Good advice, I thought. Id opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind. Wed gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. Id
7、 almost forgotten the windows even opened. We should not let this happen again. Its time for us to change our habits if necessary. 1. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food. B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight. D. To improve their health. 2. T
8、he underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “”.A. freezing pointsB. burning pointsC. melting pointsD. boiling points3. It can be inferred from the passage that.A. it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the timeB. it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of
9、CO2C. the average US household produces about 3, 000 pounds of CO2 a monthD. the average European household produces about 1, 000 pounds of CO2 a month4. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. Saving Energy Starts at HomeB. Changing Our Habits Begins at WorkC. Changing C
10、limate Sounds ReasonableD. Reducing Emissions of CO2 Proves Difficult【参考答案】1-4 BCBA 【2013界广东省韶关市】 Normally when I pop in to see my parents, my mum bursts out of the house with a big smile. Not today. Your brother, she says, hes showered twice this afternoon. Does he know how much it costs to run thi
11、s house? Are we limiting water now? I didnt think the recession(萧条) had got that bad. My poor brother is a boomerang kid. Like 60 percent of guys immediately after university, hes back at home. Graduating 15,000 in debt and faced with unpaid internships(实习期) or low wages thanks to the flooding of th
12、e market with graduates, a lot of twentysomethings simply dont have the necessary income or parental support to live independently. Three years after getting their degree, most graduates are still not earning above the average salary. They have a near 50 percent tax burden, thanks to student loan re
13、payments and council tax on top of income tax and national insurance. Unless you have parents who can afford to finance what is effectively a second home for them, returning to the parental nest is often the only affordable option. The boomerang effect is becoming even more pronounced thanks to the
14、recession. One in four of those losing their job during the downturn is under 25. Only 13 percent of final-year students have jobs. Home is the only place many are going: 111,000 16-29 year olds moved back home in 2008, five times the average of previous years. Boomeranging is bad news. It poses ser
15、ious problems for parents finances. Theyve already supported their children through university, topping up loans with handouts, averaging 12,300 in total, to keep twentysomethings afloat. Now their retirement savings are being eaten away by continuously dependent children. Its bad for the returning
16、kids too. Ambitious young people will be left frustrated, seeing their university peers from more wealthy backgrounds excel only because parents money was there to support them through the initial period of poverty wages. Those living in rural areas are further disadvantaged by lack of access to cit
17、ies where most new jobs are located. Half of all young people now feel they will not achieve their goals. Research by the Princes Trust reveals that one-quarter of all 16-25 year olds are regularly down or depressed. And depression does not help self-motivation, the very trait needed to seek out job
18、 opportunities. 31. In paragraph 1, the mothers criticizing her son for showering too often shows _. A. the price of water has increased B. she thinks her son is selfish C. her son is an economic burden D. she wants to have a shower herself 【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由“hes back at home. Graduating 15,000 in deb
