1、课时素养检测 二Unit 1Period 2. 阅读理解AThere are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low or
2、der of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is raised. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never get to the level of intel
3、ligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins
4、were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was brought up by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was brought up in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as
5、 a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Marks I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and
6、 fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了智力和环境的关系,同样智力水平的人,环境和教育不一样,智商也会有很大的不同。1. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Measuring Your Intell
7、igenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“So the second factor is what happens to the individual - the sort of environment in which he is raised. ”可知,本文主要介绍了智力和环境的关系。2. The best statement of the main idea of this pa
8、ssage is that _. A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The import
9、ance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. ”可知,双胞胎Peter 和Mark受不同的环境的影响,最后智力水平也不同是环境对决定一个人智力的重要性的最好证明,由此可知,环境对决定一个人的智力至关重要是对文章观点的最好表述。3. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion
10、that _. A. individuals with identical brains are seldom tested at the same levelB. an individuals intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Giv
11、en equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level”可知,如果机会均等,这对拥有相同智力水平的双胞胎,测试结果将大致相同,由此可知,缺乏机会阻碍智力的发展。4. This passage suggests that an individuals I. Q. _. A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by ed
12、ucationD. is determined by his childhood【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Mark was brought up in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. ”可知,马克在上过大学的富裕家庭长大,小时经常听故事,被送到好的学校读书,并被给予各种机会去激发他的
13、智力,最后的智商测试表明马克的智商远高于他的孪生兄弟彼得,由此可知,一个人的智商可以通过教育提高。BI must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I dont remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the w
14、ords sounded. I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, “I cant believe whats printed in the newspaper this morning,” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and e
15、ach night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading. This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mo
16、m said, “The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,” I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed. Most of my reading through prim
17、ary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make As on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didnt enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract (抽象的) left too much room for argument.
18、 Yet, now that Im growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyon
19、e. I dont have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax. Were taught to read because its necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And Ive foun
20、d that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文,作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。5. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of moms hands?A. She wanted mom to read the news to her. B. She was anxious to know what had happened. C. She couldnt wait to tear the newspaper apart. D.
21、 She couldnt help but stop mom from reading. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say. . . made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself”可知,作者一直想知道妈妈在读什么。作者想抢过妈妈读的报纸,因为作者自己迫切地想看一看报纸上写的内容。6. According to Paragraph 3, the authors reading of ro
22、ad signs indicates _. A. her unique way to locate herselfB. her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD. her growing desire to know the world around her【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything.
23、 ”可以推断出,作者读路标暗示作者在阅读方面的进步引起了她的好奇心,想要了解周围的一切。7. What was the authors view on factual reading?A. It would help her update test-taking skills. B. It would allow much room for free thinking. C. It would provide true and objective information. D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to li
24、fe. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make As on my tests. ”可知,小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读,读书是为了获取知识,考试得A。因此事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息。8. The author takes novel reading as a way to _. A. explore a fantasy landB. develop a p
25、assion for learningC. learn about the adult communityD. get away from a confusing world【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. ” 可知,阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入小
26、说中的世界。. 完形填空The Grass Cutting DaysEvery time we headed out to cut grass, Dad was there to watch. I used to 1 why he came with us. He stood watching us in the sticky Florida heat when he could have been inside 2 with air conditioning and an icy drink. One day we were cutting our next-door neighbors y
27、ard. She always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make matters worse, we had an old lawn mower that kept breaking down as we tried to cut through her backyard jungle. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was 3 and sweaty. I 4 the tall glass of cold juice I would d
28、rink in a minute to cool down. I was just about to turn off the lawn mower 5 I saw Dad pointing to one single blade of grass (一片草). I thought about the small amount of money I was getting 6 for cutting grass so high that it almost broke the mower. I ignored him and kept walking. Dad called me out an
29、d yelled, “You missed a blade. ” I frowned (皱眉), hoping he would let me go home. He kept pointing. Though tired and 7, I still went back to cut that blade of grass. I thought to myself, “That one blade isnt 8 anyone. Why wont he just let it go?”But when I reached adulthood, I understood his 9: When
30、youre running a business,the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an honest businessman, you must deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass 10 the job was not done. Other neighbors took 11 of the good work we did and we soon gained more 12. The lesson my dad
31、 taught me stayed with me: Be 13. If you say you are going to perform a job at a certain time, 14 your word. Give your customers the kind of 15 they would like to receive. It shows how sincere you are and how much pride you take in your work. 【语篇概述】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲了作者小时候割草时父亲的话语对成年以后自己的生意有了非常大的帮助和启迪。1.