19、t and faced with unpaid internships(实习期) or low wages thanks to the flooding of the market with graduates,”可知他儿子是家里的经济负担。故选C。32. What is the boomerang mentioned in the passage? A. A person earning low income. B. A person who has heavy tax burden. C. A youth who cannot get parental support. D. A yout
20、h returning to parents after graduation. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由“My poor brother is a boomerang kid. Like 60 percent of guys immediately after university, hes back at home.”可知选D。33. According to the passage, which of the following does NOT contribute to the tax bill of most young graduates? A. National in
21、surance. B. Income tax. C. Council income. D. Student loans. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由“thanks to student loan repayments and council tax on top of income tax and national insurance.”可知选C。34. Who is comparatively most affected by the recession according to the passage? A. Those who havent completed their uni
22、versity studies. B. Those who are supported through by their parents. C. Those who can have access to the urban facilities. D. Those who were born into the well-off families. 【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由“Ambitious young people will be left frustrated, seeing their university peers from more wealthy backgrounds
23、excel only because parents money was there to support them through the initial period of poverty wages.”可知选A。35. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Global Recession B. Boomerang Kids C. Unemployment Rate D. Falling Incomes 【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。由纵观全篇可看出，本文讲的是就经济衰退引起的回归家庭的子女。故选B。Passage Thirty-one (
24、The Causes of European Separation in 16th Century) For a thousand years and more, the people of Europe had fought about many things, but they had been united in believing one thing: that there existed a single “Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church” of which the Bishop of Rome, under the title of the
25、Pope, was the visible and recognizable head in succession to St. Peter. But in 1517 a German monk, Martin Luther, challenged certain Catholic teachings and renounced his obedience to the papacy. Others had followed him, including Henry VIII. Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern a
26、nd eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in vi
27、rtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbors attempts to convert them. For this there was no simple, friendly solution to be reached on the principle of live-a
28、nd-let-live. Each party believed that it had hold of the truth, the only truth that mattered, the one that led to eternal salvation, and its adversaries clung to falsehood which must necessarily head to eternal damnation: not only for themselves but for all who should permit them to survive and infe
29、ct others with their errors. Toleration, even reasonable discussion, was impossible. God and the devil could not mix. Just as Elizabeth was to ardent Catholics that Jezebel, so to earnest Protestants the Pope was “that wolfish bloodsucker,” and their Catholic fellow-creatures mad dogs, toads and oth
30、er such vermin to be cleansed off the face of the earth.These feelings, dangerous enough in themselves, were made more so by questions of geography and money. The Catholic countries bordering on the Mediterranean were by far the richest. From the beginning of the Middle Ages the Republic of Venice h
31、ad controlled the trade routes to the East, bringing the wares carried out of Persia, China and the Indies by camel to her depots in Syria and reloading them in her high, gorgeously painted vessels for transshipment to Italy and beyond. Since the end of the fifteen century, first Portugal by sailing
32、 round Africa to India, then Spain by the discovery of America, had likewise been in a position to bring for sale to Europe all the rare and wonderful things for which Europe longedsilks and precious woods, sugar and spices, gold and silver, works of exquisite art and strange animals from peacock to
33、 tigers. In 1494, two years after Columbuss first voyage to America, Pope Alexander VI had divided the unexplored world beyond the seas between Spain and Portugal as reward for their enterprise and to keep them from fighting. The other countries had respected this division so long as they remained C
34、atholic.1. The best title for this passage isA. The History of Europe in 16th Century. The Religious History of Europe in 16th Century.C. The Causes of European Separation in 16th Century.2. What does we learn from the passage?A. The Pope had the supreme power in religion before reform. The Pope had
35、 the greatest power in every thing outside religion.C. The Pope was the real king in Europe then.D. The Pope was the real ruler in Europe then.3. What did the sentence “The other countries had respected this division so long as they remained Catholic” imply?A. It implied this division could not be r
36、espected long. It implied this division would not face a challenge.C. It implied this division would be respected forever.D. It implied the power of the Pope would never decline.4. Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause to deepen the dangerous feelings?A. Money. . Geology. C. Religion. D
37、. Geography.Vocabulary1. Apostolic 罗马教皇的，使徒的2. in succession to 继承，接班3. Martin Luther 马丁路德 14831546德国宗教改革家4. teachings 教义5. renounce 抛弃，摈弃，否认6. papacy 罗马教皇职位/制度，这里指罗马教皇7. cling to 坚持8. damnation 诅咒，永远的处罚9. bloodsucker 吸血鬼10. depot 仓库，补给站11. gorgeous 华丽的，灿烂的，辉煌的12. spice 香料13. enterprise 事业，业绩，功勋难句译注
38、1. Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating
39、 to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbors attempts to convert them.结构简析 every which way. 四面八方，散
40、乱。这里指四分五裂。EX : Railroads cross the country in every which way. 铁路四通八达，纵横全国。参考译文 就这样欧洲四分五裂：东南部2/3仍然是天主教，西北部1/3是后来被称为的基督教，虽然英国统治的爱尔兰是稳固的天主教，而西班牙统治的荷兰，特别是靠近现代荷兰的北部地区越来越变成基督教。事实上，在每个国家，不论官方声称是天主教还是基督教，相反信仰的人都拼命想把他的邻居变过来，也同样强烈的抵制他们的邻居企图把他们变过去。2. Each party believed that it had hold of the truth, the only
41、 truth that mattered, the one that led to eternal salvation, and its adversaries clung to falsehood which must necessarily head to eternal damnation: not only for themselves but for all who should permit them to survive and infect others with their errors.结构简析 believed 有两个宾语从句，用and连接。第一个宾语从句that it
42、had hold of the truth中，the only the one都说明truth,是它的同位语。And 后的宾语从句省略了连词that，句中有定语从句which must 修饰falsehood，后面的who定从修饰all.参考译文 每一派都认为他掌握了真理，唯一的至关重要的这里，通向永恒获救解脱，而它的对手（敌人）死抓住错误不放，这必然导致永恒的诅咒；不仅诅咒他们自己，还诅咒那些让他们生存下去，让他们错误感染别人的人。3. Just as Elizabeth was to ardent Catholics that Jezebel, so to earnest Protesta
43、nts the Pope was “that wolfish bloodsucker,” and their Catholic fellow-creatures mad dogs, toads and other such vermin to be cleansed off the face of the earth.结构简析 注意just asso 句型，so 后是部分倒装。To cleanse off消减，清除出。Jezebel耶西别古代以色列国王亚哈的妻子，残忍淫荡。后指无耻放荡的女人，胭脂虎。这里指英国女王伊丽莎白。参考译文 就像伊丽莎白女王对狂热的天主教徒来讲那是个耶西别；对基督教徒
44、来说罗马教皇是那个残忍的吸血鬼。天主教徒是疯狗，蛤蟆，其他种种恶魔，应从地球表面上清除出去。写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论述“宗教改革后的欧洲形势”的文章。（16世纪欧洲的情况）。作者从三方面论及其分裂的原由，欧洲在宗教改革后的信仰分裂，造成新旧教势不两立的局面，地理位置和金钱两个因素加剧了分裂的局面。答案祥解1. D. 16世纪欧洲分裂的因素。上面文章大意中作者是从三方面论及其分裂。见难句译注1和第三段第一句：“这些情感，本身就危险，再加上地理和金钱两个问题，情况就更加不妙了。”A. 欧洲史。 B. 欧洲宗教史。这两项涉及面更广。 C. 宗教改革对16世纪欧洲的影响。和标题有些接近。但第三段
45、却是和宗教无关的两个因素。2. C. 在改革前，罗马教皇是欧洲真正的帝王。这在第一段中有明确的叙述“一千多年来，欧洲人们虽然在许多事情彼此斗争过，可是在信仰上团结一致，都信只有一个神圣的天主教和罗马教皇的教会。那里的罗马大主教，称为教皇，是继承圣彼德之后有形的公认领袖。可是，1517年德国僧侣，马丁路德向某些天主教教义提出挑衅，拒绝服从罗马教皇，其他追随他，其中包括亨利八世（英王）”。A. 在改革前，罗马教皇在宗教上具有至高无上的权利。似乎很有道理。实际上，教皇虽是宗教领袖，管的事情远远超出宗教范畴。这在最后一段倒数第二句话可见一般。结合第三题谈。 B. 教皇在宗教之外的许多事情有着最高的权利
46、。是明显不对的。 D. 教皇是那时欧洲的真正统治者。Then 一词可以指改革前后。3. A. 这种分割不可能长期得到尊重。最后一段的最后两句话“1494年，哥伦布首次远航美洲后的两年，教皇亚历山大六世就把这块大洋彼岸未曾勘探的世界分给西班牙和葡萄牙作为对他们业绩的褒奖（赏赐）和制止他们彼此开仗。其它国家只要他们依然信仰天主教，他们就会尊重这个瓜分。”as long as 是一个条件。一旦这个条件不存在，那就不会再尊重。另一方面也说明教皇不仅管宗教，见第2题A注释，因此并不正确。B. 不会面临挑战。 C. 永远得到尊重。 D. 教皇权力永不衰退。4. B. 地质学。其他三项：A. 钱。 C. 宗教。 D. 地理位置。都提到。