32、 A. wonderB. understandC. knowD. expect【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。wonder想知道;understand懂得;know知道;expect期望。根据下文父亲本可以待在空调屋里放松推断,可知“我们”都去割草,但父亲却只看着,既然这样,作者想知道他为什么还要跟着去。2. A. hidingB. relaxingC. playingD. talking【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。hiding隐藏;relaxing放松;playing玩耍;talking谈话。根据上文He stood watching us可知,父亲只是站在那里看着我们,作者认为与其这样
33、还不如在开着空调的房间喝着冰饮料放松自己。3. A. wiseB. backC. warmD. tired【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。wise明智的;back后面的;warm温暖的;tired疲劳的。根据句意可知,空处和sweaty并列,作者割草割得汗流浃背,可见非常累。4. A. picturedB. decidedC. requiredD. invented【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。pictured想象;decided决定;required需要;invented发明。根据句意和空后的would drink,可知此处的冰饮是作者想象出来的。5. A. untilB. before
34、C. whenD. while【解析】选C。考查状语从句连词。until直到;before在之前;when当时;while然而。be about to do. . . when. . . 是固定句型,意为“正要这时”,符合句意。6. A. involvedB. caughtC. changedD. paid【解析】选D。考查固定用法。involved包含;caught抓住;changed改变;paid支付。根据句意可知,get paid是固定搭配,意为“得到报酬”符合语境。7. A. discouragedB. ashamedC. touchedD. shocked【解析】选A。考查形容词词义
35、辨析。discouraged沮丧的;ashamed羞愧的;touched受感动的;shocked震惊的。根据前文可知,作者因工作得很辛苦却只得到了一小点回报,心里不免有些泄气。8. A. surprisingB. frighteningC. hurtingD. challenging【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。surprising使惊讶;frightening使惊吓;hurting伤害;challenging向挑战。根据句意可知,hurt意为“伤害”,与句意相符。9. A. punishmentB. messageC. crueltyD. expression【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析
36、。punishment惩罚;message信息;cruelty残忍;expression表达。根据句意和语境可知,当作者成年以后,明白了当年父亲和他说的那句话,message在此处表示父亲传达给我的信息。10. A. seemedB. realizedC. meantD. found【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。seemed似乎;realized意识到;meant意味着;found发现。根据句意可知,mean意为“意味着”,与题意相符。11. A. careB. noticeC. placeD. control【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。care关心;notice注意;place地方;c
37、ontrol控制。根据句意和语境可知,take notice of是固定搭配,意为“注意到”,与题意相符。12. A. businessB. workersC. experienceD. prizes【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。business生意;workers工人;experience经验;prizes奖品。根据句意可知,因为割草割得好,更多的生意就上门了。13. A. patientB. powerfulC. preparedD. professional【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。patient有耐心的;powerful强有力的;prepared有准备的;profession
38、al专业的。根据语境可知,从割草到做生意,最重要的就是“专业”。14. A. breakB. giveC. saveD. keep【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。break打破;give给予;save拯救;keep保持。根据句意可知,keep ones word是固定搭配,意为“履行诺言”,与题意相符。15. A. adviceB. serviceC. attentionD. warmth【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。advice建议;service服务;attention注意力;warmth温暖。根据句意可知,做生意在于给客户想要的服务,以彰显你的真诚。【技法导练】如何做主旨大意题主旨大意
39、题的难度较大,抓住文章主题是关键。例如A篇第1题,根据第一段中的“So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is raised. ”可知影响智力的第二个因素是他成长的环境,再结合第二段第一句“The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. ”可知,双胞胎Peter 和Mark受不同的环境的影响,最后智力水平也不同是环境对决定一个人智力的重要性的最好证明,由此可知,本文主要介绍的是智力和环境的关系。
